Local Integration of Migrants Policy: European Experiences and Challenges

Praise for Local Integration of Migrants Policy
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 New Challenges in Local Migrant Integration Policy in Europe
	1.1 Multi-Level Governance and Migration Policy
	1.2 The Role of Local Authorities in Integration Policy
	1.3 Dimensions of Local Integration Policy of Migrants
	1.4 About This Book
	References
2 Between Central Control and Local Autonomy: The Changing Role of Swedish Municipalities in the Implementation of Integration Policies
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Background: Swedish Migration Policy in a Historical Perspective
	2.3 Contemporary National Migration Policy: From Generous to EU Minimum
	2.4 Distribution of Responsibilities Over the Different Tiers of the Political-Administrative System
		National Level
			Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket)
			Swedish Public Employment Service (Arbetsförmedling)
		Local Level
			The County Administrative Boards (Länsstyrelser)
			Municipalities (Kommuner)
	2.5 Implementation and Results of Integration Policies
	2.6 Current Challenges and Innovative Solutions in Local Integration Policies of Migrants and Refugees
		Housing Problems
		Educational Issues
	2.7 Conclusions
	References
3 The Norwegian Case: Integration Through Local Autonomy and Institutionalization
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Population Change: A More Diverse Society
	3.3 Policy Changes
		Need for Control
		Balancing Norwegian Immigration Policy to the EU
		Sustainability of the Welfare State
	3.4 Institutionalization
		‘State Engineering’
	3.5 From State to the Role of Local Authorities in the Integration Policy of Immigrants
		The State Controls Immigration Policy
		From State to Municipality
	3.6 Effectiveness of Implementation of Integration Policy and Integration Results
	3.7 Policy Instruments and the Existing Challenges of Local Integration Policies
	3.8 Good Practice in Local Integration Policies of Migrants
	3.9 Attitudes Towards Immigration and Immigrants in Norway
	3.10 Concluding Remarks: Local Autonomy or More State Control?
	References
4 Finland’s Immigration Policy: State Objectives, Local Solutions
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Becoming a Permanent Resident in Finland
	4.3 Integration Policy: National Aims and Objectives
	4.4 Integration Activities: Regional and Local Practices
	4.5 The Challenges of Achieving Integration
	4.6 Immigrants, Minorities and the “European Refugee Crisis”
	4.7 Conclusion
	References
5 The Swiss Rationale of Integration Policies: Balancing Federalism, Consociationalism and Direct Democracy
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Rationale of Immigration to Switzerland: A Short Introduction from a Historical Perspective Towards Recent Developments
	5.3 Institutional Analysis of the Swiss Migration Policies: Federalism, Consociationalism, Direct Democracy and the Consequences for Municipal Autonomy
		Federalism
		Consociationalism and Direct Democracy
	5.4 Effectiveness and Impacts of the Swiss Integration Policy on the Local Level
		Examples of Recent Local Initiatives: Encouraging Access to Citizenship
		Actual Data on Migration and Public Opinion on Migrants
		Conclusion
	References
6 Migration in the Netherlands: Threats and Opportunities
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 A Nation of Migrants
	6.3 Values and Goals
	6.4 Role of the Tiers of Public Administration
	6.5 Local Challenges and Good Practices
	References
7 Germany: From Denied Immigration to Integration of Migrants
	7.1 Germany’s Historical Path from an Emigration Country to an Immigration Country
	7.2 German Immigration Policy Within a Multi-level Federal System
	7.3 Trends in Migration and German Migration Policy Since 2015
	7.4 Conclusion
	References
8 Ireland’s Evolving Migrant Policy: Recurring Rhetoric, Sporadic Action
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Migration: A Growing Phenomenon in Ireland
	8.3 Composition of the Migrant Population
	8.4 Developing Ireland’s Migration Policy
	8.5 Legal Foundations of Ireland’s Migration Policy
	8.6 Principles and Values Underpinning Migrant Policies
	8.7 Implementing Migration Policy: An Expanding Role for Local Government
	8.8 Examples of Good Practice  and Innovation by Local Government
	8.9 Irish Attitudes and Opinions on Migration
	8.10 Challenges
	8.11 Conclusions
	References
9 Reception of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in France: Between Rigour and Humanism
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Migration Issue in France: Statistical Data Concerning Immigration to France
	9.3 Public Opinion on the Migration Issue
	9.4 Main Characteristics of France’s Migration Policies
		State Control of the Reception and Integration Policy  for Asylum Seekers and Refugees
		National Reception System for Refugees and Asylum Seekers: The State’s Principal Competence in Receiving Refugees and Asylum Seekers
		Access to the Labour Market
	9.5 Reception and Integration of Refugees and Asylum Seekers: The Subsidiary Competence of Local Authorities
		A Contractualisation Policy Between the State and Local Authorities
	9.6 Conclusion
	References
10 Immigration and Integration Policies in Poland: Institutional, Political and Social Perspectives
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Migration Situation in Poland
	10.3 The Specificity of the Evolution of Polish Immigration and Integration Policies
	10.4 Relations Between Immigration Policy and Integration Policy at the Central and Local Levels
	10.5 Good Practices and Innovative Solutions in Local Integration Activities
	10.6 Political Context of Polish Immigration and Integration Policies Since 2015: Mediatisation of Immigration and Triggering Moral Panic
	10.7 Public Opinion on Immigration: A Case Study of the Acceptance of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in 2015–2018
	10.8 Conclusions
	References
11 Slovenian Migration Management at the Local Level
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Legal Perspective
	11.3 Perspective on Migration and Internal Ideological Struggle
	11.4 Reality of Local Government Involvement
	11.5 Practical Cases
	11.6 Conclusion
	Sources and References
12 Local Integration Policy of Migrants in Croatia: In Search of Coherence and Capacity
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Migration Profile and Public Attitudes About Migrants
	12.3 Croatian Migration and Integration Policies: Documents, Values, and Goals
	12.4 Legal Regulation of Migration and Distribution of Responsibilities for the Integration of Migrants
	12.5 The Role of Local Authorities in the Integration of Migrants and Refugees
	12.6 Recent Trends in Local Integration Policies
	12.7 Good Local Practices in Integration of Migrants and Refugees
		Integration House and Centre for Integration of Refugees “SOL”
		Rijeka as the European Capital of Culture and Inclusion of Migrants into the Programme “The Port of Diversity”
	12.8 Conclusion
	References
13 Romania’s Policy of Migration and Integration: Unattractive Host Nation and Alternative Transit Route
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Political Context and Policy
	13.3 Institutional Reforms in the Context of the Migration Crisis and Results of Migration Policy
	13.4 Challenges for Current and Future Migration Policy and Recommendations Based on Lessons Learnt
	13.5 Conclusion
	References
14 Challenges of Immigrant Integration in Spanish Local Governments
	14.1 Becoming an Immigrant Receiving Country
	14.2 Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Immigration
	14.3 The Management of Immigration and Asylum Policies
	14.4 The Role of Municipalities in the Care and Integration of Immigrants and Refugees
	14.5 Conclusions
	References
15 Internal Geopolitics and Migration Policies in Italy
	15.1 Introduction: Italian Geography—A Predicament
	15.2 Immigration in Italy
	15.3 Government Structures and Migrant Reception and Assistance
	15.4 The Reception System in Italy
	15.5 The SPRAR Project
	15.6 Conclusions
	References
16 Public Opinion on Migration and the Role of the Media in the Context of the “European Refugee Crisis”
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Insights on Public Opinion on Migration
	16.3 Media Reports on the “European Refugee Crisis”
	16.4 Data on Public Opinion: The Eurobarometer
	16.5 Conclusion
	References
17 Integrating Immigrants: Capacities and Challenges for Local Authorities in Europe
	17.1 Municipalities as Pioneers of Immigrant Integration
	17.2 Coordination Within Nation-States
	17.3 Structural Convergence and Substantial Differentiation
	17.4 Coordination
	17.5 Municipal Integration Concepts and Capacities
	17.6 Cooperation with Stakeholders
	17.7 Empirical Findings of a German Research Project on Local Integration Policy
	References
18 Conclusions: An Overview of Local Migrant Integration Policies in Europe
	18.1 Interactions of National Migration Policy and Local Integration Policy
	18.2 Consequences of the so-Called Refugee Crisis of 2015 on Migration and Integration
	18.3 Trends in Local Integration Policy
	18.4 Outlook
	References
Index