Lobbying on a Shoestring

Preliminary Pages
	PREFACE
	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
	ABOUT THE AUTHORS
	TABLE OF CONTENTS
	TABLE OF EXHIBITS
Chapter 1
	Introduction
		§ 1.1 OVERVIEW
		§ 1.2 THE BASICS
		§ 1.3 THE HERO OPPORTUNITY
		§ 1.4 THE THREE RULES OF INFLUENCING PUBLIC POLICY
			§ 1.4.1 First Rule: Elected and Appointed Decision Makers Make Different Decisions When Watched by the Affected Constituency
			§ 1.4.2 Second Rule: Get the Right Information to the Right Person at the Right Time
				(a) Right Information
				(b) Right Person
				(c) Right Time
			§ 1.4.3 Third Rule: Elected and Appointed Officials Weigh Opinion as Equal to Fact
		§ 1.5 KEYS TO A WINNING CAMPAIGN
		§ 1.6 SOME FINAL ADVICE
Chapter 2
	Laying the Groundwork for a Successful Campaign
		§ 2.1 PLANNING OF THE CAMPAIGN
			§ 2.1.1 The Coalition Convening Committee
			§ 2.1.2 The Internal Politics of Coalition Building and Maintenance
			§ 2.1.3 Elements of a Successful Campaign Coalition
			§ 2.1.4 Introduction to the Advocacy Power Prism®
		§ 2.2 VALUE-BASED MESSAGING
			§ 2.2.1 The Beating Heart of Value-Based Messaging
			§ 2.2.2 Why Value-Based Messaging Works
			§ 2.2.3 The Campaign Coalition’s Main Players
				(a) Communications Coordinator
				(b) Grassroots Base
				(c) Field Coordinator
					Step 1
					Step 2
					Step 3
					Step 4
				(d) Lobbyist
				(e) Lawyer, Expert
				(f) Sponsors, Supporters, and Key Staff
		§ 2.3 OPPOSITION
			§ 2.3.1 Assessing Your Opposition
			§ 2.3.2 Outside Opposition
			§ 2.3.3 Opposition Within the Legislature
			§ 2.3.4 Opposition from the Administration
		§ 2.4 ALLIES
			§ 2.4.1 Identifying and Mobilizing Potential Allies
			§ 2.4.2 Outside Allies—Building a Legislative Network
			§ 2.4.3 Allies in the Legislature
			§ 2.4.4 Allies in the Administration
		§ 2.5 MOBILIZING AND MAINTAINING A GRASSROOTS NETWORK OF CAMPAIGN ACTIVISTS
			§ 2.5.1 Network Training
			§ 2.5.2 Lobbying in the District
			§ 2.5.3 Organizing a Lobby Day
			§ 2.5.4 Building a Campaign Budget
				(a) Network Training Activities
				(b) Network Updating
				(c) Legislative Lobbying Materials
				(d) Extraordinary Expenses for the Committee and the Volunteer Lobbyist
				(e) Paid Lobbyist
Chapter 3
	Life in the Legislative Arena
		§ 3.1 INTRODUCTION
		§ 3.2 OVERVIEW OF A LEGISLATURE AND HOW TO AFFECT IT
			§ 3.2.1 Profile of a Legislative Body
			§ 3.2.2 Members
			§ 3.2.3 Leadership
				(a) The Omnipotent Speaker of the House and Senate President
				(b) Majority and Minority Leaders
			§ 3.2.4 Committees and Committee Chairs
			§ 3.2.5 The Joint Committees
			§ 3.2.6 The Standing Committees
				(a) Ways and Means
				(b) Bills on Third Reading
				(c) Rules
				(d) Committee on Ethics
				(e) Committee on Steering and Policy (Senate) and Committee on Steering, Policy, and Scheduling (House)
				(f) Discharge Procedures
			§ 3.2.7 Legislative Staff
				(a) Personal Aides
				(b) Policy Staff
		§ 3.3 WHAT MAKES LEGISLATORS ACT?
			§ 3.3.1 The Legislator’s Personal Goals
				(a) Getting Reelected
				(b) Gaining Influence Within the Legislature
				(c) Avoiding Conflict
			§ 3.3.2 Public Opinion
			§ 3.3.3 The Legislator’s Image
			§ 3.3.4 Pressures on the Leadership
		§ 3.4 HOW TO INFLUENCE A SPECIFIC LEGISLATOR
			§ 3.4.1 Use Whatever Influence that Legislator Responds to
			§ 3.4.2 Use Effective Communications
				(a) Personal Visits and Phone Calls
				(b) Personal Letters
				(c) Form Letters and E-mails
				(d) Petitions, Including E-mail Petitions
			§ 3.4.3 Getting a Legislator’s Commitment
			§ 3.4.4 Remember What You Can Offer Legislators
				(a) Work
				(b) Issues, Platforms, and Press
				(c) Constituent Service
				(d) Political Support
			§ 3.4.5 Use Limited Resources Wisely
			§ 3.4.6 Thank People Who Come Through for You
Chapter 4
	Drafting and Filing the Bill
		§ 4.1 THE FOUR W’S OF FILING
			§ 4.1.1 When?
			§ 4.1.2 Who?
			§ 4.1.3 What?
				(a) Petitions and Bills
				(b) Factsheets and Other Backup Documents
			§ 4.1.4 Where?
		§ 4.2 STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS
			§ 4.2.1 The Filing Deadline
			§ 4.2.2 Drafting
			§ 4.2.3 Titles
		§ 4.3 SPONSORS
			§ 4.3.1 Qualifications of a Good Sponsor
				(a) Knowledge of the Subject
				(b) Key Positions
				(c) Belief in the Bill
				(d) Willingness to Work on the Bill
			§ 4.3.2 Number of Supporters
			§ 4.3.3 How to Recruit Informed, Committed Sponsors
			§ 4.3.4 Repeated Use of the Same Sponsors
		EXHIBIT 4A—Sample House Bill
		EXHIBIT 4B—Sample Factsheet
		EXHIBIT 4C—Sample Section-by-Section Summary
Chapter 5
	Committees and Committee Meetings
		§ 5.1 INTRODUCTION
		§ 5.2 GETTING YOUR BILL TO THE RIGHT COMMITTEE
			§ 5.2.1 Which Committee Does What?
			§ 5.2.2 How to Steer a Bill
			§ 5.2.3 Discharge
		§ 5.3 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HEARING
			§ 5.3.1 Getting Ready for a Committee Hearing
			§ 5.3.2 Who Do You Talk to?
				(a) See Both Chairs
				(b) See Committee Members
				(c) Talk to Staff
				(d) Opponents
				(e) Allies
			§ 5.3.3 Hearing Strategy
				(a) What Kind of Testimony?
			§ 5.3.4 Written Statements
			§ 5.3.5 Testifying
				(a) Advocates and Experts
				(b) Number of Speakers
				(c) Residency of Speakers
				(d) Media
		§ 5.4 AT THE HEARING
			§ 5.4.1 What to Expect
			§ 5.4.2 Procedures at a Hearing
				(a) Length of a Hearing
				(b) Order of Testimony
		§ 5.5 WHAT TO DO AFTER THE HEARING
			§ 5.5.1 The Executive Session
			Various Kinds of Committee Reports
				(a) Report That the Bill Ought to Pass
				(b) Report That the Bill Ought Not to Pass
				(c) Report One Bill on Another
				(d) Study Order
			§ 5.5.3 Committee Voting Procedures
				(a) Simple Majority Votes
				(b) Dissensions
			§ 5.5.4 Reporting Deadlines: Joint and Standing Committees
		§ 5.6 FROM THE COMMITTEE TO THE FLOOR
		EXHIBIT 5A—Sample First Page of Written Testimony by an Expert
Chapter 6
	Floor Action
		§ 6.1 INTRODUCTION
		§ 6.2 THE LEGISLATIVE GAME BOARD: OR, THE THREE-READING PROCESS
			§ 6.2.1 First Reading—Inclusion in the Daily Calendar
			§ 6.2.2 Second Reading—Debate and Amendment
			§ 6.2.3 Review by Committee on Bills in the Third Reading
			§ 6.2.4 Third Reading of the Bill
			§ 6.2.5 Enactment
		§ 6.3 THE DAY-TO-DAY ROUTINE
		§ 6.4 DELIBERATIONS
			§ 6.4.1 Debate
			§ 6.4.2 Voting
				(a) Voice Vote
				(b) Standing Vote
				(c) Roll-Call Vote
			§ 6.4.3 Amendments
			§ 6.4.4 Reconsideration
			§ 6.4.5 Postponement
			§ 6.4.6 Tabling
			§ 6.4.7 Committing or Recommitting a Bill to Committee
			§ 6.4.8 Suspension of the Rules
			§ 6.4.9 Points of Order
			§ 6.4.10 Point of Personal Privilege
			§ 6.4.11 Referral to Supreme Judicial Court
		§ 6.5 THE VOTE
			§ 6.5.1 Version 1
			§ 6.5.2 Version 2
			§ 6.5.3 How Did the Committee to Protect Whales Do It?
			§ 6.5.4 The Question: To Debate or Not to Debate?
			§ 6.5.5 Preparing for a Roll Call
			§ 6.5.6 “D-Day”
		§ 6.6 CONCLUSION
		§ 6.7 THANK YOU’S
		EXHIBIT 6A—Sample Page of House Orders of the Day
Chapter 7
	The Governor
		§ 7.1 WHAT THE GOVERNOR CAN DO
		§ 7.2 HOW THE LEGISLATURE RESPONDS
			§ 7.2.1 If the Governor Vetoes: Voting to Override
			§ 7.2.2 If the Governor Amends
		§ 7.3 LOBBYING THE GOVERNOR
			§ 7.3.1 Who Influences the Governor?
				(a) Staff
				(b) Legislators
				(c) Other Influences
			§ 7.3.2 Pressures on the Governor: Timing and Intensity
		§ 7.4 LOBBYING A VETO AND OVERRIDE
		EXHIBIT 7A—Sample Page from Governor’s Budget Veto Message
Chapter 8
	The Committees on Ways and Means and the State Budget
		§ 8.1 THE COMMITTEES: THEIR MAKEUP AND POWER
			§ 8.1.1 Power of the Ways and Means Chairs
			§ 8.1.2 Committee Members
			§ 8.1.3 Committee Staff
		§ 8.2 THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH: WHERE IT ALL BEGINS
			§ 8.2.1 Fiscal Years
			§ 8.2.2 Agency Hearings
			§ 8.2.3 To the Executive Office Secretariat
			§ 8.2.4 To Administration and Finance
			§ 8.2.5 To the Governor
			§ 8.2.6 The Consensus Revenue Forecast
		§ 8.3 THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: OUT OF THE FRYING PAN, INTO THE FIRE
			§ 8.3.1 The House
				(a) House Version
				(b) House Floor Action
			§ 8.3.2 The Senate
				(a) Senate Version
				(b) Senate Floor Action
			§ 8.3.3 Conference Committee
				(a) Composition
				(b) Function
				(c) Floor Action Again
		§ 8.4 BACK TO THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH: THE GOVERNOR’S DESK
		§ 8.5 LOBBYING THE BUDGET PROCESS
			§ 8.5.1 Review the Budget Closely
			§ 8.5.2 Working with Staff
			§ 8.5.3 Working with Legislators
			§ 8.5.4 The Conference Committee
			§ 8.5.5 The Governor
				(a) Preventing a Veto or Reduction
				(b) If You Are Vetoed
		§ 8.6 OTHER APPROPRIATIONS ACTS
			§ 8.6.1 Supplemental Budgets
			§ 8.6.2 Deficiency Budgets
			§ 8.6.3 Fractional Budgets
		§ 8.7 OTHER KINDS OF BILLS REFERRED TO WAYS AND MEANS
			§ 8.7.1 Why Bills Are Referred to Ways and Means
			§ 8.7.2 Routes to W&M
				(a) From Joint Committees
				(b) Money Bills
		§ 8.8 GETTING A BILL OUT OF W&M
			§ 8.8.1 Facts and Figures
			§ 8.8.2 Political Muscle
			§ 8.8.3 Discharge Procedures
		§ 8.9 THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN: KEEPING A BILL BOTTLED UP
		EXHIBIT 8A—Sample Page from House Ways and Means Budget
Chapter 9
	Using the Media in a Public Policy Campaign
		§ 9.1 OVERVIEW
		§ 9.2 LET’S DEFINE SOME TERMS
			§ 9.2.1 Mainstream Media
			§ 9.2.2 State House–Based Media
			§ 9.2.3 Local Media
			§ 9.2.4 Social Media
			§ 9.2.5 Private State House–Based News Services
				(a) State House News Service
				(b) InstaTrac’s MassTrac Legislative Service
				(c) CommonWealth
				(d) Politico
			§ 9.2.6 Electronic News
				(a) Radio
				(b) Television
			§ 9.2.7 Websites
		§ 9.3 WORKING WITH THE MEDIA TO BUILD POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS WITH POLICY MAKERS
			§ 9.3.1 Keeping Your Message Consistent
				(a) Hero Opportunity Message Tool
				(b) The Famous Four Questions
				(c) The Ask—“How You Can Help”
			§ 9.3.2 Working with National Mainstream Media
			§ 9.3.3 Working with Local Media
				(a) Letters to the Editor
				(b) Opinion Pieces (Op-Eds)
				(c) The Importance of Using Plain Language
			§ 9.3.4 Working with State House–Based Media
				(a) Press Releases
				(b) Press Advisories
				(c) News Conferences
				(d) Reports and Studies
		§ 9.4 SOCIAL MEDIA STRATEGIES
			§ 9.4.1 Developing Your Own Social Media Network
				(a) Social Media Imperative
				(b) Goals for Website and Companion Facebook Page
			§ 9.4.2 Media Strategy When You Are in the Middle of a Major Controversial Issue
		§ 9.5 DEALING WITH REPORTERS
			§ 9.5.1 What Are Reporters Looking for?
				(a) A Newsworthy Story
				(b) News Must Be New
				(c) Beats and Angles
				Interesting Quotes
			§ 9.5.2 How to Give Reporters the Stories They Need
				(a) How to Make Your Issue Newsworthy
				(b) Keeping It Current
				(c) How to Use Beats and Angles
				(d) Put a Human Face on Your Issue
			§ 9.5.3 Maintaining Good Working Relationships with Reporters
				(a) Accuracy and Honesty
				(b) Clarity and Background Information
				(c) Doing the Legwork
				(d) On the Record and Off the Record
				(e) Last but Not Least: Deadlines
		EXHIBIT 9A—Sample Press Release
Chapter 10
	Implementation Blues
		§ 10.1 INTRODUCTION
		§ 10.2 BEFORE YOU BEGIN
			§ 10.2.1 Ninety-Day Bills
			§ 10.2.2 Emergency Measures
				(a) By the Legislature
				(b) By the Governor
			§ 10.2.3 Thirty-Day Bills
			§ 10.2.4 Mixed Subjects
		§ 10.3 ASSESSING THE NEED FOR ACTION
			§ 10.3.1 Identify the Agency and the Person Responsible
			§ 10.3.2 Determine the Need for New Regulations
			§ 10.3.3 Administrative Cost—The Budget
			§ 10.3.4 Organizational Resources
		§ 10.4 MOUNTING AN IMPLEMENTATION CAMPAIGN
			§ 10.4.1 Example 1
			§ 10.4.2 Example 2
			§ 10.4.3 Example 3
		§ 10.5 ELEMENTS OF AN IMPLEMENTATION CAMPAIGN
			§ 10.5.1 Securing an Adequate Budget
			§ 10.5.2 Getting a Good Director and Advisory Board
			§ 10.5.3 Writing Good Regulations
			§ 10.5.4 Odds and Ends
		§ 10.6 ONGOING MONITORING AND SUPPORT
			§ 10.6.1 Monitoring Function
			§ 10.6.2 Supporting Function
			§ 10.6.3 Organizational Considerations
		§ 10.7 CONCLUSION
		EXHIBIT 10A—Sample Regulation Filing with Secretary of State
		EXHIBIT 10B—Sample Page of Regulation Text
Appendix
	Lobbying—Some Legal Considerations
		§ A.1 OVERVIEW
		§ A.2 TAX EXEMPTION
		§ A.3 FOUNDATION GRANT RESTRICTIONS
		§ A.4 GOVERNMENT FUNDING RESTRICTIONS
		§ A.5 REGISTERING AS A LEGISLATIVE AGENT OR EXECUTIVE AGENT IN MASSACHUSETTS
Index
	B
	C
	G
	L
	M
	P