Live Well, Live Long: A Lifetime of Healthy Living

Title page......Page 3
Contents......Page 5
Foreword......Page 11
Acknowledgements......Page 12
Introduction......Page 13
Part 1 Preventing illness - the basics......Page 17
Identifying preventable adult illnesses......Page 19
Burden of disease......Page 20
The least you need to do......Page 23
Choosing your family doctor......Page 27
Identifying preventable childhood illness......Page 28
Health in Indigenous people......Page 35
Health in overseas-born people......Page 37
Health in rural and remote communities......Page 38
Health in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups......Page 39
The problem - achieving change......Page 41
Behavioural patterns that make change difficult......Page 43
The stages involved in changing lifestyle behaviours......Page 44
Can your practitioner provide quality treatment that works?......Page 49
A reasonable fee for the consultation......Page 50
What evidence is there that the treatment is beneficial?......Page 51
Medication labels......Page 52
Part 2 Mental Health......Page 53
Relationships - an integral part of mental health......Page 55
The art of ageing well - self-worth and achievement......Page 62
Adolescent risk-taking......Page 66
Sleep and tiredness......Page 70
Stress......Page 74
Mental illness......Page 78
Anxiety disorders......Page 79
Depression......Page 84
Suicide prevention......Page 91
Schizophrenia......Page 95
Harmful effects of alcohol......Page 97
Illicit substance use and abuse......Page 109
Part 3 Nutrition and illness prevention......Page 119
Body energy imbalance - a major health dilemma......Page 121
Fat - the danger in our diets......Page 123
Carbohydrates and low-glycaemic index foods......Page 133
Fibre in the diet......Page 135
Micronutrients and other useful compounds......Page 137
Vegetarian diets......Page 140
Caffeine......Page 141
Organic foods, pesticides and food additives......Page 142
Herbal and natural remedies......Page 143
Consumer food information......Page 144
Dietary recommendations to prevent cancer......Page 146
Vegetables and cancer reduction......Page 147
Food and bowel cancer......Page 151
Food and prostate cancer reduction......Page 153
Other dietary influences on cancer......Page 154
Part 4 Obesity and physical inactivity......Page 157
What is it and how does it affect us?......Page 159
Prevention of obesity......Page 164
Causes and principles of treatment......Page 166
Diets - do they work and which is best?......Page 173
Achieving change in eating habits......Page 183
Childhood obesity......Page 194
A family problem, not a problem with the child......Page 196
When weight loss goes too far - anorexia and bulimia......Page 200
Physical inactivity......Page 202
Benefits of physical activity......Page 203
Preventing injury from exercise......Page 204
Planning your exercise modification program......Page 205
Physical activity for children and the elderly......Page 210
Part 5 Preventing heart attacks and strokes......Page 213
The casue of raised blood lipids......Page 232
Investigating blood lipids......Page 234
Reducing blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels......Page 236
Hypertension (high blood pressure)......Page 242
Prevention of hypertension......Page 243
Treatment of hypertension......Page 247
What is diabetes?......Page 249
Diabetic complications......Page 252
Prevention of type 2 diabetes......Page 253
Raised homocysteine levels......Page 259
Antioxidants......Page 260
Alcohol......Page 261
Beneficial dietary influences on vascular disease......Page 262
An outline of the vascular system......Page 215
What is vascular disease?......Page 216
Heart attacks and angina......Page 220
Risk factors for vascular disease......Page 223
Strokes......Page 230
Part 6 Cancer prevention......Page 263
Death and disability from cancer......Page 265
Preventing the initiation of cancer......Page 267
Medical intervention......Page 268
Cancer and diet......Page 270
Prevention of lung and other smoking-related cancers......Page 271
Genetic predisposition to nicotine addiction......Page 274
Quitting smoking......Page 275
Smoking prevention......Page 281
The future - screening for lung cancer......Page 282
Diet and bowel cancer......Page 284
Screening people at normal risk of bowel cancer......Page 285
Screening people at higher risk of bowel cancer......Page 287
Recognising possible bowel cancer symptoms......Page 289
Breast cancer initiation......Page 291
Breast cancer genes......Page 293
Breast cancer prevention......Page 294
Screening using mammograms......Page 296
Cervical cancer......Page 299
Pap smears as prevention......Page 300
Screening techniques for detecting HPV......Page 303
Types of skin cancer......Page 305
Preventing skin cancers......Page 307
UV light and sunglasses......Page 310
Diet and prostate cancer......Page 312
Screening for prostate cancer by Prostatic Specific Antigen testing......Page 313
Part 7 Other preventative health issues for women......Page 317
The decision to become pregnant......Page 319
The pre-pregnancy consultation......Page 320
Foetal genetic abnormalities......Page 321
Other preventative health issues......Page 324
Older mothers......Page 326
Urinary incontinence in women......Page 327
Risk factors for incontinence......Page 328
Prevention and treatment of incontinence......Page 329
Menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT)......Page 334
Disadvantages/health risks of HRT......Page 335
Other treatments for menopause......Page 339
Part 8 Osteoporosis, injuries, asthmas and other preventative health issues......Page 341
Osteoporosis......Page 343
Osteoporosis risk factors......Page 345
Diagnosing osteoporosis......Page 347
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis......Page 348
Fall prevention......Page 352
Childhood accidents and injuries......Page 356
Adult accidents and injuries......Page 362
Asthma......Page 366
Asbestos and other work-related causes of lung disease......Page 372
Screening for kidney disease......Page 374
Determining kidney function......Page 375
Adult-onset hearing impairment......Page 377
Preventing hearing loss......Page 379
Chronic glaucoma - a silent cause of blindness......Page 380
Immunisation......Page 382
Sexually transmitted diseases......Page 385
HIV/AIDS......Page 386
Prevention of hepatitis B......Page 387
Prevention of hepatitis C......Page 388
Dental caries......Page 389
Appendices......Page 391
Appendix 1 Quantifying the effects of illness - the \'burden of illness\'......Page 393
Appendix 2 Evidence-based medicine......Page 395
Appendix 3 Major foods contributing to fat intake......Page 398
Appendix 4 Developmental milestones in children......Page 402
Appendix 5 Major foods contributing to iron and zinc intake......Page 403
Appendix 6 A list of low glycaemic index (GI) foods (also low fat)......Page 404
Appendix 7 BMI weight chart......Page 405
Appendix 8 The evolution of vascular disease......Page 406
Appendix 9 Dietary and other factors that influence vascular lesion formation......Page 407
Appendix 10 Diagnosing diabetes by testing blood sugars......Page 408
Appendix 11 New Zealand cardiovascular disease risk calculator......Page 409
Appendix 12 Cholesterol in the body......Page 412
Appendix 13 Antioxidants in food......Page 413
Appendix 14 Control of LDL levels by dietary acids......Page 414
Glossary......Page 417
References......Page 422
Index......Page 425