Lipoxygenase and lipoxygenase pathway enzymes

Lipoxygenase and Lipoxygenase Pathway Enzymes......Page 1
Preface......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Introduction......Page 6
Overall Structure......Page 7
Coordination of the Iron......Page 8
Internal Cavities......Page 12
Structure-Based Sequence Alignment......Page 13
Four Regions of Conserved Residues......Page 17
The Role of Residue H494......Page 22
The Role of Residue N694......Page 24
Positional Specificity in 12- and 15-Lipoxygenases......Page 25
Model of Lipoxygenase Specificity......Page 29
Mechanism of Lipoxygenases......Page 33
References......Page 34
Lipoxygenase Characteristics......Page 38
References......Page 41
Introduction......Page 44
Molecular Cloning of Lipoxygenases Expressed in Seed......Page 45
Molecular Basis of Seed Lipoxygenase Deficiencies......Page 46
Expression of Lipoxygenase Genes in Vegetative Tissues......Page 49
Lipoxygenase Genes Expressed in Seeds and Seedlings......Page 53
A Novel Lipoxygenase Involved in Plant Defense......Page 54
Other Plant Lipoxygenase Genes......Page 57
References......Page 58
Introduction......Page 61
Catalytic Mechanism......Page 63
Iron-Binding Ligands......Page 67
Positional Specificity......Page 73
Conclusion......Page 79
References......Page 80
Autoxidation......Page 84
Singlet Dioxygen......Page 85
Structure and Reactivity of the Iron Site......Page 86
The Structure of the Fatty Acid Intermediate......Page 87
Purple Lipoxygenase......Page 88
Fatty Acid Alkyl Radicals......Page 89
Location of the Fatty Acid Radicals in Purple Lipoxygenase......Page 93
Mechanistic Relevance of Fatty Acid Radicals in Purple Lipoxygenase......Page 94
Conclusion......Page 96
References......Page 97
Introduction......Page 99
Viscosity Dependence......Page 100
Viscosity Studies at 37 and 5°C......Page 103
Solvent-Isotope Effects......Page 104
Oxygen Chemistry......Page 105
Order of Substrate Binding......Page 107
Does Free Lipoxygenase Bind Dioxygen......Page 115
Conclusion......Page 116
References......Page 118
Introduction......Page 120
10-Undecynoic Acid 6......Page 122
1,1-Dideutero-2-octyn-1-ol 11......Page 124
[11,11-2H2] Linoleic Acid......Page 125
Isotope Effect Measurement by Internal Competition......Page 126
Magnetic Field Dependence of Kinetic Parameters......Page 128
Kinetic Isotope Effects......Page 129
Magnetic Field Effect and Magnetic Isotope Effect Studies......Page 131
Magnetic Field Effect Studies......Page 133
Kinetic Isotope Effect Studies......Page 135
Theory of Amplified KIE from Branching Reactions......Page 138
Branching in Soybean Lipoxygenase......Page 139
References......Page 140
Introduction......Page 142
The Peroxygenase......Page 143
Molecular Mechanism of the Peroxygenase......Page 144
Specificity, Regio- and Stereoselectivity of the Peroxygenase......Page 148
The Epoxide Hydrolase......Page 150
Some Characteristics and Specificities of Plant Epoxide Hydrolases......Page 151
Enantioselectivity and Stereospecificity of the Epoxide Hydrolase......Page 152
Possible Physiological Roles of the Peroxygenase Pathway......Page 155
Biosynthesis of Cutin Monomers......Page 156
Biosynthesis of Antifungal Compounds......Page 158
Detoxication Mechanisms......Page 161
Conclusions......Page 162
References......Page 163
Soybean Seed Lipoxygenase......Page 166
Chain Cleavage Catalyzed by LOX......Page 167
Allene Oxide Synthase......Page 171
Hydroperoxide Lyase Cascade......Page 174
Physiological Significance......Page 176
References......Page 177
Lipoxygenase......Page 180
What Happens to LOX Activity on Infection?......Page 181
Tomato......Page 183
French Bean and Other Legumes......Page 185
Rice......Page 187
Potato......Page 188
The Hypersensitive Reaction and Associated Plant Defense Responses......Page 189
Metabolites Affecting the Plant......Page 192
Metabolites Affecting Pathogens......Page 195
Conclusions......Page 196
References......Page 197
Practical Problems Associated with the Use of Free Lipoxygenase......Page 202
Immobilization of Lipoxygenase......Page 203
Catalytic Properties of Immobilized Lipoxygenase......Page 204
Action of Lipoxygenase upon Linoleate Esters......Page 206
References......Page 211
Introduction......Page 213
Soymilk Results......Page 217
Traditional Soymilk and Tofu Preparation Using a Commercial Japanese Automated System......Page 219
Instrumental Analysis......Page 220
Results......Page 221
Utilization of Dried Soymilk and Tofu as Ingredients in Meat Products......Page 223
Conclusions......Page 225
References......Page 227