Linguistic Theory and Empirical Evidence

Editorial page......Page 3
Title page......Page 4
Copyright page
......Page 5
Table of contents......Page 6
1. Introduction......Page 8
2. Validation in linguistics......Page 9
3. Characteristics of objectively observable testing......Page 12
4. Conclusion: This volume......Page 17
References......Page 20
Part I Independent evidence in grammar......Page 22
1. Introduction......Page 24
2. Recent studies......Page 25
3. Hypothesis......Page 26
4. Communicative strategies of the use of the Indicative and the Subjunctive......Page 28
4.1 The French occurrence system and the encoder’s commitment......Page 29
4.2 The occurrence system and a departure from the norm......Page 32
5.2 “From sign to text” approach......Page 35
5.3 Antigone......Page 37
5.4 “From text to sign” approach......Page 42
5.5 Le Malentendu (The misunderstanding)......Page 44
6. Summary and conclusions......Page 48
References......Page 49
Corpus......Page 50
Semantic regularities of the so-called irregular Internal Vowel Alternation (IVA) nominal (umlaut) and verbal (ablaut) forms in Old and Modern English......Page 52
1. Introduction......Page 53
2. IVA through the sign-oriented perspective......Page 54
3. Historical background......Page 57
4. Phonological systematization of IVA in nominal plural forms......Page 59
5. The semantically marked feature of IVA noun plurals......Page 61
6. The phonological systematization of IVA in verbal past tense forms......Page 65
7. The semantically marked features of IVA verbal past tense forms......Page 71
8. Summary and conclusions......Page 84
References......Page 85
1. Introduction......Page 90
2. Some theoretical considerations......Page 91
3. The forms and their meanings......Page 93
5.1 Distance of the alternating forms with respect to the beginning of the clause, and with respect to the inflected verb......Page 94
5.2 Transitivity of the alternating forms......Page 96
5.3 Contexts neutral to variation......Page 99
6. Discussion and conclusion......Page 101
References......Page 102
Instructional meanings, iconicity, and l’arbitraire du signe in the analysis of the Afrikaans demonstratives......Page 104
1. Introduction: On instructional meanings......Page 105
2. The Afrikaans demonstratives: Forms and uses......Page 107
3.1 The hypothesis......Page 110
3.2 One dié or two......Page 112
3.3 How dié can communicate proximity without explicitly signaling it......Page 115
3.4 More on the opposition between hierdie and dié......Page 118
4. Quantitative data on the use of the demonstratives in discourse......Page 120
5. Additional qualitative data......Page 129
6. Alternative analyses......Page 133
6.1 Peeling off prosody but retaining deixis......Page 134
6.2 Peeling off prosody and rejecting deixis......Page 135
6.3 Keeping prosody but splitting adjective and pronoun......Page 138
7. Theoretical considerations and conclusions......Page 139
References......Page 141
Afrikaans corpora and published translations......Page 144
1. Introduction......Page 146
2. Previous studies......Page 147
2.1 The speaker’s intentional action to get the agent’s help......Page 148
2.2 The rationality of politeness interpretation......Page 151
2.3 Common feature in morau, passive, and causative......Page 152
3. Present study and postulated model......Page 157
3.1 Testing the validity of the model: Quantitative analysis......Page 159
3.2 Testing the validity of the model: Qualitative analysis......Page 165
4. Conclusion......Page 168
References......Page 169
Grammar books......Page 170
Appendix......Page 171
Part II Phonology as human behavior......Page 174
1. The theory: Phonology as human behavior (PHB)......Page 176
1.2 Viewing phonetics/phonology as human behavior......Page 177
1.3 The fundamental analytic position of PHB......Page 180
2. Quantitative results and principles obtained from the theory......Page 181
3. Developmental and clinical phonology: Natural phonology versus PHB......Page 182
4.1 PHB: From phonology to the lexicon......Page 183
5.1 Inflectional phonology in English......Page 186
6. PHB and evolutionary phonology......Page 187
7. Summary and conclusions......Page 196
References......Page 197
1. Introduction......Page 204
2. Experimental design......Page 205
4.1 Declarative sentences......Page 206
4.2 Wh-questions......Page 209
4.3 Exclamatory sentences......Page 213
5. Analysis of the data according to the Theory of Phonology as Human Behavior (PHB)......Page 215
6. Prosody and the Theory of Phonology as Human Behavior......Page 216
6.1 The components of prosody and the theory of PHB......Page 217
7. Conclusions......Page 222
References......Page 223
1. Introduction......Page 226
2. The speech of the hearing impaired......Page 228
3. Phonology as human behavior (PHB)......Page 229
4. PHB and hearing – impaired speech......Page 230
5.1 Study participants......Page 231
5.2 Methods......Page 232
5.3 Results......Page 233
6. Summary and conclusions......Page 245
References......Page 246
1. Introduction......Page 252
2. Methods......Page 254
3. Results......Page 255
4. Discussion......Page 262
5. Conclusions......Page 269
References......Page 270
1. Introduction......Page 274
2. The distribution of monosyllabic, bisyllabic and polysyllabic words......Page 279
3. Additional articulators in word-initial position......Page 281
4. Distribution of phonemes of constriction in word-initial position with reference to active articulators......Page 286
5. The distribution of the explosive mobile phonemes......Page 288
6. The distribution of the consonant clusters [R+Consonant] or [Consonant +R] and [Vowel+R+Vowel] or [R+Vowel]......Page 289
7. Conclusions......Page 291
Lexicon of the Natural......Page 292
Lexicon of the Supernatural......Page 293
Lexicon of both the Natural and the Supernatural......Page 295
References......Page 296
Corpus......Page 298
Name index......Page 300
Subject index......Page 302