Limited Views: Essays on Ideas and Letters

ESSAYS ON IDEAS AND LETTERS BY QIAN ZHONGSHU
CONTENTS
Introduction
Part I General Issues in Aesthetics and Criticism
	The Meaning Surpasses the Image
	Worldly Frustration and Literary Composition
	Personal Conduct and Literary Style
	Poetic Landscapes and Fidelity to Nature
	The Corruption of Consciousness
	The Writer as Critic
	Sadness as the Primary Value in Music
	Saddened by a Height
	Complex Emotions in Literature
	The Origins of\"Delighting the Mind\" in Landscape
	Script and Nature, Script and Painting
	\"Resonance\" in Criticism on the Arts
		The Misreading of Xie He\'s \"Six Canons\"
		The Early History of the Concept
		Resonance and Concealment
		A Lost Twelfth-Century Treatise
		From Music to the Literary and Visual Arts
Part II Metaphor, Image, and the Psychology of Perception
	Metaphors Have Two Handles and Several Sides
	\"Human Life Is Like Ice\"
	Imagery in the Changes and the Songs
	Gifts with Symbolic Meanings
	Reverse Symbolism
	The Domesticating Metaphor
	Inflated Language
	Synaesthesia
	Constant Qualities, Variant Perceptions
	The Name but Not the Reality
	Impossible Tropes
	On Not Recognizing Mirrors
	Using Sound to Emphasize Silence
	The Motif of the Other Shore
Part III Semantics and Literary Stylistics
	The Hermeneutic Circle
	Characters with Multiple Meanings Used Simultaneously
	Dialectics in Words and Emotions
	Chiasmus
	Quoting Out of Context
	Degrees of Grammaticalness
	Poetic Conventions and the Problem of Distorted Meaning
	\"Difficulty\" in Prose Style
	Literary Style and the Detection of Forgeries
	A Defense of Parallel Prose
	Literary Writing and Utilitarian Prose
	Event and Background in Early Historical Writings
Part IV On \"Laozi,\" with Reference to Buddhism and Other Mystical Philosophies
	The Way and Names
	The Insights and Myopia of Mystical Philosophies
	Heaven and Earth Are Inhuman, the Sage Is Inhuman
	The Body as a Source of Trouble
	Modeling Oneself on Nature
	Fallacia Divisionis
	On Not Speaking While Speaking
	Right Words Look Like Contradictions
Part V The Demonic and the Divine
	Fate Versus Divine Justice
	Ghosts and Gods
		Inconsistencies in The Zuo Commentary
		Nomenclature: \"Ghost,\" \"Daemon,\" and \"Heaven\"
		God on High and the King of Zhou
		Ghosts and Daemons Are neither All-Seeing nor Just
	Witchcraft
	More Joy on Earth than in Heaven
	Time in Heaven, Earth, and Hell
	Rebuking Heaven
	Ghosts That Die
	\"Born from a Brush\" and \"Killed by a Painting\"
	Poets in Hell
Part VI Society and Thought
	Stupefying the People
	Critiques of\"Driving Out the Foreigners\"
	The Concepts \"Chinese\" and \"Barbarian\"
	Giving Books to the Barbarians
	The Sage Does Not Experience Emotion
	Marriage and Fate
	Rivalry Between Shamans and Doctors
	Monks and Lice
	Vegetarians with Impure Minds
	Tears at Partings
Reference Matter
	Works Cited
Finding List
Index of Proper Names, Titles, and Terms
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