Lighting control-technology and applications

Front Cover......Page 1
Lighting Control – Technology and Applications......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Trade marks and disclaimer......Page 8
Acknowledgements......Page 9
Preface......Page 10
1.1	Electricity......Page 12
1.2	Electrical units and components......Page 15
1.3	Electrical distribution......Page 26
1.4	Power factor......Page 35
1.5 Control of electric power......Page 40
1.6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)......Page 47
1.7 Light......Page 50
1.8 The eye, how we see light......Page 55
1.9 Measurement of light......Page 56
1.10 Color......Page 61
1.11 Measurement of color......Page 64
2.1 Electronic principles......Page 69
2.2 The diode......Page 74
2.3 The transistor......Page 79
2.4 The thyristor, triac and GTO......Page 92
2.5 Analog and digital......Page 96
2.6 The integrated circuit and ASIC......Page 104
2.7 The microprocessor......Page 113
2.8 Programmable devices......Page 121
3.1 Non-electric lighting......Page 123
3.2 The incandescent lamp......Page 124
3.3 Tungsten halogen lamps......Page 126
3.4 The fluorescent lamp......Page 130
3.5 Compact fluorescent lamps......Page 134
3.6 Special purpose fluorescent lamps......Page 135
4.2 Mercury vapor lamps......Page 141
4.3 Sodium and high pressure sodium lamps......Page 144
4.4 Metal halide lamps......Page 147
4.5 Compact source metal halide lamps......Page 149
4.6 High pressure mercury vapor lamps......Page 150
4.7 Xenon arc lamps......Page 151
4.8 Arc lamp classification......Page 152
5.1 Induction lamps......Page 155
5.2 Flat lamps......Page 159
5.3 Neon lamps......Page 160
5.4 Electroluminescent lamps......Page 162
5.5 Light emitting diodes (LEDs)......Page 164
5.6 Lasers......Page 170
5.7 Ultra-violet lamps......Page 173
5.8 Infra-red lamps......Page 174
5.9 Flash tubes......Page 175
5.10 Fiber optics and lightguides......Page 177
5.11 Video displays as lightsources......Page 182
6.1 Principles of transformers and inductors......Page 183
6.2 Transformers for lighting......Page 197
6.3 Ballasts for fluorescent lamps......Page 203
6.4 Ballasts for HID and arc lamps......Page 215
6.5 Ignitors and starters......Page 218
6.6 Lighting control by transformers and ballasts......Page 221
6.7 Power factor correction......Page 222
7.1 Circuit elements......Page 226
7.2 Electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps......Page 230
7.3 Electronic ballasts for HID and arc lamps......Page 253
7.4 Electronic transformers......Page 256
7.5 Lighting control by electronic transformers and ballasts......Page 259
8.1 Introduction to dimmers......Page 261
8.2 Non-electronic dimming......Page 263
8.3 Thyristor and triac dimmers......Page 268
8.4 Transistor dimmers......Page 280
8.5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)......Page 283
8.6 New developments in electronic dimming......Page 287
9.2 Analog control......Page 291
9.3 Digital control......Page 294
9.4 Standard protocols for lighting control......Page 299
9.5 Networks and buses......Page 314
9.6 Computers in lighting control......Page 343
9.7 Cordless control......Page 345
10.1 The practical role......Page 354
10.2 The esthetic role......Page 355
10.3 The energy management role......Page 356
10.4 Influence of legislation......Page 359
10.5 Lighting design......Page 362
11.1 Basis of stage lighting control......Page 364
11.2 Simple multichannel controls for entertainment......Page 365
11.3 Memory consoles......Page 367
11.4 Live versus automatic......Page 373
11.5 Control of moving lights......Page 374
11.6 Control of color......Page 381
11.7 Large scale entertainment lighting control......Page 383
12.1 "Setting the scene"......Page 385
12.2 Manual versus automatic control......Page 386
12.3 Single channel control......Page 387
12.4 Small multi-channel control systems......Page 388
12.5 Large multi-channel control systems......Page 392
12.6 Switching systems......Page 394
12.7 Centralized versus distributed systems......Page 401
12.8 Emergency and safety......Page 402
13.1 User demands and the influence of designers......Page 407
13.2 Automatic lighting control in public shows and public areas......Page 409
13.3 Control of exterior lighting......Page 411
14.1 Principles......Page 413
14.2 Sensors and timers......Page 414
14.3 Switching versus dimming, control algorithms......Page 423
14.6 Power quality......Page 428
14.8 Monitoring systems......Page 429
15.1 The home......Page 431
15.2 Integrated home control systems......Page 439
15.3 The workplace......Page 442
15.4 Meeting rooms, conference centers, and auditoria......Page 447
15.5 Places of worship......Page 458
15.6 Museums, art galleries and libraries......Page 460
15.7 Visitor centers and exhibitions......Page 465
15.8 Hotels, hospitals and institutions......Page 470
15.9 Restaurants, bars and pubs......Page 474
15.10 Illuminated signs......Page 475
16.1 Retail spaces......Page 480
16.2 Agriculture and horticulture......Page 483
16.3 Manufacturing processes......Page 484
16.4 Healthcare......Page 485
16.5 Simulation......Page 486
16.6 On water......Page 487
16.7 In the air......Page 492
16.8 On the road......Page 501
16.9 On railways......Page 516
16.10 Control rooms......Page 519
17.1 Small stages......Page 521
17.2 Large stages......Page 525
17.3 Television......Page 531
17.4 Touring shows......Page 535
17.5 Outdoor shows, Son et Lumière, pyrotechnics......Page 537
17.6 Stadia, arenas, sporting facilities......Page 545
17.7 Theme parks......Page 550
17.8 Entertainment within retail......Page 553
17.9 Discotheques, dancefloors and clubs......Page 555
17.10 Conclusion......Page 557
Some suggestions for further reading......Page 558
Table of acronyms......Page 561
Index......Page 563