Light Metals 2020

Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Program Organizers
Aluminum Committee 2019–2023
Part I  Alumina and Bauxite
1  Impacts of Mineralogy on Soluble Phosphorus Concentrations During Low Temperature Processing of Jamaican Bauxites
2  Effects of the Granular Properties of Bauxite Pisolithes on the Solid/Liquid Separation in Liquid Fluidized Beds of Classifiers
3  Mineralogical Assessment of the Solid Phase Obtained on Leaching of Brazilian Red Mud
4  Low-Quality Aluminum-Containing Raw Materials: Experience, Problems and Prospects
5  Inhibition of Kaolinite Dissolution in Bayer Liquor Through Lithium Addition
6  Ionic Effect of NaCl and KCl on the Flotation of Diaspore and Kaolinite Using Sodium Oleate as Collector
7  Quantifying the Effect of Seeds on Gibbsite Crystallization—Mathematical Modelling of Particle Size Distribution
8  Experimental Study on Flow Field Characteristics in Seed Precipitation Tank and Influence on Physical Properties of Al(OH)₃ Products
9  Application of Advanced Oxidative Process for Organic Compounds Removal from Bayer Liquor
10 
A Review of Comprehensive Utilization of High-Iron Red Mud of China
11  Conversion Behavior of Iron-Containing Minerals in the Process of Dissolving High-Iron Bauxite by Starch Hydrothermal Method
12  Disc Magnetic Separator Applied to the Extraction of Magnetite in Bauxite Residue
13  Recovery of Iron from High-Iron Bayer Red Mud by Smelting Reduction
14  Bayer Process Towards the Circular Economy—Metal Recovery from Bauxite Residue
15  Bayer Process Towards the Circular Economy—Soil Conditioners from Bauxite Residue
16  Brazilian Bauxite Residue Physical–Chemical Characterization and Acidic Neutralization Potential
17  Effect of Concentrations and Pressures of CO₂ on Calcification–Carbonation Treatment of Bauxite Residue
18 
Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud Through the Recovery of Valuable Metals and Reuse of the Residue
19  A Review of Research on Alumina Extraction from High-Alumina Fly Ash and a New Method for Preparing Alumina by Electrotransformation
20  Effect of Sodium Alkali Concentration on Calcification–Carbonization Process
Part II  Aluminum Alloys, Processing and Characterization
21  Stress Characterization of Bore-Chilled Sand Cast Aluminum Engine Blocks in As-Cast and T7 Condition with Application of Neutron Diffraction
22  Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Solidification of Pure Aluminium
23  Nanoindentation and Cavitation-Induced Fragmentation Study of Primary Al₃Zr Intermetallics Formed in Al Alloys
24  In Situ Neutron Diffraction Solidification Analyses of Rare Earth Reinforced Hypoeutectic and Hypereutectic Aluminum–Silicon Alloys
25  Influence of TiB₂ Particles on Modification of Mg₂Si Eutectic Phase in Al–Zn–Si–Mg–Cu Cast Alloys
26  A Statistical Analysis to Study the Effect of Silicon Content, Surface Roughness, Droplet Size and Elapsed Time on Wettability of Hypoeutectic Cast Aluminum–Silicon Alloys
27  Aluminum Trace Elements Analyses Using Epsilon 1 Meso EDXRF Technique
28  Effect of Cooling Rate During Solidification of Aluminum–Chromium Alloy
29  Effects of Si on the Electrical Conductivity, Microhardness, Microstructure and Hot Tearing of Al–0.8Fe–0.5Mg–0.4Ni Alloys
30  The Efficacy of Replacing Metallic Cerium in Aluminum–Cerium Alloys with LREE Mischmetal
31  Effects of Sc and Y on the As-Cast Microstructure of AA6086
32  Ternary Interactions and Implications for Third Element Alloying Potency in Al–Ce-Based Alloys
33  Development and Analysis of Al7075 Alloy Materials Using Press and Sinter Processing
34  Formation of Rare Earth Intermetallics in Al–Cu Cast Alloys
35  Retrogression Forming and Reaging of AA7075-T6 Alclad to Produce Stampings with Peak Strength
36  High Cycle Fatigue Properties of the Zr-Modified Al–Si–Cu–Mg Alloy at Elevated Temperatures
37  Effect of Mo on Elevated-Temperature Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Al-Si 356 Cast Alloy
38  State Parameter-Based Simulation of Temperature- and Strain Rate Dependent Flow Curves of Al-Alloys
39  Coarsening-Resistance of a Severely Deformed Al-0.2 Wt% Sc Alloy
40  The Effect of Modified Strain-Induced Melt Activation (Modified SIMA) Process on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-7Si Alloy
41  Effect of Mg on Flow Behavior of Al–Mg Alloys and Its Constitutive Modeling Using Finite Element Analysis
42  Influence of Thermal Treatment and Design Parameters on the Fatigue Life of Automotive Control Arm Fabricated from A357 Semi-solid Alloy
43  The Formation of Al₆(Fe, Mn) Phase in Die-Cast Al–Mg Alloys
44  Spark Plasma Sintering of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Aluminium 6061 Alloy Composites
45  Effects of Mn and Mo Micro-additions on Al–Zr–Sc–Er–Si Mechanical Properties
46  Nanotreating High-Zinc Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy by TiC Nanoparticles
47  Microstructure and Mechanical Response of an Artificially Aged Al–Mg–Si Alloy: Experiments and Modeling
48  Effect of Zn Additions on the Mechanical Properties of High Strength Al–Si–Mg–Cu Alloys
49  Utilization of 3D Printed Materials in Expendable Pattern Casting Process
50  Hemming Evolution of 6xxx Aluminum Alloys in the Course of Natural Aging Following the Continuous Annealing
51  The Effect of Deformation Mode and Microstructure on the IGC Susceptibility of Al–Mg–Si–Cu Alloys for Automotive Applications
52  Evolution of Grain Refinement in AA5083 Sheet Metal Processed by ECAP
53  Mechanical and Microstructural Behavior of Dissimilar AA2014-T6 and AA7075-T6 Aluminium Alloys Joined by Friction Stir Welding
54  High Strength Nanotreated Filler Material for TIG Welding of AA6061
55  Optimization of Thermo-Mechanical Processes of Continuous Casting Products Using High Magnesium Aluminum Alloys in Automotive Industry Applications
56  Plastic Flow of AA6013-T6 at Elevated Temperatures and Subsequent Reaging to Regain Full Strength
57  Influence of Chemical Composition and Pre-deformation on the Age-Hardening Response of Al-Mg-Si Alloys
58  Hot Deformation and Die-Quenching of 6000-Series Alloys—The Effect of Quench-Interruption Temperature
59  Descriptors and Predictors: New Tools for the Predictive Modelling of Production Paths and the Properties of Aluminum-Based End-Products
60  Effect of Extrusion Parameters on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of EN AW 6063
61  Simulation Study on Equal Channel Right Angular Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy 6061
62  Characterization of Dynamic Material Property of AlSi10 Mg Aluminum Alloy Under High Strain Rate Compressive Loading
63  Current Efficiency for Direct Production of an Aluminium–Titanium Alloy by Electrolysis in a Laboratory Cell
64  Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Aloe Saponaria Gel on the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum
65  Experimental Investigation of MgAl₂O₄ Spinel Formation in Oxidation of Al–Mg Alloys
66  Impact of Dispersion Hardening by Alumina Nano Particles on Mechanical Properties of Al 1100
67  Investigation of Temperature Variation During Friction Drilling of 6082 and 7075 Al-Alloys
68  Study on the Anti-EMF of Al-Er Master Alloy Prepared by Er₂O₃ as Erbium Source
Part III  Aluminum Reduction Technology
69  Comparison Between Different Laminated Aluminum Busbars Expansion Joints in Terms of Mechanical Performance and Relative Costs
70  Demo Retrofit Study of a Chinese Inspired Cell Technology
71  Mass Transport by Waves on the Bath Metal Interface in Electrolysis Cell
72  Numerical Investigation of Flow Field Effect on Ledge Shape in Aluminum Reduction Cell by Coupled Thermo-Flow Model
73  Study of Heat Distribution Due to ACD Variations for Anode Setting
74  Anodic Incident Detection through Multivariate Analysis of Individual Anode Current Signals
75  Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Alumina Feeding System Using Individual Anode Current Measurement
76  Change of Anode Operation Pattern from Single to Double Staircase at Albras
77  An Advanced Nonlinear Control Approach for Aluminum Reduction Process
78  Model Based Approach for Online Monitoring of Aluminum Production Process
79  Predictive Analytics for Enhancing Productivity of Reduction Cells
80  Restart of Shutdown Pots: Troubles, Solutions and Comparison with Normal Pots to Improve Results
81  Electrochemical Behaviour of Cu-Al Oxygen-Evolving Anodes in Low-Temperature Fluoride Melts and Suspensions
82  Alumina Concentration Measurements in Cryolite Melts
83  The Influence of Polarisation on the Wetting of Graphite in Cryolite-Alumina Melts
84  Oxidation Study of Zinc Sulfite on the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide from Aluminum Electrolysis Flue Gas by Zinc Oxide
85  Electrolysis of Low-temperature Suspensions: An Update
86  Adapting Modern Industrial Operation Parameters in a Standardized Laboratory Cell for Measuring Current Efficiency for Aluminium Deposition: Unexpected Challenges and Lessons Learned
87  Aluminium Smelter Crust—Phase Distribution and Structure Analysis of Top Zone Layer
88  Influence of Anode Cover Material Particle Size Composition on Its Physical Property and Insulation Performance
89  Lab Scale Experiments on Alumina Raft Formation
90  Mass- and Heat Transfer During Dissolution of Alumina
91  The Rate of HF Formation During Addition of Alumina to NaF-AlF₃ Melts
92  Validation of the Gravimetric Method to Properly Follow Alumina Dissolution in Cryolitic Bath
93  Development of a Mathematical Model to Simulate Raft Formation
94  Efficient Alumina Handling
95  Status Analysis of Particle Size Distribution and Attrition Index of the Smelter Grade Alumina
96  The Effect of Hard Scale Deposition on the Wall Heat Flux of a Cold Finger
97  The Application of Intelligent Breaking and Feeding Technology for Aluminium Reduction Pot
98  Reducing the Carbon Footprint: Aluminium Smelting with Changing Energy Systems and the Risk of Carbon Leakage
99  Measurement System for Fugitive Emissions in Primary Aluminium Electrolysis
100  Validation of QCL CF₄ Gas Analyzer for Sensitivity and Selectivity
101  A Laboratory Study of the HF Generation Potential of Particulate Fluorides from Cell Emissions
102  Method Development to Estimate Total Low Voltage and High Voltage PFC Emissions
103  Update on SO₂ Scrubbing Applied in Primary Aluminium Smelters
104  Optimization of a Gas Treatment Center Equipped with Extended Surface Bag Filters
105  Update on the Abart Gas Treatment and Alumina Handling at the Karmøy Technology Pilot
106  The Australian Energy Crisis, Its Impact on Domestic Aluminium Smelting and Potential Solutions
107  Recycling of the Flue Gas from Aluminium Electrolysis Cells
108  Utilization of Waste Heat for Pre-heating of Anodes
109  Toward Minimizing the of Co-evolution of PFC Emission in EGA Smelter
110  Development and Application of GP500+ Energy Saving Aluminum Reduction Cell
Part IV  Cast Shop Technology
111  Hands-Free Casting at AMAG Casting GmbH—It Is Possible!
112  User-Friendly Surveillance Tools to Prevent Bleed-Out During Cast Start
113  Beryllium Reduction Potential in AlMg Cast Alloys
114  Accurate Real-Time Elemental (LIBS) Analysis of Molten Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
115  Industrial Verification of Two Rotor Fluxing in Large Crucibles
116  Dynafeed: An Improved Crucible Transfer System
117  Metal Transfer from Furnace to Furnace—A Case Study
118  Heavily Loaded Areas in Aluminum Melting Furnaces and Possible Refractory Solutions
119  Mold Shape Control for Direct Chill Ingot Casting
120  Continuous Monitoring of Butt Curl Development During DC Casting—Development and Application
121  Constellium’s Mould Technology for Al Alloy Slab DC Casting
122  Fluid Flow Analyses and Meniscus Behavior During the Horizontal Single Belt Casting (HSBC) of Aluminum Alloy AA6111 Strips
123  Effect of Water Flow Distribution on the Performance of Aluminium Small-Form Ingot Chains
124  Small Scale Oxidation Experiments on AlMg Alloys in Various Gas Fired Furnace Atmospheres
125  Study of the Oxidation of an Al-5Mg Alloy in Various Industrial Melting Furnace Atmospheres
126  Batscan™, Constellium In-melt Ultrasonic Inclusion Detector: Industrial Performance
127  Benchmark and Practical Application of State of the Art Hydrogen Monitoring
128  Molten Aluminum Quality Evaluations for Thin Foil Products
129  Industrial Verification of One- and Two-Chamber Siphon Degassing
130  Evaluation of CFF and BPF in Pilot Scale Filtration Tests
131  Dynaprime Filtration Technology Experience at Alcoa Baie-Comeau
132  Improving Ultrasonic Melt Treatment Efficiency Through Flow Management: Acoustic Pressure Measurements and Numerical Simulations
133  Impact of TiB₂ Particle Size Distribution on Grain Refining Effectiveness
134  Effect of Nucleant Particle Size Distribution on the Grain Refining Efficiency of 7xxx Alloys
135  Impact of Transition-Metal Elements on Grain Refiner Performance in AA6061
136  Application Ultrasonic Technology Processing for Aluminum Treatment While Casting Slabs on Industrial Equipment of UC RUSAL
137  Influence of Liquid Jet Stirring and In-Situ Homogenization on the Intermetallics Formation During DC Casting of a 6xxx Al Alloy Rolling Ingot
138  Digital Manufacturing for Foundries 4.0
139  Integrating Fluid Simulation with Virtual Die Casting Machine for Industry 4.0 and Operator Training
140  Numerical Simulation of Wire Rod Casting of AA1370 and AA6101 Alloys
141  Influence of Nozzle Shape on Near-Surface Segregation Formation During Twin-Roll Casting of Aluminum Strips
142  Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Eutectic Phase and Cu Content in the Al Matrix of Large-Scale 2219 Al Alloy Ingot
143  Influence of Alloying Additives on the Electrochemical Behavior of Cast Al-5Zn Alloys
144  Thermal Analysis and Microstructure of Al-12%Si-2.5%Cu-0.4%Mg Cast Alloy with Ce and/or La Rare Earth Metals
145  Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field in 6061 Aluminum Alloy Vertical Twin-Roll Casting Process
Part V  Cast Shop Technology: Recycling and Sustainability Joint Session
146  Constellium R&D Approach in Recycling, From Lab to Industrial Scale
147  Representative Sampling, Fractionation and Melting of Al-Scrap
148  Recycling of Aluminium from Mixed Household Waste
149  An Assessment of Recyclability of Used Aluminium Coffee Capsules
150  Fractional Solidification for Purification of Recycled Aluminium Alloys
151  A Rapid Method of Determining Salt Flux Melting Point and Composition
152  Recovery of Aluminium Metal Using Ultrasonic Technique and Production of Al–Si Hypereutectic Alloys from 6063 Alloy’s Black Dross Using Silicon Lumps and Flux
153  Automatic Skimming Procedure for Reducing Aluminium Losses and Maintaining the Uniform Quality of the Molten Metal
154  Evaluation of the Effect of CO₂ Cover Gas on the Rate of Oxidation of an AlMgSi Alloy
Part VI  Electrode Technology for Aluminum Production
155  The Development of Anode Shape, Size and Assembly Designs—Past, Present and Future Needs
156  10 Years of Anode Research and Development: Alcoa and Université Laval Experience
157  Carbon Anode Raw Materials—Where Is the Cutting Edge?
158  Solids Flow Considerations and Their Impact in Smelter Carbon Plant Operations and Product Quality
159  How to Improve the Environmental Efficiency of the Hall-Heroult Process While Producing and Using Carbon Anodes
160  Trends in Anode Carbon Production Projects
161  Development of a Soft Sensor for Detecting Overpitched Green Anodes
162  Diffusion Measurements of CO₂ Within Carbon Anodes for Aluminium Smelting
163  Testing of SERMA Technology on Industrial Anodes for Quality Control for Aluminum Production
164  Modelling of Gas Injection on Anode Baking Furnace and Application to Operations
165  Higher Baking and Production Levels in Anode Baking Furnaces and Associated Challenges
166  Major Reconstruction of Central Casing of Open Top Baking Furnace with a View to Increase Its Lifespan and Reduce the Total Costs Comparing to Full Reconstruction
167  Regulation and Management of Anode Baking Furnace Production Cycle During Green Anode Crisis
168  Sustainable Spent Pot Line Management Guidance
169  Purification of Graphite by Thermal Vacuum Treatment of Spent Potlining
170  The LCL&L Process: A Sustainable Solution for the Treatment and Recycling of Spent Pot Lining
171  Experimental Study on the Collecting Agent for Spent Potlining Flotation Index Optimization
172  Environmental Benefits of Using Spent Pot Lining (SPL) in Cement Production
173  Characteristic Analysis of Hazardous Waste from Aluminum Reduction Industry
174  Energy Saving in Hall–Héroult Cell by Optimization of Anode Assembly Design
175  High Temperature Creep Behaviour of Carbon-Based Cathode Material for Aluminum Electrolysis
176  Redesigning of Current Carrying Conductor—The Energy Reduction Initiative in Low Amperage Hall-Héroult Cell
177  Ready-to-Use Cathodes for the Hall-Héroult Process
178  Mechanism Understanding of Sodium Penetration into Anthracite Cathodes: A Perspective from Diffusion Coefficients
179  Anhydrous Carbon Pellets—An Engineered CPC Raw Material
180  Influence of Particle Shape and Porosity on the Bulk Density of Anode Grade Petroleum Coke
181  An EXAFS and XANES Study of V, Ni, and Fe Speciation in Cokes for Anodes Used in Aluminum Production
182  Additive Selection for Coal Tar Pitch Modification in Aluminium Industry
183  Charcoal and Use of Green Binder for Use in Carbon Anodes in the Aluminium Industry
Author Index
Subject Index