Life Care Planning and Case Management Across the Lifespan

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Contributors
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Part 1 Historical, Methodological, and Professional Issues and Research in Life Care Planning
	Chapter 1 Life Care Planning: Past, Present, and Future
		Author Note
		History of Life Care Planning
			The 1970s
			The 1980s
			The 1990s
			Life Care Planning in the 2000s
			2011–2022
			Current Life Care Planning Training
			Capital University Law School
			FIG Services, Inc.
			Institute of Rehabilitation and Training (IRET)
			Thomas Jefferson University
		Current Topics of Interest in Life Care Planning
			Life Care Planner Qualifications
			Current Uses of Life Care Plans
			Current Sources of Life Care Planning Data
			Legal Decisions Impacting Life Care Planning
		The Future of Life Care Planning
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 2 Methodology, Scope of Practice, Standards of Practice, and Consensus in Life Care Planning
		Life Care Planning Foundations
		Underlying Principles in Life Care Planning
		Operational Definitions
			Methodology
			Scope of Practice
			Standards of Practice
			Consensus Statements
		Methodology in Life Care Planning
			Phase 1: Determine Purpose
			Phase 2: Review Evidence and Conceptualize Case
			Phase 3: Collect Primary Data
			Phase 4: Research and Data Analysis
			Phase 5: Report Findings
			Last Word On Life Care Planning Methodology
		Lifespan Development in Life Care Planning
			Ecological Model (Bronfenbrenner) in Life Care Planning
		The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health in Life Care Planning
		Scope of Practice in Life Care Planning
		Standards of Practice in Life Care Planning
		Consensus in Life Care Planning
		Work Product Peer Review
			Domain 1: Jurisdiction/System Rules
			Domain 2: Best Practices
			Domain 3: Ethical Guidelines
			Domain 4: Standards of Practice
			Domain 5: Transparency
			Domain 6: Findings/Conclusions/Recommendations
		Emerging Issues Life Care Planning
			Costing
			Assessment: Face-To-Face Vs. Remote
		Summary
		References
		Appendix A: IALCP Standards of Practice for Life Care Planners (4th Ed.)
		STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
		PRACTICE COMPETENCIES
			Case Initiation
			Assessment and Evaluation of an Evaluee
			Analysis and Synthesis to Identify Functioning, Disability, and Health
			Delineating Future Care Recommendations
			Delineating Costs
			Work Product Creation
			Evaluation for Consistency Within the Life Care Plan and Adherence to Standards of Practice
			Education of Consumers/Users of Life Care Plans
			Forensic Application
		Appendix B: Consensus and Majority Statements, 2018 Update and Revision
		Appendix C: An Evaluation Framework for Life Care Plans
	Chapter 3 Research in Life Care Planning
		Fundamentals of Research in Life Care Planning
			Types of Research
		Applying Research to Life Care Planning
		Foundational Documentation and Research
			Role and Function Studies
			Consensus and Majority Statements
			Standards of Practice
		Professional Guidelines of Life Care Planning Practitioners
		Reliability and Validity of Life Care Plans
		Fundamental Principles for Research in Life Care Planning
			Scientific Method and Process
			Step 1: Observe Nature
			Step 2: Pose Questions
			Step 3: Develop Hypotheses
			Step 4: Plan Investigation
			Step 5: Assemble Data
			Step 6: Analyze Data
			Step 7: Document Conclusions
			Step 8: Present Findings
			Step 9: Pose New Questions
		Rules of Evidence
		Practical Statistics for the Life Care Planner
			Usual, Customary, and Reasonable (UCR) and Percentile Costs
			Error Rates
			Probability Vs. Possibility
		Future Directions in Research
		References
	Chapter 4 Credentialing in Life Care Planning
		Credentialing in Life Care Planning
		Qualified Healthcare Provider
		Licensure
		Certification
		Certified Life Care Planner (CLCP™)
			CLCP™ History
			CLCP™ Eligibility
			CLCP™ Exam
			CLCP™ Fees
			CLCP™ Recertification
			CLCP™ Accreditation
		Canadian Certified Life Care Planner (CCLCP™)
		Certified Nurse Life Care Planner (CNLCP®)
			CNLCP® History
			CNLCP® Eligibility
			CNLCP® Exam
			CNLCP® Recertification
			60 CEUs
			CNLCP® Fees
			CNLCP® Accreditation
		Certified Physician Life Care Planner (CPLCP™)
			CPLCP™ History
			CPLCP™ Eligibility
			CPLCP™ Exam
			CPLCP™ Recertification
			CPLCP™ Fees
			CPLCP™ Accreditation
		FIG’s Life Care Planning—Certified (LCP-C)
			LCP-C History
			LCP-C Eligibility
			LCP-C Exam
			LCP-C Recertification
			LCP-C Fees
			LCP-C Accreditation
		Fellow Designation
		Life Care Planning in Litigation
		Conclusion
		Resources
		References
Chapter 5 Ethics in Life Care Planning
	Standards of Care in Life Care Planning
	Moral Vs. Ethics Vs. Legal
	Professional Ethics
	Principle Ethics
	Values’ Clarification
	Elements of Professional Ethics for Life Care Planners
		Professional Discipline Codes
	The Service Role and Relationship: Clinical V. Forensic
	Ethical Decision-Making
	Ethics Guidance in Life Care Planning
	Relationships With Evaluees
		Dual Or Multiple Roles
		Welfare of Those Served
		Respecting Diversity
		Termination and Referral
	Professional Responsibility
		Competency
		Qualifications
	Relationships With Other Professionals
		Respecting Colleagues
	Confidentiality
		Confidentiality, Privilege, and Privacy
		Records
		Remote Assessment
	Legal Issues in Forensic Ethics
	Research and Publications
	Business Practices
		Fees
	Reporting Ethical Violations
	Summary and Conclusion
	Note
	References
Chapter 6 Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Considerations for Life Care Planning
	Foundations of Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Issues in Life Care Planning
	Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Issues in Life Care Planning
		Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures
		Acculturation and Enculturation
		Life Care Planner Cultural Competence
		Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Communication
		Give the Interpreter Time to Relate Information From Both Parties
	Methodological Framework for Cross-Cultural/International Life Care Planning
	Conclusion
	References
Part 2 Life Care Planning Across the Lifespan
	Chapter 7 Pediatric Care Management in Life Care Planning
		Unique Considerations in Pediatric Life Care Planning
		Common Diagnoses in Pediatric Life Care Planning
		Typical Versus Atypical Development
		Developmental Surveillance in Children With Atypical Development
		Neuropsychological Evaluation of Children With Neurological Impairments
		Seizure Activity in Children With Neurological Injury
		Treating Seizure Activity in Children
		Oral Health Concerns Children With Neurological Impairment
		Sialorrhea
		Maintaining Oral Health in Children With Atypical Development
		Nutritional Guidelines for Children With Atypical Development
		Musculoskeletal Considerations in Children With Atypical Development
		Spasticity and Other Movement Disorders
		Neuromuscular Scoliosis
		Hip Dysplasia
		Osteoporosis
		Essential Concepts in Pediatric Medical Equipment and Assistive Technology
		Factors Considered for DME Use
			Medical Diagnosis
			Growth and Aging
			Physical/Psychological Needs
			Additional Concerns
		Major Equipment Categories
			Medical Strollers
			Manual Wheelchairs
			Power Wheelchairs
			Seating and Accessories
			Standers
			Bath Equipment Considerations
			Recreational Equipment
		Assistive Technology
			Communication
			Activities of Daily Living
		Sleep
		Driving
			Orthoses
		Therapy Needs for Children With Neurocognitive and Neuromotor Deficits
		Life Expectancy
		The Role of the Medical Home
		Transition Medical and Legal Services for Adolescents With Special Needs
		Guardianship and Supported Decision-Making
		Long-Term Living Options
			Prescreening Activities
			Contract for Services
		The Pediatric Life Care Planner
		Case Referral
		Medical Records Review
		Supporting Information
		Initial Interview
		Understand Daily Care Requirements
		Team Collaboration
		Research Costs
		Finalizing the Life Care Plan
		Summary
		Key Points for Life Care Planners
		Note
		References
	Chapter 8 Elder Care Management in Life Care Planning
		The Role of the Life Care Manager
		Benefits of Care Management
		Kinds of Patients and Problems Usually Seen and Addressed
		Methodology: Learn-Create-Manage
		Learn About the Situation, the Case Details, and the Needs
		Create the Care Plan
		Management of the Care
		Life Care Planner and Care Manager Interface
		Referral Sources for the Life Care Manager
		Elder Law Attorneys
		Trust Officers
		Financial Advisors
		Aging Services Professionals
		Standards of Practice, Professional Guidelines, and Code of Ethics for Care Managers
		Case Study
			Common Case of Adult Children Deciding If a Parent Is Safe at Home Alone
		Recommendations Included
		Resources
		References
Part 3 The Transdisciplinary Team
	Chapter 9 The Role of the Physiatrist in Life Care Planning
		Physiatry and Life Care Planning Collaboration
		History of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
		Physiatry Education and Training
		Scope of Practice
		Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Subspecialty
		Physician Physiatrist Contributions to Life Care Plan Recommendations
		Common Problems Seen By the Physiatrist
		Amputation
		Brain Injury
		Cerebral Palsy (CP)
		Chronic Pain
		Lymphedema
		Spasticity
		Spinal Cord Injury
		Functional Considerations
		Technology and Future Rehabilitation
		Life Expectancy Opinions
		Questions Life Care Planners Should Ask the Physiatrist When Developing a Life Care Plan
		General Questions to Consider
			Medical Basis and Foundation Questions to Consider
		Summary
		References
	Chapter 10 The Role of the Rehabilitation Nurse in Life Care Planning
		The Educational and Licensure Requirements for the Professional Registered Nurse & Nursing Subspecialties
		Practice Settings for Rehabilitation Nurses
		The Nursing Process and Care Plan Development
		The Contributions of the Rehabilitation Nurse in Life Care Planning
		Scope of Practice
		Research Issues for the Rehabilitation Nurse in Life Care Planning
		Collateral Sources
		Life Care Planning Costing
		Other Roles of the Rehabilitation Nurse in Life Care Planning
		Related Certifications and Organizations
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11 The Role of the Rehabilitation Counselor in Life Care Planning
		Historical Roots of the Profession of Rehabilitation Counselor
		Evolution of Rehabilitation Counselor
		Contemporary Role of the Rehabilitation Counselor
		Rehabilitation Counselor Across the Lifespan
		What Is a Rehabilitation Counselor?
		Scope of Practice of Rehabilitation Counselor
		Credentialing for Rehabilitation Counselors
		Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC)
		Certified Vocational Evaluation Specialist
		College of Vocational Rehabilitation Professionals (CVRP)
		American Board of Vocational Experts (ABVE)
		Rehabilitation Counselors in Life Care Planning
		Rehabilitation Counseling Worldwide
			Establishing the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) Core for Vocational Rehabilitation
		Rehabilitation Counselor as a Team Member
		Rehabilitation Counselor Involvement Across the Lifespan
			Rehabilitation Counselor and Pediatric Life Care Planning
		Tasks of the Rehabilitation Counselor in Life Care Planning
			Interview Process
			Identification of Vocationally-Related Needs
			Rehabilitation Counselor as Part of the Healthcare Team
		Special Considerations Across the Lifespan
			Collaborating With Early Interventionists and School Personnel as Part of the Team
		Transition Planning for the Adolescent/Young Adult
		Working With Adult Evaluees
		Vocational Contributions to the Life Care Plan
			Vocational Testing, Assessment, And/or Evaluation
		Loss of Earnings Capacity (LOEC)
		Impact of Education and Other Demographic Factors On Earnings Capacity
		Establishing a Foundation for Loss of Earnings
		Forming a Vocational Opinion
		PEEDS-RAPEL©
			Case Study: Elias and the Role of the Rehabilitation Counselor in Life Care Planning Across the Lifespan
		Parental/Family Occupations
		Educational Attainment
		Evaluation Results
		Developmental Stage
		Synthesis
		Rehabilitation Plan
		Access to the Labor Market
		Placeability
		Earnings Capacity
			Pre-Incident Opinion
			Post-Incident Opinion
		Labor Force Participation
		Conclusion
		Example Online Resources
		References
	Chapter 12 The Role of the Neuropsychologist in Life Care Planning
		History of Neuropsychology
		Neuroimaging
		Brain and Cognitive Development
		Nature Vs. Nurture
		Developmental Theories
		Piaget’s Developmental Cognitive Theory
		Freud’s Theory of Development
		Behavioral Models of Development
		Social Learning Theory
		Theoretical Models of Neuropsychology
		Developmental Disorders
		Neurodevelopmental Delays
			Prematurity and Birth Weight
		Acquired Brain Disorders
		Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
		Birth Injuries
		Genetic Or Multifactorial Conditions
			Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
		Developmental Language and Social Issues in Children
		Autism Spectrum Disorder
		Developmental Language Disorder
		Critical Periods in Development and Environmental Toxins
		Role and Scope of Practice of Neuropsychologists
		Role of Neuropsychologists
		Selecting a Neuropsychologist
		Neuropsychological Assessment and Treatment Recommendations
		The Neuropsychological Examination
		Answering Questions With Neuropsychological Test Results
		Questions Life Care Planners Should Ask Neuropsychologists
		Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
		Clinical Practice Guidelines
		Case Study
		References
Chapter 13 The Role of the Neurologist in Life Care Planning
	Origins of the Discipline of Neurology
	The Process of Becoming an Adult Or Pediatric Neurologist
	Kinds of Patients and Problems Usually Seen and Addressed
	Medical Issues Confronted By a Neurologist
	Ethical Issues Confronted By the Neurologist
	Clinical Practice Guidelines
	The Role of the Neurologist in Life Care Planning
	What Should a Life Care Planner Ask a Neurologist?
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14 The Role of the Occupational Therapist in Life Care Planning
	Review of the Literature
	Educational Requirements
	Scope of Practice
	Kinds of Patients and Problems Usually Seen and Addressed
	Pediatric Service Provision
	Adult Service Provision
	Home Assessment
	Standard Treatment Recommendations
	Questions Life Care Planners Should Ask the Occupational Therapist When Developing a Life Care Plan
	Case Study
	Evaluee History
	Life Care Plan Recommendations Within an Occupational Therapist’s Scope of Practice
		Projected Evaluations
		Projected Therapeutic Modalities
		Aids for Independent Living
		Durable Medical Equipment
		Orthotics, Prosthetics
		Wheelchairs
		Home Care
		Leisure
	Summary
	Notes
	References
Chapter 15 The Role of the Physical Therapist in Life Care Planning
	History and Development of Physical Therapy
	Physical Therapist Education
	Scope of Practice
	Kinds of Patients and Problems Usually Seen and Addressed By Physical Therapists
	Physical Therapy Service Delivery
	Pediatric Physical Therapy Service Delivery
	Functional Capacity Evaluations
	Standard Treatment Recommendations
	Physical Therapists in Life Care Planning
	Questions Life Care Planners Should Ask a Physical Therapist When Developing a Life Care Plan
	Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)
	Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
	Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
		Scoring
	Spine Range of Motion (ROM)
	Physical Therapy Considerations for Pediatric Life Care Plans
	Pediatric Case Study
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 16 The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist and Audiologist in Life Care Planning
	Speech-Language Pathology
	Kinds of Patients and Problems Usually Seen and Addressed
		Fluency
		Speech Production
		Language
		Cognition
		Voice
		Resonance
		Feeding and Swallowing
		Auditory Habilitation/Rehabilitation
		Potential Etiologies of Communication and Swallowing Disorders Include
	SLP Credentials and Licensure/Certification Requirements
	Scope of Practice/Code of Ethics
	SLP Assessment Process
	Pediatric and Adolescent Assessments
	Glossary Terminology in the Field of Communication Sciences and Disorders
	Medical Coding and Billing for Speech-Language Pathology
	Audiology
		Review of the Literature: Impact of Hearing Loss
	Audiology Credentials/Scope of Practice/Code of Ethics and Licensure/Certification Requirements
	Causes of Hearing Loss (Perinatal and Postnatal)
	Audiological Assessment Procedures
		Pure Tone Audiometry
		Speech Audiometry
		Acoustic Immittance/Impedance
		Otoacoustic Emissions
		Auditory Evoked Response (AER)
	Identification of Hearing Loss in the Newborn
	Pediatric Audiological Assessment
		Nonbehavioral Hearing Assessment
		Pressure-Equalizing (PE) Tubes
		Audiological (Re)habilitation for Children
		Neurophysiologic Intraoperative Monitoring
		Balance (Vestibular) System Assessment
		Ototoxic Drug Therapy (Audiological Management)
	Audiological Rehabilitation
	Auditory Processing Disorders Assessment (As Performed By an Audiologist)
	Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs)
		Hearing Aid Selection and Fitting
		Tinnitus Management
	Costs Related to Amplification
	Communicating With Individuals With Hearing Impairments
		Positioning
		Method
		Physical
		Attitude
		How to Communicate With People Who Are Deaf
	The Role of the Audiologist in Life Care Planning
	Conclusion
	References
	Appendix One Developmental Milestone Checklist
	Appendix Two Communication Sciences and Disorders/SLP Assessment Process
	Appendix Three Communication Sciences and Disorders: Checklist for SLP Life Care Planning
	Appendix Four Communication Sciences and Disorders: Check List for Audiology Life Care Planning
	Appendix Five Key Acronyms and Phrases Used in Communication Sciences and Disorders
	Appendix Six Speech-Language Pathology, Augmentative, and Alternative Communication, and Assistive Technology Resources
	Appendix Seven Speech-Language Pathology Portion of the Life Care Plan Example Case
	Case Study
	Appendix Eight Audiology Portion of the Life Care Plan Example Case
Chapter 17 The Role of the Prosthetist in Life Care Planning
	Review of the Literature
	Scope of Practice
	Prosthetist Credentialing and Qualifications
	Areas of Specialty
	Kinds of Patients/Problems Usually Managed
	Ethical Issues Confronted By the Prosthetist
	Standard Treatment Recommendations
	Clinical Practice Guidelines
	The Prosthetist’s Role in Life Care Planning
		The Prosthetist as an Expert Witness/Consultant
	Selecting a Prosthetist
		Questions to Ask of a Prosthetist
	Conclusion
	Glossary
	Resources
		Prosthetic Organizations
	Notes
	References
Chapter 18 The Role of the Economist in Life Care Planning
	The Life Care Plan as a Predicate for Future Economic Losses
	Present Value Analysis of Plaintiff’s Future Life Care Needs
	Inflation/Growth Rate
	Interest/Discount Rate
	Exemplar Present Value Analysis
	Conclusion
	References
Part 4 SELECTED DIAGNOSES, FORENSIC, LEGAL, AND OTHER ISSUES
	Chapter 19 Life Care Planning for the Patient With an Amputation
		Demographics of Limb Amputation
		Essential Differences Between Children and Adults With Amputations
		Initial Prosthetic Device
		Treating the Parents in Addition to the Child
		Levels of Limb Amputation
		Phases of Amputation Rehabilitation
		Preoperative
		Amputation Surgery and Reconstruction Phase
		Acute Postoperative Phase
		Preprosthetic Phase
		Prosthetic Fabrication
		Prosthetic Training
		Community Reintegration
		Vocational Rehabilitation
		Follow-Up
		Amputation Related Complications
		Phantom and Residual Limb Pain
		Prosthetic Prescription
		Partial Hand
		Wrist Disarticulation/Below Elbow (Transradial)
		Elbow Disarticulation/Above Elbow (Transhumeral)
		Shoulder Disarticulation
		Partial/Hindfoot
		Below Knee (Transtibial)
		Knee Disarticulation/Above Knee (Transfemoral)
		Hip Disarticulation
		Prosthetic Cost & Replacement
		Aging With an Amputation
		Scope of Practice
		Case Study
		Life Care Plan Narrative for Mr. AK Amputee
		Projected Rehabilitation Program
		Projected Evaluations
		Projected Therapeutic Modalities
		Diagnostic Testing
		Wheelchair Needs
		Wheelchair Accessories and Maintenance
		Aids for Independent Function
		Orthotics/Prosthetics
		Home Furnishings and Accessories
		Drug/Supply Needs
		Home/Facility Care
		Future Medical Care—Routine
		Transportation
		Health and Strength Maintenance
		Architectural Renovations
		Potential Complications
		Vocational/Educational Plan
		Future Medical Care—Aggressive Treatment
		Orthopedic Equipment Needs
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 20 Life Care Planning for Acquired Brain Injury
		Epidemiology
		Costs
		Etiology
		Anatomy of the Brain Coverings
		Cerebral Cortex
		Deeper Brain Structures
		Cerebellum
		Brain Stem
		Midbrain
		Pons
		Medulla Oblongata
		Brain Injury Classification
		Disorders of Consciousness
		Initial Treatment
		Rehabilitation Care
		Medical Complications
		Cranial Complications
		Endocrine Disorders
		Pulmonary Complications
		Cardiovascular Complications
		Neurological Complications
		Gastrointestinal Complications
		Genitourinary Complications
		Musculoskeletal Complications
		Cognitive Problems
		Recovery From TBI
		Long-Term Impairments
		Community Reintegration
		Vocational Rehabilitation
		Life Care Plan Case Study
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 21 Life Care Planning for the Patient With Burns
		Burn Injury Prevalence
		Etiology of Burns
		Classification of Burns
		Burn Severity
		Pathophysiology and Treatment of Burns
		Wounds
		Musculoskeletal Effects
		Recovery
		Common Acute and Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
		Reconstruction
		Laser Surgery
		Pressure Garments and Splints
		Prosthetics
		Nutritional Issues
		Rehabilitation
		Massage Therapy
		Outpatient Services
		Pediatric Life Care Plans Involving Burns
		Psychological Issues
		Vocational Rehabilitation
		Complications
		Burn Injury: Damage Assessment Checklist
		Burn Life Care Plan Checklist
		Sample Life Care Plan for John Doe
			Narrative Summary
				Introduction
		Foundation for Report
		Medical Records and Reports Reviewed
			Burn Injury
			Injury Event
		Burn Center—Surgical and Invasive Procedures
			Personal Interviews With John Doe and Jane Doe
		Face and Neck
		Upper Extremities and Shoulders
		Forearms, Elbows, and Wrists
		Web Space Releases
		Legs—Thighs and Calves
		Ankles and Feet
		Laser Surgery
		Skin Cancer
		Pressure Garments
		Massage Therapy
		References
	Chapter 22 Life Care Planning for the Patient With a Mental Health Disorder
		Life Care Planning for Comorbid Mental Health Concerns
		Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
			Epidemiology and Course of Illness
			Symptoms
		Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Depression
			Pharmacotherapy
				Antidepressants
				Adjunctive Treatment
			Psychotherapeutic Interventions
			Vocational Impact of MDD
			Reasonable Accommodations
			Cost of MDD
		Bipolar Disorder
			Epidemiology and Course of Illness
			Symptoms
				Mania
				Hypomania
				Depressive Episode
				Mixed Episode
			Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
			Pharmacotherapy
				Lithium
				Other Mood Stabilizers
				Antipsychotics
				Adjunctive Medications
			Psychotherapeutic Interventions
			Vocational Impact of Bipolar Disorder
			Reasonable Accommodations
			Costs of Bipolar Disorder
		Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
			Epidemiology and Course of Illness
			Symptoms
			Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of GAD
			Pharmacotherapy
				Adjunctive Treatment
				Psychotherapy
			Vocational Impact of GAD
			Reasonable Accommodations
			Costs of GAD
		Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
			Epidemiology and Course of Illness
			Symptoms
			Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of OCD
			Pharmacotherapy
				Antidepressants
				Adjunctive Treatment
				Psychotherapeutic Interventions
			Vocational Impact of OCD
			Reasonable Accommodations
			Costs of OCD
		Schizophrenia
			Epidemiology and Course of Illness
			Symptoms
				Positive Symptoms
				Negative Symptoms
				Associated Symptoms Or Features
			Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
			Pharmacotherapy
				Antipsychotics
				Adjunctive Medications
				Anticonvulsants/Mood Stabilizers
				Antidepressants
				Benzodiazepines
				Anticholinergics
				Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 (VMAT2) Inhibitors
			Psychosocial Interventions
			Treatment Refractory Schizophrenia
			Vocational Impact of Schizophrenia
			Reasonable Accommodations
			Vocational Programs
			Costs of Schizophrenia
		Mental Health in Children and Adolescence
		The Impact of Mental Health Professionals On the Life Care Plan
		Case Study
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 23 Life Care Planning for the Patient With Chronic Pain
		Diagnostic Workup of Chronic Pain
		Psychological Considerations of Pain
			Opioid Management
		Complementary Medicine
			Chinese Medicine
			Yoga
			Medical Cannabis
		Axial/Non-Surgical Back Pain and Spinal Stenosis
			Management of Axial Low Back Pain
				Conservative Management/Physical Therapy
				Injection Therapy
				Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections
		Neuropathic Pain Syndromes
			Conservative Therapy
			Interventional Therapy
		Case Study/ Life Care Planning Needs
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 24 Life Care Planning for the Patient With Spinal Cord Injury
		Epidemiology
		Anatomy
		Pediatric Spinal Cord Anatomy
		Spinal Cord Injury Classification
		Preservation of Function By Neurologic Level of Injury
		Common Complications of Spinal Cord Injury
		Autonomic Dysfunction
		Gastrointestinal Issues
		Spasticity
		Respiratory Complications
		Pain
		Genitourinary
		Post Void Residual When Applicable
		Metabolic Changes
		Integumentary Issues
		Cardiovascular Disease
		Infections
		Overuse Syndromes
		Sexual Function and Reproduction
		Psychological Issues
		Home Modifications for Individuals With SCI
		Vehicular Modifications for Individuals With SCI
		Powered Robotic Exoskeletons in SCI
		Aging With Spinal Cord Injury and Personal Care Assistance Needs
		Spasticity That Contributes to Pain and Impaired Function
		Recurrent Decubiti From Hypomobility
		Life Expectancy of Individuals With SCI
		Case Study
		References
Chapter 25 Life Care Planning for People With Visual Impairment
	Life Care Planning for the Patient With Visual Impairment
		Review of the Literature
		Definitions and Prevalence
		Etiology
			Refraction Errors
			Amblyopia
			Monocular Vision
			Cataracts
			Corneal Opacity
			Glaucoma
			Optic Nerve Disorders
			Cortical Visual Impairment
			Retinal Diseases
			Retinopathy of Prematurity
			Albinism
			Colobomas
			Macular Degeneration
			Diabetic Retinopathy
			Retinitis Pigmentosa
			Non-24 Sleep Disorder
		Expected Course of the Conditions
		Children and Youth
		Adults
		Functional Impact
		Psychological Impact
		Intersectionality
	Life Expectancy
		Medical Treatments
	Clinical Practice Guidelines
		Rehabilitation
		Mobility and Travel
		Assistive Technology
		Transportation
	Life Care Planning With People Who Have Visual Impairments
		Areas of Life Care Plan Recommendations
			Medical Care
			Procedures/Hospitalizations/Surgeries
			Education
			Evaluations
			Therapies
			Diagnostic Testing
			Medications
			Supplies
			Equipment
			Orthotics/Prosthetics
			Wheelchairs and Wheelchair Accessories/Maintenance
			Aids for Independent Living
			Home Furnishings and Accessories
			Home Care
			Facility Care
			Case Management
			Transportation
			Vocational Plan
			Health and Strength Maintenance
			Architectural Renovations
			Potential Complications
		Assessment Questions to Ask
	Additional Resources
	Case Study
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 26 Life Care Planning for the Patient With a Brachial Plexus Injury
	Life Care Planning for the Patient With a Brachial Plexus Injury
	Anatomy
	Epidemiology and Etiology
	Patterns of Brachial Plexus Birth Palsies
	Diagnosis
	Early Rehabilitation of Brachial Plexus Injuries
	Ancillary Diagnostic Studies
	Potential Problems From Brachial Plexus Injury
		Musculoskeletal
		Sensory
		Posture/Gait
		Psychological Issues
		Vocational Issues
	Surgical Intervention
	Primary Nerve Surgery
	Secondary Reconstructive Surgery
	Shoulder Involvement and Intervention
	Elbow Involvement and Intervention
	Forearm Involvement and Intervention
	Wrist and Hand Involvement and Intervention
	General Principles of Rehabilitation Following Tendon Transfer
	Life Care Planning Considerations for the Patient With Brachial Plexus Injury
		Medical Surveillance
		Diagnostic Studies
		Therapeutic Modalities
		Professional Therapy
		Home Exercise Program
		Splints/Positioners
		Components of Surgical Costs
		Pain Management
		Counseling/Psychological Support
		Equipment/Home Modifications
			Examples of Assistive Devices
		Driving Evaluation
		Attendant Care/Replacement Services
	Life Expectancy
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 27 Forensic Issues in Life Care Planning
	Forensic Issues in Life Care Planning
	Structure of the American Legal System
		English Common Law
		Common Law in America
		The Structure of Courts in the United States
		The Federal Court System
		The State Court Systems
	Rules of Civil Procedure
		The Complaint
		Service
		Pre-answer Motions and the Answer
		Joinder of Claims and Parties
		Disclosures
			Initial Disclosures
		Expert Disclosures
		Pre-Trial Disclosures
		Discovery
		Pre-Trial Conferences and Dismissals
		The Trial
		Verdict and Judgment
		Relief and Appeals
	Types of Experts in Life Care Planning
	Qualifications
	Retention: Expert Versus Clinical Practice
	Methodology: The Standard for Opinions
	Report Writing: Consensus Statement and Standards
	Establishing and Maintaining Files
	Work Product Rules
	Mediation and Arbitration
	Testimony: Deposition
	Testimony: Trial
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 28 Admissibility Considerations in Life Care Planning
	Admissibility Considerations in Life Care Planning
		The Daubert Trilogy
		Frye V. United States
			Daubert V. Merrill Dow Pharmaceuticals
			General Electric Co. V. Joiner
			Kumho Tire Co. V. Carmichael
		Practical Implications of the 702 Amendment for the Life Care Planner
			Ngatuval V. Lifetime Fitness (2020)
			Beavers V. Victorian (2014)
			Worley & Worley V. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. (2013)
			Mettias V. United States of America (2015)
			Ancar & Ancar V. Brown & TNE Trucking (2014)
			Crouch V. John Jewell Aircraft (2016)
	Case Discussion
	The Daubert Challenge: Credentials and Evidence
	Foundation and Methodology
	Standards of Practice
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 29 A Plaintiff’s Attorney’s Perspective On Life Care Planning
	A Plaintiff’s Attorney’s Perspective On Life Care Planning
	Damages
		Non-economic Damages
		Economic Damages
	Anchoring Economic Damages
	Hiring a Life Care Planning Expert
		Working With the Life Care Planner
		Defense Attack of Life Care Planners
	Daubert and the Admissibility of Expert Life Care Planner Testimony
	Common Defense Arguments Against Life Care Planners
		Defendant Retained Life Care Planners
		Role of Medical Providers in Life Care Planning
	Presenting the Life Care Planner in Court
		A Case Illustration: United Planters Bank V. United States
	Economic Valuations of Life Care Plans
	Reasonable and Necessary Future Medical Costs
		Reasonableness of Costs
		Usual, Customary, and Reasonable
	Collateral Source Rule
		Current Status of Collateral Source Rule
			The “Actual Amount Paid” Approach
			The “Benefit of the Bargain” Approach
			The “Reasonable Value” Approach
	Collateral Source Rule and Life Care Planning
	Day In the Life Video
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 30 A Defense Attorney’s Perspective On Life Care Planning
	A Defense Attorney’s Perspective On Life Care Planning
	The Scope of a Life Care Planner’s Role in Litigation
	Anatomy of a Case
	Standards for Admitting Expert Testimony
		The Frye Standard: General Acceptance Test
		The Daubert Standard
		Federal Evidence Rule 702: New Amendments
	Exploring the Plaintiff’s Life Care Planner’s Qualifications
		Qualifications as a Life Care Planning Expert Generally
		Qualification to Present the Particular Life Care Plan
	Types of Expert Roles
	Foundational Objections, the Daubert Standard, and Other Preclusions
	Cross-Examination of the Plaintiff’s Expert
		Financial Bias
		Conflicting Recommendations
		The Bases of the Opinions
		Duplication, Generics, and Other Cost Reductions
		Application of the Collateral Source Rule
		Licensing Issues
	The Decision to Retain a Defense Life Care Planner
		Defense Damages Evidence and the Testifying Defendant Expert
	Practical Considerations: The Effect On the Jury
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 31 Special Education Law and Practices for the Pediatric Life Care Planner
	Special Education Law and Practices for the Pediatric Life Care Planner
	History of Special Education
	Current Federal Education Laws
		Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
		Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990
		Individuals With Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (20 USC §§1400 9d0, 2004)
	Qualification for Special Education
		Eligibility Criteria Varies (§ 300.100)
	Key Components of Special Education
		Free and Appropriate Public Education (34 CFR § 300.101)
		Child Find (§ 300.111)
		Initial Request (§ 1414(a)(1)(B))
		Informed Parental Consent (§ 300.300)
		Evaluation Process (§ 300.301)
		Determination of Eligibility (§ 300.306)
		Re-Evaluation (§ 300.303)
		Procedural Safeguards (§ 300.121)
		Educational Placement (§§ 300.115–300.116)
		Dispute Resolution (§ 300.140)
		State Complaint
		Mediation (§ 300.506)
		Due Process (§ 300.508)
	Delivery of Services
		Least Restrictive Environment (§§ 300.114–300.120)
		Individualized Healthcare Plan (IHP)
		504 Plan
		Individualized Family Services Plan (§§ 303.342)
		Individualized Education Program (§ 300.324)
	IEP Components
		Age of Majority (§ 300.520)
	Case Example: 504 Plan Vs. IEP
	Educational Considerations Relevant for the Life Care Planner
		Specially Designed Instruction (§ 1401(33))
		Factors to Consider
		Related Services (§ 300.34)
		Academic Supports: A School Team Decision
		Medical-Based Vs. School-Based Therapy Services
		Supplementary Aids and Services (§ 300.42)
		Assistive Technology (§ 300.105)
		Extended School Year (§ 300.106)
		Transition Services (34 CFR § 361.48)
			State Vocational Rehabilitation Support for Transition
		Transition to Post-Secondary Education
		Private Schools: Navigating Services (34 CFR § 200.64)
	Common Challenges Faced By Students With Disabilities
		Failure to Identify Students With Disabilities
		IEP Service Delivery Issues
		Graduation Considerations
	Pediatric Special Education Case Study
	The Role of the Education Consultant in Life Care Planning
	Questions to Ask When Developing the Life Care Plan
	Conclusion
	Glossary of Key Education Terms
	References
	Appendix 1 Example Parent to School Letter Request
	Educational Services for a Child Post-Brain Injury
	Appendix 2 Example Parent to School Letter Request
	Educational Services for a Child Template
Chapter 32 Special Needs Planning
	Special Needs Planning
	What Is Special Needs Planning?
	Government Benefits 101
		Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
		Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)
		Medicare
		Medicaid
			Medicaid Waiver Programs
			Medicaid Requirements
	Special Needs Estate Planning
	Special Needs Trusts
		Third-Party Special Needs Trust
		First-Party Special Needs Trust
		ABLE Accounts
	Common Planning Mistakes of Special Needs Families
		Poorly Drafted Special Needs Trusts
		Lack of Coordination of Other Estate Planning Documents
		Failure to Change Beneficiaries
		Failure to Educate the Extended Family
		Special Needs Divorce
	Guardianship
		Special Needs Planning Attorney’s Role in the Litigation Context
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 33 Assistive Technology, Durable Medical Equipment, and Transportation in Life Care Planning
	Literature Review
	Technology Service Provision
	Durable Medical Equipment: Considerations
		Evaluee Age
		Geographic Location and Climate
		Severity of Disability and Premorbid Conditions
	Equipment in the Home
		Home Modification Or Architectural Renovation
		Vehicle Modification
	Empirical Evidence-Based Studies Related to AT, DME, and VM
		Follow-Up Studies Regarding Purchasing AT, DME, and VM Settlement Awardees
	Conclusion
	References
	Vehicle Modification Resources Are From Allison 2018
Chapter 34 A Personal Perspective of Life Care Planning
	A Parent’s Perspective of Navigating Medical, Legal, Educational, and Rehabilitation Systems
		Interviewer: How Did Disability Onset Occur?
		Interviewer: What Was the Experience of Learning About the Condition Like?
		Interviewer: What Was Your Inpatient Experience (E.g., Did You Receive Adequate Information About the Diagnosis, Were You Given Resources to Learn More)?
		Interviewer: What Was the Transition Back Home Like?
		Interviewer: How Did You Learn About Resources You Needed?
		Interviewer: How Did You Find People to Talk to About Your Son’s Health Condition?
		Interviewer: What Was the Role of Your Family in Supporting You?
		Interviewer: How Did You Find Funding for What You Needed? What Was That Experience Like?
		Interviewer: If There Was Litigation as a Result of the Disability, What Was That Experience Like?
		Interviewer: What Was It Like Navigating School Systems With the Disability?
		Interviewer: Critical Team Members Who Helped?
		Interviewer: What Advice Would You Give Others Who Are Starting in this Journey?
	A Wife’s Story of Caring for Her Husband
	My New Normal: A Mother’s Story of Stroke
	Living With Cancer: A Story of Education
		Disability Diagnosis
		Acute Care Services
		Transitioning Home
		Treatment Complications
		Critical Healthcare Team Members
		Ancillary Treatment Providers
		Interaction With Legal System
		Advice for Professionals
		Disability Resources
		Advice for Patients
Chapter 35 Life Care Planning Costing, Literature, and Summary of Resources
	Life Care Planning Costing, Literature, and Summary of Resources
	Costing Practice and Resources
		Definitions, Consensuses, and Standards
			Life Care Planning Definition
			Costing-Relevant Consensus Statements
			2022 Standards of Practice By the International Academy of Life Care Planners
			Usual, Customary, and Reasonable (UCR) Pricing
		Contemporary Costing Practice in Life Care Planning
			General Practice
		Pre-existing Conditions
		Attendant and Facility Care
		Architectural Accommodations and Retrofitting
			Costing Sources and Resources
			Decision-Making Factors in Costing Source Selection
		Collateral Sources
		Life Care Planning Software
	Critical Appraisal Literature in Life Care Planning
		How Do Life Care Planners Find Critical Appraisal Literature?
		Critical Appraisal Literature Case Study
	Bibliography of Critical Appraisal Literature From 2017–2022: Selected Topics
		Care Over the Lifespan
			Pediatric Care Management
			Elder Care Management
	Treatment and Care Specialties
		Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation/Physiatry
		Neurology
		Neuropsychology
		Occupational Therapy
		Physical Therapy
		Rehabilitation Nursing
		Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling
	Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Conditions
		Acquired Brain Injury
		Amputation
		Blindness and Visual Impairment
		Brachial Plexus Injury
		Burns
		Chronic Pain
		Deafness and Hearing Impairment
		Mental Health
		Prosthetics
		Spinal Cord Injury
	Special Education
	Assistive Technology/Durable Medical Equipment and Transportation
	Adapted Housing
	Lifespan, Life Expectancy, and Mortality
	Clinical Practice Guidelines
	Note
	References
Index