Liberty, Equality, Power: Volume I: to 1877, Enhanced Concise Edition

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
BRIEF CONTENTS
......Page 8
CONTENTS......Page 10
1 WHEN OLD WORLDS COLLIDE: CONTACT, CONQUEST, CATASTROPHE......Page 34
From Beringia to the Americas......Page 35
The Great Extinction and the Rise of Agriculture......Page 36
China: The Rejection of Overseas Expansion......Page 37
Europe versus Islam......Page 38
The Unlikely Pioneer: Portugal......Page 39
Africa, Colonies, and the Slave Trade......Page 40
Early Lessons......Page 41
Columbus......Page 43
Spain and the Caribbean......Page 44
The Rise of Sedentary Cultures......Page 45
The Andes: Cycles of Complex Cultures......Page 46
Inca Civilization......Page 47
Mesoamerica: Cycles of Complex Cultures......Page 48
The Aztecs and Tenochtitlán......Page 50
Urban Cultures of the Southwest......Page 51
Religious Dilemmas......Page 53
War as Cultural Misunderstanding......Page 54
The Conquest of Mexico and Peru......Page 55
North American Conquistadores and Missionaries......Page 57
Brazil......Page 59
Global Colossus, Global Economy......Page 60
EXPLANATIONS: PATTERNS OF CONQUEST, SUBMISSION, AND RESISTANCE......Page 61
CONCLUSION......Page 62
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 63
DISCOVERY......Page 64
2 THE CHALLENGE TO SPAIN AND THE SETTLEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA......Page 66
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION AND THE CHALLENGE TO SPAIN......Page 67
Early French Explorers......Page 68
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: BLACK ROBE......Page 69
Missions and Furs......Page 70
New France Under Louis XIV......Page 71
The East and West India Companies......Page 72
New Netherland as a Pluralistic Society......Page 73
The English Reformation......Page 74
Gilbert, Ireland, and America......Page 75
Ralegh, Roanoke, and War with Spain......Page 76
THE CHESAPEAKE AND WEST INDIAN COLONIES......Page 77
Reorganization, Reform, and Crisis......Page 78
Maryland......Page 81
Chesapeake Family Life......Page 82
The West Indies and the Transition to Slavery......Page 83
The Rise of Slavery in North America......Page 84
The Pilgrims and Plymouth......Page 85
Massachusetts Bay......Page 86
Conversion, Dissent, and Expansion......Page 87
Congregations, Towns, and Colony Governments......Page 90
Infant Baptism and New Dissent......Page 91
THE FIRST RESTORATION COLONIES......Page 92
Carolina, Harrington, and the Aristocratic Ideal......Page 93
New York: An Experiment in Absolutism......Page 94
Quaker Beliefs......Page 96
West New Jersey......Page 97
Pennsylvania......Page 98
CONCLUSION......Page 100
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 101
DISCOVERY......Page 102
3 ENGLAND DISCOVERS ITS COLONIES: EMPIRE, LIBERTY, AND EXPANSION......Page 104
THE SPECTRUM OF SETTLEMENT......Page 105
Demographic Differences......Page 106
Religion and Education......Page 108
THE BEGINNINGS OF EMPIRE......Page 109
Mercantilism as a Moral Revolution......Page 110
The First Navigation Act......Page 111
Restoration Navigation Acts......Page 112
Indian Strategies of Survival......Page 113
Metacom's (or King Philip's) War......Page 114
Virginia's Indian War......Page 115
Bacon's Rebellion......Page 116
The Popish Plot, the Exclusion Crisis, and the Rise of Party......Page 117
The Lords of Trade and Imperial Reform......Page 118
THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION......Page 119
The Glorious Revolution in America......Page 120
The English Response......Page 121
The Completion of Empire......Page 122
The Mixed and Balanced Constitution......Page 123
The Pueblo Revolt......Page 124
New France and the Middle Ground......Page 125
AN EMPIRE OF SETTLEMENT: THE BRITISH COLONIES......Page 127
Three Warring Empires, 1689–1716......Page 128
CONCLUSION......Page 130
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 131
DISCOVERY......Page 132
4 PROVINCIAL AMERICA AND THE STRUGGLE FOR A CONTINENT......Page 134
EXPANSION VERSUS ANGLICIZATION......Page 135
Anglicizing the Role of Women......Page 136
The Emergence of the Old South......Page 137
The Backcountry......Page 140
New England: A Faltering Economy and Paper Money......Page 141
MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: HE COULD MAKE A LASS WEEP......Page 142
The World of Print......Page 143
Lawyers and Doctors......Page 144
Georgia: The Failure of an Enlightenment Utopia......Page 145
Origins of the Revivals......Page 146
Whitefield Launches the Transatlantic Revival......Page 147
Long-Term Consequences of the Revivals......Page 148
The Denominational Realignment......Page 149
The Rise of the Assembly and the Governor......Page 150
"Country" Constitutions: The Southern Colonies......Page 151
"Court" Constitutions: The Northern Colonies......Page 152
Challenges to French Power......Page 153
The Danger of Slave Revolts and War with Spain......Page 154
France versus Britain: King George's War......Page 156
The Impending Storm......Page 157
The Albany Congress and the Onset of War......Page 158
Britain's Years of Defeat......Page 160
Imperial Tensions: From Loudoun to Pitt......Page 161
The Years of British Victory......Page 162
The Cherokee War and Spanish Intervention......Page 164
CONCLUSION......Page 165
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 166
DISCOVERY......Page 167
5 REFORM, RESISTANCE, REVOLUTION......Page 169
From Pitt to Grenville......Page 170
Indian Policy and Pontiac's War......Page 171
The Currency Act and the Quartering Act......Page 173
THE STAMP ACT CRISIS......Page 174
Nullification......Page 175
Repeal......Page 176
The Townshend Program......Page 177
MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: AN AMERICAN HEART OF OAK......Page 178
Resistance: The Politics of Escalation......Page 179
The Wilkes Crisis......Page 181
Partial Repeal......Page 182
Disaffection......Page 183
The Feudal Revival and Rural Discontent......Page 184
The Regulator Movements in the Carolinas......Page 185
Slaves and Women......Page 187
The Tea Crisis......Page 189
The Radical Explosion......Page 190
The First Continental Congress......Page 191
Toward War......Page 192
THE IMPROVISED WAR......Page 193
The Second Continental Congress......Page 194
War and Legitimacy, 1775–1776......Page 195
Independence......Page 196
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: 1776......Page 197
CONCLUSION......Page 198
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 199
DISCOVERY......Page 200
6 THE REVOLUTIONARY REPUBLIC......Page 202
The British Offensive......Page 203
The Trenton-Princeton Campaign......Page 204
The Loss of Philadelphia......Page 206
Saratoga......Page 207
Spanish Expansion and Intervention......Page 208
John Adams and the Separation of Powers......Page 209
The Pennsylvania Constitution......Page 210
Massachusetts Redefines Constitutionalism......Page 211
Confederation......Page 212
Loyalist Refugees, Black and White......Page 213
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: MARY SILLIMAN'S WAR......Page 214
The Indian Struggle for Unity and Survival......Page 215
Attrition......Page 216
THE BRITISH OFFENSIVE IN THE SOUTH......Page 217
The Partisan War......Page 218
Mutiny and Reform......Page 220
From the Ravaging of Virginia to Yorktown and Peace......Page 221
Religious Transformations......Page 223
MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: NO KING BUT GOD!......Page 224
The Challenge to Patriarchy......Page 225
Western Expansion, Discontent, and Conflict with Indians......Page 226
The Northwest Ordinance......Page 227
Cosmopolitans versus Localists......Page 230
The Philadelphia Convention......Page 231
Ratification......Page 232
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 234
DISCOVERY......Page 236
7 THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC, 1790–1820......Page 238
THE FARMER’S REPUBLIC......Page 239
Neighbors......Page 240
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: A MIDWIFE'S TALE......Page 241
Standards of Living......Page 242
FROM BACKCOUNTRY TO FRONTIER......Page 243
The Failure of Cultural Renewal......Page 244
The Backcountry, 1790–1815......Page 245
Slavery and the Republic......Page 246
The Recommitment to Slavery......Page 247
Race, Gender, and Chesapeake Labor......Page 248
THE SEAPORT CITIES, 1790–1815......Page 249
The Status of Labor......Page 250
Paternal Power in Decline......Page 251
The Alcoholic Republic......Page 252
The Democratization of Print......Page 253
Citizenship......Page 254
The Rise of the Democratic Sects......Page 255
Evangelicals and Slavery......Page 257
Black Republicanism: Gabriel's Rebellion......Page 258
CONCLUSION......Page 259
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 260
DISCOVERY......Page 261
8 COMPLETING THE REVOLUTION, 1789–1815......Page 263
The "Republican Court"......Page 264
The First Congress......Page 265
Hamiltonian Economics: The Bank and the Excise......Page 266
Jefferson versus Hamilton......Page 267
Citizen Genêt......Page 268
Jay's Treaty......Page 269
Washington's Farewell and the Election of 1796......Page 270
The Crisis at Home, 1798–1800......Page 271
The Politicians and the Army......Page 272
THE REPUBLICAN PROGRAM......Page 273
Cleansing the Government......Page 274
The Jeffersonians and the Courts......Page 275
Justice Marshall's Court......Page 276
Louisiana......Page 277
Trouble on the High Seas......Page 278
Embargo......Page 279
The War Hawk Congress, 1811–1812......Page 280
The War with Canada, 1812–1813......Page 281
The British Offensive 1814......Page 283
The Hartford Convention......Page 284
CONCLUSION......Page 285
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 286
DISCOVERY......Page 287
9 THE MARKET REVOLUTION, 1815–1860......Page 289
The American System: The Bank of the United States......Page 290
Markets and the Law......Page 291
THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION......Page 292
Transportation in 1815......Page 293
Improvements: Canals and Railroads......Page 294
Markets and Regions......Page 296
Shaping the Northern Landscape......Page 297
The Northwest: Southern Migrants......Page 298
The Northwest: Northern Migrants......Page 299
Households......Page 300
Neighborhoods: The Landscape of Privacy......Page 301
Factory Towns: The Rhode Island System......Page 302
Factory Towns: The Waltham System......Page 303
Urban Businessmen......Page 304
Metropolitan Industrialization......Page 305
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: GANGS OF NEW YORK......Page 306
THE MARKET REVOLUTION IN THE SOUTH......Page 307
The Organization of Slave Labor......Page 308
Yeomen and Planters......Page 309
A Balance Sheet: The Plantation and Southern Development......Page 310
CONCLUSION......Page 311
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 312
DISCOVERY......Page 313
10 TOWARD AN AMERICAN CULTURE......Page 315
The Evangelical Base......Page 316
Domesticity......Page 317
Sentimentality......Page 318
Nature and Art......Page 319
Religion and the Common Folk......Page 320
Popular Millennialism......Page 321
The Prophet Joseph Smith......Page 322
Blood Sports......Page 323
An American Theater......Page 324
Minstrelsy......Page 325
Novels and the Penny Press......Page 326
Southern Families......Page 327
The Camp Meeting Becomes Respectable......Page 328
Proslavery Christianity......Page 329
The Slave Family......Page 330
White Missions......Page 331
Slave Christians......Page 332
Nat Turner......Page 333
CONCLUSION......Page 334
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 335
DISCOVERY......Page 336
11 SOCIETY, CULTURE, AND POLITICS, 1820S–1840S......Page 338
The North and West......Page 339
The South......Page 340
Government and Its Limits......Page 341
Banks......Page 342
Public Schools......Page 343
Ethnicity, Religion, and the Schools......Page 344
Prisons......Page 345
The South and Social Reform......Page 346
Ardent Spirits......Page 347
The Origins of Prohibition......Page 348
Temperance Schisms......Page 349
THE POLITICS OF RACE......Page 350
Discrimination......Page 351
Conceptions of Racial Difference......Page 352
The Beginnings of Antislavery......Page 353
Agitation......Page 354
THE POLITICS OF GENDER AND SEX......Page 356
Moral Reform......Page 357
Women's Rights......Page 358
CONCLUSION......Page 359
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 360
DISCOVERY......Page 361
12 JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY......Page 363
The West, 1803–1840s......Page 364
The Argument over Missouri......Page 365
The Panic of 1819......Page 366
The Election of 1824......Page 367
"A Corrupt Bargain"......Page 368
Nationalism in an International Arena......Page 369
The Birth of the Democratic Party......Page 370
A People's Inauguration......Page 371
The Spoils System......Page 373
Southerners and Indians......Page 374
Indian Removal......Page 375
Nullification......Page 376
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: AMISTAD......Page 377
The "Petticoat Wars"......Page 378
The Fall of Calhoun......Page 379
Petitions, the Gag Rule, and the Southern Mails......Page 380
The Bank War......Page 381
The Beginnings of the Whig Party......Page 382
A Balanced Budget......Page 383
"Martin Van Ruin"......Page 384
The Election of 1840......Page 385
CONCLUSION......Page 386
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 387
DISCOVERY......Page 388
13 MANIFEST DESTINY: AN EMPIRE FOR LIBERTY OR SLAVERY?......Page 390
Manifest Destiny and Slavery......Page 391
The Westering Impulse......Page 392
The Oregon and California Trails......Page 393
The Mormon Migration......Page 395
The Annexation Controversy......Page 396
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: THE ALAMO......Page 397
Acquisition of Texas and Oregon......Page 398
Military Campaigns of 1846......Page 399
Antiwar Sentiment......Page 400
The Wilmot Proviso......Page 401
THE ELECTION OF 1848......Page 403
The Gold Rush and California Statehood......Page 404
THE COMPROMISE OF 1850......Page 405
Passage of the Compromise......Page 406
The Fugitive Slave Law......Page 407
Enforcement and Defiance of the Fugitive Slave Law......Page 408
Uncle Tom's Cabin......Page 409
FILIBUSTERING......Page 410
CONCLUSION......Page 411
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 412
DISCOVERY......Page 414
14 THE GATHERING TEMPEST, 1853–1860......Page 416
KANSAS AND THE RISE OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY......Page 417
The Death of the Whig Party......Page 418
IMMIGRATION AND NATIVISM......Page 419
The Rise of the "Know-Nothings"......Page 420
MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: THE WALTZ— AN IMMORAL DANCE?......Page 421
BLEEDING KANSAS......Page 422
THE ELECTION OF 1856......Page 424
The Dred Scott Case......Page 426
The Lecompton Constitution......Page 427
THE ECONOMY IN THE 1850S......Page 428
The Southern Economy......Page 429
Labor Conditions in the North......Page 431
The Panic of 1857......Page 433
The Free-Labor Ideology......Page 434
Southern Non-Slaveholders......Page 435
THE LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES......Page 436
The Freeport Doctrine......Page 437
John Brown at Harpers Ferry......Page 438
CONCLUSION......Page 439
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 440
DISCOVERY......Page 441
15 SECESSION AND CIVIL WAR, 1860–1862......Page 443
THE ELECTION OF 1860......Page 444
Southern Fears......Page 445
Northerners Affirm the Union......Page 447
Compromise Proposals......Page 448
Establishment of the Confederacy......Page 449
The Fort Sumter Issue......Page 450
CHOOSING SIDES......Page 451
Border States......Page 452
The Creation of West Virginia......Page 453
THE BALANCE SHEET OF WAR......Page 454
Mobilizing for War......Page 455
Logistics......Page 456
Financing the War......Page 457
King Cotton Diplomacy......Page 458
The Confederate Navy......Page 459
The Monitor and the Virginia......Page 460
The Battle of Bull Run......Page 461
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson......Page 462
The Virginia Theater......Page 464
The Seven Days' Battles......Page 465
MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: WARTIME MUSIC AS INSPIRATION AND CATHARSIS......Page 466
The Second Battle of Bull Run......Page 467
CONCLUSION......Page 469
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 470
DISCOVERY......Page 471
16 A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM, 1862–1865......Page 473
The "Contrabands"......Page 474
The Decision for Emancipation......Page 475
New Calls for Troops......Page 476
The Battle of Antietam......Page 477
A WINTER OF DISCONTENT......Page 478
The Rise of the Copperheads......Page 479
The Wartime Draft and Class Tensions......Page 480
A Poor Man's Fight?......Page 481
Women and the War......Page 482
The Battle of Chancellorsville......Page 484
The Vicksburg Campaign......Page 486
Chickamauga and Chattanooga......Page 487
BLACK MEN IN BLUE......Page 489
THE YEAR OF DECISION......Page 490
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: GLORY......Page 491
Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor......Page 492
Stalemate in Virginia......Page 493
The Atlanta Campaign......Page 494
Peace Overtures......Page 495
The Issue of Black Soldiers in the Confederate Army......Page 496
The Shenandoah Valley......Page 497
Fort Fisher and Sherman's March through the Carolinas......Page 498
The Road to Appomattox......Page 499
The Assassination of Lincoln......Page 500
CONCLUSION......Page 501
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 502
DISCOVERY......Page 503
17 RECONSTRUCTION, 1863–1877......Page 505
WARTIME RECONSTRUCTION......Page 506
Radical Republicans and Reconstruction......Page 507
Johnson's Policy......Page 508
The Black Codes......Page 509
The Freedmen's Bureau......Page 510
Land for the Landless......Page 511
THE ADVENT OF CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION......Page 512
The 1866 Elections......Page 513
The Reconstruction Acts of 1867......Page 514
The Completion of Formal Reconstruction......Page 515
The Election of 1868......Page 516
Civil Service Reform......Page 517
Blacks in Office......Page 518
"Scalawags"......Page 519
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: BIRTH OF A NATION......Page 520
The Election of 1872......Page 521
THE RETREAT FROM RECONSTRUCTION......Page 522
The Mississippi Election of 1875......Page 523
The Election of 1876......Page 524
Disputed Results......Page 525
The End of Reconstruction......Page 526
CONCLUSION......Page 527
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 528
DISCOVERY......Page 529
APPENDIX......Page 532
GLOSSARY......Page 542
CREDITS......Page 550
INDEX......Page 552