Leishmaniasis: The Current Status and New Strategies for Control

Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Aetiology and Epidemiology: Overview....Pages 3-7
The Genus Leishmania in the Middle East and USSR....Pages 9-20
Epidemiology of Mediterranean Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania Infantum : Isoenzyme and kDna Analysis for The Identification of Parasites from Man, Vectors and Reservoirs....Pages 21-37
Leishmaniasis: Status in Tunisia (1986)....Pages 39-45
A Review of the Status of Leishmaniasis in Pakistan from 1960 – 1986....Pages 47-56
Zoonoses and Leishmaniasis....Pages 57-60
Reservoirs of Visceral Leishmaniasis....Pages 61-70
Effectiveness of Control Measures Against Canine Leishmaniasis in the Isle of Elba, Italy....Pages 71-76
The Incidence of Canine Leishmaniasis in Northern Greece: An Epizootiological Study of the Decade 1977–1987....Pages 77-82
Studies on the Role of the Ground Squirrel ( Citellus Citellus ): In the Epidemiology of Leishmaniasis....Pages 83-87
Field Application of A Direct Agglutination Test for Visceral Leishmaniasis....Pages 89-94
Leishmaniasis in the Lowlands of Bolivia (Leishbol) Part I . An Overview of the Integrated Project for the Characterization, Vigilance and Control of Leishmaniasis....Pages 95-102
Leishmaniasis in the Lowlands of Bolivia (Leishbol): Part II. Community Health Care for Spontaneous Settlers in Endemictropical Forest....Pages 103-108
Leishmaniasis in the Lowlands of Bolivia (Leishbol): Part III. Status of the Disease in an Area of Spontaneous Agricultural Colonization....Pages 109-115
Leishmaniasis in the Lowlands of Bolivia (Leishbol): Part IV. Field Identification Key for Lutzomya SPP. Based on Thoracic External Characters....Pages 117-121
Leishmaniasis in the Lowlands of Bolivia (Leishbol): Part V. Monthly Density of Lutzomya Yucumensis, Lu. Davisi and Lu. Carrerai carrerai in the Rain Forest of Yapacani, Department of Santa Cruz....Pages 123-127
Leishmaniasis in the Lowlands of Bolivia (Leishbol): Part VI. Flagellate Infection in Sandflies from the Rain Forest of Yapacani....Pages 129-130
Leishmaniasis in the Lowlands of Bolivia (Leishbol): Part VII. Preliminary Characterization of Eleven Leishmania Isolates....Pages 131-136
Leishmaniasis in the Lowlawnds of Bolivia (Leishbol): Part VIII. Characterization and Identification of Bolivian Isolates by PFG Karyotyping....Pages 137-148
The Distribution and Aetiology of Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the New World....Pages 149-157
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Epidemiological Studies on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Domestic and Peridomestic Sandfly Fauna....Pages 159-164
Evaluation of the Canine Reservoir of Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Methodological Review....Pages 165-171
Front Matter....Pages 173-173
The Ecology and Entomology of the Leishmaniases....Pages 175-178
Sandfly Breeding Sites....Pages 179-188
Leishmaniasis Research in Kenya: Parasite-Vector-Host Associations....Pages 189-206
Sandflies and Disease in Cyprus; 1944 – 1985....Pages 207-216
The Effect of Permethrin Impregnated Nets on Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Central Italy....Pages 217-223
Cuticular Hydrocarbon Analysis as a Tool in Sandfly Identification....Pages 225-234
Bioassays as an Indicator of Pheromone Communication in Lutzomyia Longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)....Pages 235-243
Why Measure the Vectorial Capacity of Sandflies?....Pages 245-251
Front Matter....Pages 253-253
Cell Biology and Immunology of Leishmaniasis....Pages 255-257
Studies of Immune Mechanisms in H-11-Linked Genetic Susceptibility to Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis....Pages 259-266
Characterization of Leishmania Donovani Infective (Metacyclic) Promastigotes from Axenic Cultures....Pages 267-270
Different Epitopes of the Macrophage Type Three Complement Receptor (CR3) Are Used to Bind Leishmania Promastigotes Harvested at Different Phases of Their Growth Cycle....Pages 271-279
Immunodominant Epitopes of the Leishmania Surface Membrane....Pages 281-293
Antigens Recognized by Sera from Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis....Pages 295-307
Interactions Between Leishmaniasis and Malaria....Pages 309-314
Modulation of Cell-Mediated Immunity in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis....Pages 315-323
The Local T Cell Response in Experimental Leishmaniasis....Pages 325-328
The Role of Specific T Cell Subsets in the Immunological Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis....Pages 329-334
Front Matter....Pages 253-253
Parameters of T Cell Activation in Murine Leishmaniasis....Pages 335-343
A Possible Role for Prostaglandins in Regulation of Disease in Murine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis....Pages 345-352
Use of a Dot-Elisa Procedure for the Detection of Specific Antibodies in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis....Pages 353-358
A Novel Method of Vaccination Using Parasite Membrane Antigens....Pages 359-366
Leishmania Major: Immune Responses Elicited by Carbohydrate-Lipid Containing Fractions (CLF)....Pages 367-378
Premunition, A Possible Limitation in the Prevention of the Leishmaniases by Vaccination....Pages 379-385
Immunological Profiles in Indian Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis....Pages 387-393
Evaluation of Non-Specific Immunity in Canine Leishmaniasis....Pages 395-400
Variation in Leishmania Species Expressed by Antigenic Glycoconjugates and Excreted Factor....Pages 401-408
Preliminary Studies on the Detection of Circulating Antigen in Visceral Leishmaniasis....Pages 409-415
The 63kDa Promastigote Protease of Lesihmania: Assessment of Host-Protection in Balb/C Mice using Liposomes as Adjuvant....Pages 417-422
Studies on Antigenicity of Amphiphilic and Hydrophilic Forms of Leishmania Major Promastigote Surface Protease in the Mouse....Pages 423-430
Histopathogenic Mechanisms in American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of Mice....Pages 431-439
The Role of Membrane-Stabilizing Drugs on Uptake of Leishmania Parasites by Human Macrophages....Pages 441-448
Generation of Megasomes During the Promastigote — Amastigote Transformation of Leishmania Mexicana Mexicana in Vitro....Pages 449-455
Treatment of Experimental Cutaneous and Visceral Murine Leishmaniasis with Recombinant Gamma-Interferon....Pages 457-466
Front Matter....Pages 467-467
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry: An Overview....Pages 469-471
Biochemical Mechanisms of Pentostam....Pages 473-478
EFFECTS OF SINEFUNGIN ON CELLULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL EVENTS IN PROMASTIGOTES OF LEISHMANIA d. donovani....Pages 479-486
Metabolism and Functions of Trypanothione with Special Reference to Leishmaniasis....Pages 487-494
Front Matter....Pages 467-467
The Sterols of Leishmania Promastigotes and Amastigotes: Possible Implications for Chemotherapy....Pages 495-501
Assessment of the Use in the Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis of Biotinylated Kinetoplast Derived DNA Sequences....Pages 503-513
Application of Total and Recombinant DNA Probes in the Diagnosis of Leishmania Infections....Pages 515-524
BIOTINYLATED kDNA FROM Leishmania braziliensis....Pages 525-532
Karyotype Analysis of Leishmania Donovani....Pages 533-537
Abnormally Migrating Chromosome Identifies Leishmania Donovani Populations....Pages 539-547
Kinetoplast DNA Probes for the Identification of the Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniases....Pages 549-554
Small Nucleic Acids in Leishmania....Pages 555-562
Gene Expression in the Infective Promastigotes of Leishmania Major....Pages 563-574
In Vitro and in Vivo Differentiation of L.Mexicana-Hsp70 Gene Expression....Pages 575-579
Thermoregulated Antigen Expression by Leishmania Promastigotes....Pages 581-588
A Simple, Highly Repetitive Sequence in the Leishmania Genome....Pages 589-596
Cloning and Characterisation of Leishmania Donovani Genes Coding for Immunodominant Antigens....Pages 597-601
Surface Antigens of Leishmania Infantum Identified by Monoclonal Antibodies: Isolation of a Monomeric and an Oligomeric form of a Major L. Infantum Antigen....Pages 603-610
Sequence Analysis of the Major Surface Glycoprotein of Leishmania Major ....Pages 611-617
Structure Function Studies on Leishmania Surface Membrane Proteins....Pages 619-625
The Promastigote Surface Protease of Leishmania: pH Optimum and Effects of Protease Inhibitors....Pages 627-633
Proteolysis in Leishmania: Species Differences and Developmental Changes in Proteinase Activity....Pages 635-642
The Leishmania Donovani Lipophosphoglycan: Structure and Function....Pages 643-650
Immunochemical Characterization of the Leishmania Donovani 3′-Nucleotidase....Pages 651-658
Front Matter....Pages 467-467
Interrelations between Glucose and Alanine Catabolism, Ammonia Production, and the D-Lactate Pathway in Leishmania Braziliensis....Pages 659-665
Leishmania Amastigotes: Adaptations for Growth in an Acidic in vivo Environment....Pages 667-676
Abrogation of Skin Lesions in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Ultraviolet B Irradiation....Pages 677-684
Evidence for Hybrid Formation in the Genus Leishmania....Pages 685-690
Front Matter....Pages 691-691
Chemotherapy — Overview....Pages 693-697
The Future for Antileishmanial Chemotherapeutic Agents: A Review....Pages 699-704
Chemotherapy of Mediterranean Visceral Leishmaniasis with Meglumine Antimoniate....Pages 705-709
The in vitro Susceptibility of Macrophages Infected with Amastigotes of Leishmania spp. to Pentavalent Antimonial Drugs and Other Compounds with Special Relevance to Cutaneous Isolates....Pages 711-720
Relapse in Kala Azar: Failure of Sodium Stibogluconate to Clear Parasites from Organs Other than the Liver....Pages 721-727
From Lysosomes to Cells, From Cells to Leishmania: Amino Acid Esters, Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents?....Pages 729-740
Antileishmanial Activity of L-Leucine Methyl Ester and L-Tryptophanamide....Pages 741-747
Inhibition of Leishmania Species by α-Difluoromethylornithine....Pages 749-756
Antileishmanial Effect of Sinefungin and its Derivatives....Pages 757-764
Effects of Lanosterol-14α-Demethylation Inhibitors on Propagation and Sterol Biosynthesis of Leishmania Promastigotes and Amastigotes....Pages 765-771
Effect of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins on Ribosomes from Leishmania and Their Possible Uses in Chemotherapy....Pages 773-779
Leishmaniasis-AIDS: Failure to Respond to Chemotherapy....Pages 781-782
Liposomes and Other Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Leishmaniasis....Pages 783-792
Carrier Mediated Therapy of Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis....Pages 793-805
Site Specific Antileishmanial Drug Delivery....Pages 807-817
Front Matter....Pages 819-819
New Strategies for Control Forum: Vector Control....Pages 821-822
Front Matter....Pages 819-819
Squash Blotting Phlebotomus Papatasi to Estimate Rates of Infection by Leishmania Major....Pages 823-824
Front Matter....Pages 825-825
New Strategies for Control Forum: Reservoir Control....Pages 827-831
Front Matter....Pages 833-833
New Strategy for Control Forum: Vaccination....Pages 835-837
Vaccination and the Immunological Control of Leishmaniasis....Pages 839-843
Front Matter....Pages 845-845
New Strategies for Control Forum : Chemotherapy....Pages 847-849
Strategies for the Design of New Antileishmanial Drugs....Pages 851-858
The Glycosome of Leishmania as a Possible Target for Chemotherapeutic Attack....Pages 859-863
Molecular Strategies for Antileishmanial Drug Design....Pages 865-872
Unstable and Stable Gene Amplification in Methotrexate-Resistant Leishmania Major and Natural Isolates of Leishmania Tarentolae....Pages 873-877
Potential Clinical Use of Sinefungin: Reduction of Toxicity and Enhancement of Activity....Pages 879-883
Effects of a Squalene-2,3-Epoxidase Inhibitor on Propagation and Sterol Biosynthesis of Leishmania Promastigotes and Amastigotes....Pages 885-890
Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins and Leishmania: New Strategies for Future Research....Pages 891-893
Front Matter....Pages 895-895
Workshop I: Characterisation and Taxonomy of Leishmania....Pages 897-899
Characterisation by Light Microscope “In Situ” Hybridisation within 12 Hours of Live Leishmania Observation....Pages 901-909
Enzyme Electrophoretic Evidence for the Importation of L. infantum into the New World....Pages 911-916
Chromosome Size Homologies im Leishmania Major Determined by Molecular Karyotyping....Pages 917-923
Identification of Leishmania Tropica by Species Specific Monoclonal Antibodies....Pages 925-929
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Leishmania Surface Membrane Antigen Expression....Pages 931-937
On the Clinical Manifestations and Parasites of Old World Leishmaniases and Leishmania Tropica Causing Visceral Leishmaniasis....Pages 939-943
Front Matter....Pages 945-945
Workshop II: Sandfly Systematics and Genetics....Pages 947-950
Front Matter....Pages 945-945
Sandfly Systematics: Epidemiological Requirements and Current Developments....Pages 951-956
DNA Probes for Vector Taxonomy....Pages 957-964
DNA Sequence Polymorphisms as Genotypic Markers for Phlebotomine Vectors of Leishmania....Pages 965-972
Front Matter....Pages 973-973
Workshop III: Molecular Genetics of Leishmania Development....Pages 975-976
Transcript Alteration in Leishmania....Pages 977-983
Circular and Linear Forms of Small Nucleic Acids in Leishmania....Pages 985-988
Front Matter....Pages 989-989
Workshop IV: Chemotherapy and the Immune Response....Pages 991-992
Clearance of L. Donovani from the Liver of Balb/c Mice Results in Local Resistance to Re-Infection....Pages 993-999
Front Matter....Pages 1001-1001
I — The Field Trip....Pages 1003-1006
II — Feral Reservoirs of Leishmaniasis on the Island of Zakinthos....Pages 1007-1010
III — Epidemiology of Human and Canine Leishmaniasis on the Island of Zakinthos....Pages 1011-1015
Photographs....Pages 1017-1021
List of Participants....Pages 1023-1034
Back Matter....Pages 1035-1041