Legislative Deferrals: Statutory Ambiguity, Judicial Power, and American Democracy

Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Acknowledgments......Page 11
Preface......Page 15
1 Rethinking Judicial Policy Making in a Separation of Powers System......Page 25
THE LEGISLATIVE BASELINE FRAMEWORK AND LEGISLATIVE DEFERRALS......Page 27
Two Basic Methodological Assumptions Used to Analyze Cases......Page 29
Legislative Deferrals and the Policy and Power Assumptions......Page 31
Background Assumptions about Democratic and Legislative Politics......Page 37
Legislative Deferrals and the Electoral Constraint
 and Pure Politics Assumptions......Page 40
Assumptions about Institutional Processes......Page 48
Deference, Deferrals, and the Conflict and Competition Assumptions......Page 51
DEFERRAL DENIAL: THE PERSISTENCE OF THE LEGISLATIVE BASELINE FRAMEWORK......Page 57
UNCOVERING LEGISLATIVE DEFERENCE TO THE COURTS......Page 63
2 False Victories......Page 66
JUDGES, LEGISLATORS, AND THE SHAPING OF THE AMERICAN LABOR MOVEMENT: A REASSESSMENT......Page 67
THE LABOR INJUNCTION: A BRIEF HISTORY AND SOME NOTES ON CONTEXT......Page 75
THE LEGAL CONTEXT......Page 81
LABOR’S GRIEVANCES AND PROPOSALS FOR REFORM......Page 85
3 “As Harmless as an Infant”......Page 92
SYMBOLISM OVER SUBSTANCE: THE ERDMAN ACT IN CONGRESS AND THE COURTS......Page 98
The Erdman Act in Congress: 1895–1898......Page 100
The Sound of Silence: Section 10 in Congress......Page 102
Creating a Role for the Courts......Page 104
“Their Blood Will Be on Their Own Heads”: Labor Organizations and Congressional Support for Olney’s Bill, 1895–1898......Page 110
“As Harmless as an Infant”: The Erdman Act as Symbolism over Substance......Page 117
CONCLUSION......Page 119
4 Killing with Kindness......Page 123
THE ANTITRUST EXEMPTION : SECTION 6 IN CONGRESS AND THE COURTS......Page 128
The Antitrust Exemption in Congress 1890–1914......Page 131
JURISDICTION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS: THE FIRST PARAGRAPH OF SECTION 20......Page 149
EMPLOYERS, EMPLOYEES, AND LABOR DISPUTES: THE SECOND PARAGRAPH OF SECTION 20......Page 157
Controversies in Congress about Who was Covered by Section 20......Page 162
‘‘NOTHING BUT A HUMBUG AND A SHAM’’: WHAT ACTIVITIES ARE COVERED UNDER SECTION 20?......Page 167
Section 20 in Congress: What Actions are Immunized by Section 20?......Page 169
CONCLUSIONS......Page 178
Building an Alternative Account of the Impact of the Courts......Page 180
5 The Norris-LaGuardia Act, for Once......Page 185
NORRIS-LAGUARDIA IN CONGRESS AND THE COURTS......Page 192
The New Legislative Attack on Yellow-Dog Contracts: A Constitutional Confrontation that Barely Arose......Page 194
Congressional Discussion of the Constitutionality of the Yellow-Dog Provisions......Page 197
The Jurisdictional Strategy Revisited: Sections 7 and 8 of Norris-LaGuardia......Page 202
Sections 7 and 8 in Congress......Page 206
Immunizing Collective Activities: What Activities Are Exempted by Section 4?......Page 214
Immunizing Collective Activities: Section 4 in Congress......Page 217
Immunizing Collective Activities, Part 2: Who Is Protected by Section 4?......Page 224
Defining “Labor Dispute”: Sections 4 and 13 in Congress......Page 226
LESSONS FROM A LEGISLATIVE VICTORY: CONGRESS, LABOR ORGANIZATIONS, AND THE NORRIS-LAGUARDIA ACT......Page 230
Why Did Norris-LaGuardia Pass?......Page 235
6 Legislative Deferrals and Judicial Policy Making in the Administrative State......Page 241
THE SUPREME COURT AND THE RIGHT TO STRIKE......Page 249
Mackay and Permanent Replacements......Page 252
Sands and Midterm Strikes......Page 254
THE WAGNER ACT IN CONGRESS: REPLACEMENT WORKERS AND MIDTERM STRIKES......Page 258
Proposed Labor Relations Bills in Congress: 1934–1935......Page 259
The Evolution of the Right to Strike Provision in the Wagner Act......Page 261
Permanent Replacements and Reinstatement in Congress......Page 266
Ensuring Worker Compliance with Collective Bargaining “Contracts”......Page 270
CONCLUSION......Page 273
7 Conclusion......Page 276
FACTORS AFFECTING DECISIONS TO EXPAND THE ROLE OF THE COURTS......Page 278
Organizational Imperatives and Organizational Side Effects......Page 279
Shaping Institutions and Shaping Movements......Page 282
BEYOND THE VALLEY OF THE LEGISLATIVE BASELINE FRAMEWORK......Page 285
PRIMARY SOURCES ON FEDERAL LEGISLATION......Page 289
AFL-RELATED PRIMARY MATERIALS......Page 293
References......Page 294
Index......Page 303