Legal Personality in International Law

Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 4
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Foreword......Page 15
Acknowledgments......Page 17
Table of cases......Page 19
Abbreviations......Page 25
Introduction......Page 27
Part I: The concept of personality in international law......Page 31
1 Notion......Page 33
2 Conceptions......Page 39
3 Significance......Page 45
Part II: The conceptions of personality in international law: their origins and legal manifestations......Page 55
4 Early doctrine and practice......Page 57
Before Vattel: international law as an all-embracing web of laws......Page 58
Vattel: international law as an inter-state law......Page 61
After Vattel: pragmatic law-application, unresolved law-creation......Page 64
5 The states-only conception......Page 68
Basic propositions......Page 69
Origins of the basic propositions......Page 73
The problem of German (and Italian) statehood......Page 74
The state as a historical fact absorbing individuals......Page 78
Law as an expression of state will......Page 85
Main manifestations in legal practice......Page 90
The Mavrommatis-formula......Page 91
The Jurisdiction of the Courts of Danzig Advisory Opinion......Page 94
The Serbian Loans statement on state contracts......Page 99
The direct effect of European Community law......Page 103
Basic propositions......Page 106
Origins of the basic propositions......Page 110
Germany and Italy transformed......Page 112
The framework of the states-only conception confirmed......Page 116
Supplementation with a sociological perspective......Page 119
The Reparation for Injuries Advisory Opinion......Page 125
The international legal status of the ICRC......Page 136
The Holy See and the Order of Malta as international persons......Page 141
The Texaco/Calasiatic v. Libya award......Page 145
7 The individualistic conception......Page 152
Basic propositions......Page 154
Origins of the basic propositions......Page 159
Interwar Europe......Page 160
The state as a functional entity shaped by individuals......Page 165
Constitutional principles as sources of law......Page 173
The Nuremberg judgment and international criminal law......Page 180
Civil responsibility of private parties for ius cogens violations......Page 188
International human rights law in the ECHR......Page 193
Basic propositions......Page 199
Origins of the basic propositions......Page 203
Devolution of empire and scientific method......Page 204
The normative view of the state......Page 209
Law as a formally complete system of positive norms......Page 217
The ICJ’s decision in LaGrand and individual treaty rights......Page 223
The effect of Article 42 ICSID Convention (Amco v. Indonesia)......Page 230
9 The actor conception......Page 234
Basic propositions......Page 236
Origins of the basic propositions......Page 239
American realism......Page 240
The rule-sceptic view of law......Page 243
The reconciliation of the normative and the actual......Page 249
The Bank for International Settlements arbitration......Page 254
The International Tin Council cases and beyond......Page 259
The award in Sandline v. Papua New Guinea......Page 265
Part III: A framework for personality in international law......Page 269
Recapitulation......Page 271
The state: fact vs. legal status......Page 274
Individual freedom: inside vs. outside the state......Page 280
Particular vs. general international law......Page 283
Effective action vs. principled justification......Page 290
Conclusion......Page 294
Basic principles......Page 297
Implications for particular legal issues......Page 303
Conclusion......Page 308
Bioliography......Page 310
Index......Page 337