Legacies of Crime: A Follow-Up of the Children of Highly Delinquent Girls and Boys

Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction......Page 15
ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK......Page 18
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review and Conceptual Framework......Page 21
PARENTAL CRIMINALITY AS A RISK FACTOR......Page 22
PROSPECTIVE STUDIES......Page 24
THE LIFE-COURSE PERSPECTIVE......Page 28
PRIOR RESEARCH/THEORIZING ABOUT GENDER AND CRIME......Page 33
THE CHILDREN OF INCARCERATED PARENTS......Page 38
MECHANISMS UNDERLYING INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION: A FOCUS ON SOCIAL LEARNING PROCESSES......Page 41
SELF AND IDENTITY......Page 44
AGENCY......Page 45
EMOTION......Page 46
CHAPTER THREE: The Ohio Life-Course Study......Page 49
INITIAL INTERVIEW WITH THE OLS RESPONDENTS AS ADOLESCENTS......Page 51
THE FIRST ADULT FOLLOW-UP......Page 57
THE CONTENT OF THE FIRST ADULT INTERVIEW......Page 60
THE SECOND FOLLOW-UP: PARENT AND CHILD INTERVIEWS......Page 62
THE OLS CHILD INTERVIEW......Page 64
COMPARISON SAMPLE: THE TOLEDO ADOLESCENT RELATIONSHIPS SURVEY......Page 65
CHAPTER FOUR: OLS Adult Respondents: offending, surviving, Parenting......Page 67
CRIME: PERSISTENCE AND DESISTANCE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION......Page 71
EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE......Page 83
PROPERTY CRIMES......Page 92
EDUCATIONAL AND OCCUPATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS AS ADULTS......Page 94
MARRIAGE AND OTHER INTIMATE PARTNERSHIPS......Page 97
PARENTING EXPERIENCES......Page 100
CHAPTER FIVE: How Have the OLS Children Fared?......Page 110
SCHOOL PROBLEMS......Page 114
DELINQUENCY INVOLVEMENT......Page 116
DANIELLA WILSON......Page 122
LYNEICE......Page 125
MAURICE......Page 127
RICKELLE......Page 129
CURTIS AND ASHLEY......Page 133
PARENTAL PREDICTORS OF VARIATIONS IN CHILD OUTCOMES......Page 135
CHAPTER SIX: The Intergenerational Transmission Process......Page 139
A NEO-MEADIAN PERSPECTIVE ON INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION......Page 141
AGENCY......Page 143
IDENTITY......Page 144
BRINGING EMOTIONS IN......Page 146
EMOTIONS ARE SOCIAL......Page 147
EMOTIONS HAVE RATIONAL OR “COGNITIVE” UNDERPINNINGS......Page 148
EMOTIONS ARE AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE SELF’S CONTENT......Page 149
EMOTIONS ARE IMPORTANT TO AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION PROCESS......Page 150
PARENTS, EVEN IF DEVIANT, RARELY REVEAL THIS TO THEIR CHILDREN......Page 153
DIRECT TRANSMISSION......Page 158
A LIFE-COURSE PERSPECTIVE ON PARENTAL INCARCERATION EFFECTS......Page 161
MAKING THE EMOTIONS-DELINQUENCY CONNECTION......Page 164
IDENTITY FORMATION AS A “LOADED” PROCESS......Page 165
WIDENING THE NET OF DELINQUENT ASSOCIATIONS......Page 166
PARENTAL CRIMINALITY AS AN INFLUENCE ON THE ADOLESCENTS’ FRIENDS AND ROMANTIC PARTNERS......Page 167
ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP EXPERIENCES......Page 169
A SAMPLE OF RESPONSES OF OLS PARENTS......Page 173
CHAPTER SEVEN: “Success Stories”: it’s All Relative......Page 177
ON THE LIMITS OF RESILIENCE AS A “KINDS OF PEOPLE” PHENOMENON......Page 178
POSITIVE ADAPTATION AS EVIDENCED WITHIN THE LIFE-HISTORY NARRATIVES......Page 180
DEVELOPING AN IDENTITY-IN-CONTRAST......Page 181
THE CARETAKERS......Page 184
CHILDREN OF GOD......Page 189
WHY RELIGION?......Page 191
LIMITATIONS OF SPIRITUALITY AS A PROSOCIAL ANCHOR FOR THE OLS RESPONDENTS......Page 201
(1) The immediacy of disadvantaged neighborhoods and social networks may swamp the positive effects of spirituality.......Page 203
(2) New problems that continue to arise may be associated with depression and angry emotions, heightening risk for violence or using drugs and other negative coping strategies.......Page 206
STRONG FUTURE ORIENTATION: THE IMPORTANCE OF LONG-TERM GOALS......Page 210
ADULTS WHO CARE AND REPRESENT A STRONG CONTRAST......Page 214
OTHER POSITIVES WITHIN THE NARRATIVES......Page 215
CHAPTER EIGHT: Theoretical and Policy Implications of the OLS Study......Page 219
THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE OLS FOLLOW-UP......Page 221
(1) The need to move beyond the exclusive focus on effects of parental incarceration.......Page 228
(2) Need to target family dynamics highlighted by social learning perspectives.......Page 231
(3) Need to take into account the children’s points of view.......Page 236
(4) Need to develop a more nuanced approach to family reunification.......Page 237
(5) It is important to assign a high priority to the provision of services to women with early problem/delinquent backgrounds and to the well-being and safety of their children.......Page 239
References......Page 245
Index......Page 259