Learn Ethereum: Build your own decentralized applications with Ethereum and smart contracts

Cover
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
About Packt
Contributors
Table of Contents
Preface
Section 1: Blockchain and Ethereum Basics
Chapter 1: Blockchain and Cryptocurrency
	Technical Requirements
	Introducing blockchain technology
		Decentralized P2P network
		How does blockchain work?
	Rehashing cryptography
		Public key cryptography
		Cryptographic hash function
		Digital signature
	Anatomizing a blockchain consensus mechanism
		What is consensus?
		Proof-of-work
			How PoW works
			Targets and difficulty
			Incentives and rewards
			Double-spend issues
			Advantages and disadvantages
		Proof-of-stake
		Forking
			Hard fork
			Soft fork
	Understanding Bitcoin and cryptocurrency
		Bitcoin basics
		What is a wallet?
		Transactions, UTXO, and account balances
		Genesis block and coin supply
		How does Bitcoin payment work?
			Bitcoin transaction and block structure
			Transaction validation and block verification
		Limitations in Bitcoin
		Altcoins
	Ushering in the world of Ethereum
		Smart contract
		Ethereum Virtual Machine
		Account
	Summary
Chapter 2: Ethereum Architecture and Ecosystem
	Technical Requirements
	Introducing Ethereum architecture
		Ethereum – the world computer
			The world of decentralization
	Diving deep into Ethereum
		Account
			Two types of accounts
			Externally owned account
			Contract account
		Transactions and messages
		Smart contract
		Ether and gas
		The Ethereum Virtual Machine
		Address and wallet
			Addresses in Ethereum
			Ethereum wallet
			Wallet tools
	Understanding mining in Ethereum
		Mining and consensus protocol
		Ethereum transaction and block structure
		Transaction validation and block verification
		Shift to proof-of-stake
	Working with tools and technologies in Ethereum ecosystem
		Ethereum client
		The Web3 Server API
		DApp development tools
	Summary
Chapter 3: Deep Research on Ethereum
	Technical Requirements
	Understanding challenges in distributed systems
		The CAP theorem
		Horizontal scaling versus vertical scaling
	Scaling Ethereum
		Blockchain scalability trilemma
		Ethereum scaling solutions
			Block size
			Altcoins
			On-chain solutions
			Off-chain solutions
			ZK-SNARK
		State channel with Raiden
		Ethereum side chain with Plasma
		Ethereum sharding and Casper
		PoS consensus in Ethereum
	Following up on EVM and lower-level protocol improvements
	Implementing Ethereum 2.0 roadmap
	Introducing cryptoassets and Ethereum token standards
		Initial coin offerings
		STO and IEO
		Ethereum token standards
			Fungible and non-fungible tokens
			ERC-20
			ERC-721
		Stablecoin
			Dai stablecoin
		Making sense of cryptoeconomics
	Working with decentralized data and content storage
		Swarm
		IPFS
		BigchainDB
	Decentralized messaging with Whisper
	Summary
Section 2: Blockchain Development Cycle
Chapter 4: Solidity Fundamentals
	Technical Requirements
	Introducing Solidity
		Tools for the Solidity development environment
			Browser-based IDEs
			Standalone IDE with Solidity plugins
			Command-line development management tools
	Learning the fundamental programming structure in Solidity
		The layout of a Solidity source file
			Pragma
			Comments
			Import
		Structure of a contract
		State variables
			Built-in data types
			User-defined data type
		Functions
			Input parameters
			Output parameters
			Access modifiers
			The pure, view, and payable functions
			Constructor and destructor functions
			Fallback function
			Function overloading
		Function modifiers
		Events
		Global variables, contextual variables, and functions
	Understanding inheritance, abstract contracts, and interfaces
		Interface
		Abstract contract
		Inheritance
			Multiple inheritance and the diamond problem
			Function overriding
	Examining smart contract execution under the hood
	Mastering advanced programming concepts in Solidity
		Smart contract security
			Keep contracts simple and modular
			Use the checks-effects-interactions pattern
			DoS with block gas limit
			Handle errors in external calls
		Best practices in smart contracts
			Access restriction
			State machine
		Writing upgradable smart contracts
			Contract proxy and delegate
			Eternal storage
		Economic consideration of smart contract execution
	Putting it all together – rental property leasing
	Summary
Chapter 5: Developing Your Own Cryptocurrency
	Technical Requirements
	Understanding token standards
	Setting up an Ethereum development environment
		Working with Truffle
	Creating an ERC-20 token
		Creating basic token information
		Defining and implementing the ERC-20 interface
		Assigning an admin role
		Working with the whitelist function
		Locking and unlocking an account
		The mint and burn tokens
	Creating ERC 721 token – the DigitalArt token
		Designing the decentralized digital art marketplace
		Setting up the DigitalArtERC721Token project
		Creating the basic token information
		Defining and implementing the ERC-721 standard
		Defining the art and art transaction struct
		Creating a non-fungible digital art token
		Implementing the buyArt() function
		Implementing the resellArt() function
		Implementing the findArt() function
		Implementing the findMyArts() function
		Implementing the findAllPendingArt() function
		Getting all art transactions through getArtAllTxn() 
	Summary
Section 3: Ethereum Implementations
Chapter 6: Smart Contract Development and Test Fundamentals
	Technical Requirements
	Understanding Remix development fundamentals
		Working with the Solidity compiler
		Analysis
		Testing
		Deploying and running transactions
		Debugging
	Understanding development using Truffle and unit testing
		The Truffle console and development features
		Running a Truffle migration
		Truffle unit testing
		Truffle Box
	Security testing
		Static and dynamic analysis
			MythX
			Securify
		Working with a linter
			Working with solhint
	Summary
Chapter 7: Writing UI for the DApps
	Technical requirements
	Knowing about DApps
	Working with Web3 JavaScript API
	Setting up a DApp development environment
		Installing Ganache desktop
		Creating a development workspace
		Setting up the project for our DApp
		Deploying a smart contract
		Installing MetaMask and connecting to Ganache
		Setting MetaMask Ganache accounts
	Building frontend UI components
		Setting up project dependencies
		Getting the instance of a deployed contract
		Building a navigation bar
			The ART GALLERY page
			The PUBLISH YOUR ARTS page
			The MY WALLET INFO page
	Running the decentralized digital art market DApp
		Publishing your art (the first account)
		My wallet info (the first account)
		Publishing your art (the second account)
		My wallet info (the second account)
		Buying art (the second account)
		Reselling art
	Summary
Chapter 8: Ethereum Tools and Frameworks
	Technical requirements
	Understanding the Ethereum development tools and frameworks
		Working with Infura
		Working with the Infura Ethereum API
		Using Remix with Infura
	The Ethereum client API
		Working with Web3j
	Ethereum storage
		Knowing the IPFS protocol
		Installing IPFS
		Starting an IPFS node
		Running an IPFS example
			Publishing a simple page in the command line
			Publishing and querying IPFS via Infura
		Working with Swarm
			Installing Swarm
			Installing Geth
			Running an example of Swarm
	Ethereum messages – Whisper
		Whisper protocol
		Whisper envelopes
		Whisper message
		Whisper example
	Popular smart contract libraries
		Working with OpenZeppelin
			Setting up a dev environment
			Access control
			Math
			Token
			Utils
	Summary
Section 4: Production and Deployment
Chapter 9: Creating an Ethereum Private Chain
	Technical requirements
	Understanding a private and permissioned blockchain
	Setting up a local private Ethereum blockchain
		Private blockchains without mining
			Setting up the environment
			Configuring the custom genesis file
			Running Geth
		Private blockchains with mining
			Setting up an environment
			Configuring the custom genesis file
			Running Geth
			Creating a new account
			Mining on a local private network
	Using optional flags with new chains
		Commands
		Ethereum options
		Developer chain options
		API and console options
		Networking options
		Transaction pool options
	Introducing the popular private blockchains in the industry
		Hyperledger
			Hyperledger Fabric
			Hyperledger Sawtooth
		Corda
		Quorum
	Private blockchains use cases
		Financial services
			Payments
			Audit and assurance
		Healthcare
			Medical records
			Medical costs
			Drugs
		Food supply chain
	Summary
Chapter 10: Deployment of Your Smart Contract
	Technical requirements
	Deploying smart contracts with testnet
		Deploying a smart contract to the Goerli testnet with MyCrypto
			Creating a MetaMask account
			Getting test ether
			Deploying the smart contract
			Viewing deployed smart contracts on Etherscan
			Interacting with the deployed smart contract 
		Deploying a smart contract to the Ropsten testnet with MyEtherWallet
			Accessing or creating a new wallet on MyEtherWallet
			Getting test ether
			Deploying the smart contract
	Monitoring smart contracts
		Ethereum developer APIs 
		Further reading on uncle nodes
	Summary
Chapter 11: Building Ethereum Wallets
	Technical requirements
	Understanding the wallet technology
		Understanding non-deterministic and deterministic wallets
		Mnemonic code words (BIP-39)
		Stretching mnemonic code words to the seed of the deterministic wallet
		HD wallets (BIP-32)
			Deriving a tree of keypairs
			Deriving wallet structure
		HD wallet path
			Multipurpose HD wallets (BIP-43)
			Multi-currency and multi-account wallets (BIP-44)
		Generating a private key in Ethereum
	Creating an Ethereum wallet
		Creating a non-deterministic wallet
			Viewing the Keystore file generated by the geth command
			Creating a non-deterministic wallet with MyCrypto
			Creating a non-deterministic wallet with MyEtherWallet
		Creating an HD wallet
	Working with third-party Ethereum wallets
		Wallets on different platforms
		Multi-signature wallets
		Smart contract wallets
		Hot and cold wallets
		Transferring funds between wallets
	Summary
Section 5: Conclusion
Chapter 12: Conclusion
	Technical requirements
	Facing the challenges of Ethereum and blockchain
		Consensus protocol and scalability
		UI/UX, usability, and design thinking
		Ethereum governance
		Government regulations
		Mainstream adoption
		A few more words about privacy
	Glancing over the Ethereum ecosystem
		Tools and infrastructure
		Decentralized applications
		AML and KYC
	Emerging technology fusion – blockchain, AI/ML, and IoT
		Internet of blockchains
		Blockchain meets AI and ML
		Smart things on a decentralized network
	Meeting the future of Ethereum
	Summary
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Index