Laws and Models: Science, Engineering, and Technology

Laws and Models: Science, Engineering and Technology......Page 1
Preface......Page 2
A System of Logic......Page 4
Predictions......Page 5
Fundamental Assumptions in Modeling......Page 6
Unity Across Disparate Events......Page 7
Theory and Data, Data and Theory......Page 8
Author......Page 10
Acknowledgments......Page 11
Disclaimer......Page 12
Possible First Recorded Physical Law......Page 13
Definitions and Descriptions......Page 14
List of Illustrations......Page 17
Abbreviations......Page 19
Physical Constants (in SI units)......Page 20
Contents......Page 22
Back Cover......Page 23
ABRAMS LAW (1919)......Page 25
ACCELERATION NUMBER,KO OR NKO......Page 26
Gloger Rule......Page 27
ADIABATIC LAW......Page 28
AIRLIGHT LAW —SEE KOSCHMIEDER......Page 29
ALFVÉN NUMBER (Al)OR ALFVÉN SPEED OR ALFVÉN GROUP......Page 30
ALGEBRA OF PROPOSITIONS,LAWS OF;ALGEBRA,FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF......Page 31
ALLEN PARADOXIC (PARADOXICAL)LAW (DIABETES)......Page 32
ALL-OR-NONE LAW OF EXCITATION (1871)(1917);ALL-OR-NOTHING LAW; ADRIAN PRINCIPLE;ADRIAN-BRONK LAW......Page 33
AMAGAT LAW OF ADDITIVE VOLUMES (1877)OR AMAGAT-LEDUC LAW OR RULE......Page 34
AMPERE LAW (1827);AMPERE-LAPLACE LAW;LAPLACE LAW......Page 35
ANGSTROM LAW (1861)......Page 36
APEX LAW or RULE......Page 37
ARCHIMEDES LAW (c. 240 b.c.); ARCHIMEDEAN PRINCIPLE; ARCHIMEDES BUOYANCY FORCE......Page 38
Weddle Rule......Page 39
ARITHMETIC SERIES —SEE ARITHMETICAL PROGRESSION,LAW OF......Page 40
ARRHENIUS-OSTWALD THEORY OF ACIDS AND BASES......Page 41
ASSOCIATION,LAW OF (GEOLOGY)......Page 42
ATMOSPHERES,LAW OF......Page 43
AUSTIN-COHEN LAW......Page 44
AVOGADRO LAW (1811)OR HYPOTHESIS;POSTULATE OF EQUAL VOLUMES, LAW OF......Page 45
AXES,LAW OF (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY)......Page 46
BACTERIAL GROWTH,LAW OF;OR LAW OF ORGANIC GROWTH......Page 47
BALFOUR LAW......Page 48
BARBA LAW (1880)......Page 49
BARUCH LAW......Page 50
BAUSCHINGER EFFECT......Page 51
BCS THEORY (1957)(SUPERCONDUCTIVITY)......Page 52
BEER-LAMBERT ABSORPTION LAW (1852)......Page 53
BELONGINGNESS,LAW OF (1931)......Page 54
BERNOULLI-EULER LAW,THEORY OF FLEXURE (1744)......Page 55
BERNOULLI PRINCIPLE (1738);BERNOULLI LAW;BERNOULLI LAW OF HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE (FLUIDS)......Page 56
BERTHELOT-NERNST LAW......Page 57
BETTI LAW OR THEOREM......Page 58
BIG BANG MODEL (1927;1946 * )......Page 59
BIOCLIMATIC LAW......Page 60
BIOTIC LAW (1953)......Page 61
BIOT NUMBER,Bi OR NBi......Page 62
BIVALENCE,PRINCIPLE OF OR LAW OF......Page 63
BLAGDEN LAW (1788)......Page 64
BLOCH LAW (LIGHT FLASHES)(1885)—SEE BUNSEN-ROSCOE......Page 65
BLONDEL-REY LAW (1911);ALSO CALLED TALBOT LAW......Page 66
BODENSTEIN NUMBER,Bo OR NBo......Page 67
BOILING POINT LAW,GENERAL......Page 68
BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION LAW (1871)......Page 69
BOND NUMBER,Bo OR NBo (1928)......Page 70
Absorption,Laws of......Page 71
BOSCOVICH LAW OF FORCES BETWEEN PARTICLES (1745);UNIVERSAL FORCE LAW (1758)......Page 72
BOUGUER ANOMALY LAW......Page 73
BOUSSINESQ LAW......Page 74
BOYLE LAW (1660);BOYLE-MARIOTTE LAW;MARIOTTE LAW (1675)......Page 75
BRAGG-PIERCE LAW......Page 76
BREWSTER LAW (1811)......Page 77
BRÖNSTED CATALYSIS LAW OR RELATION (1923);BRÖNSTED-LOWRY LAW; LOWRY-BRÖNSTED LAW......Page 78
First Corollary......Page 79
Fourth Law......Page 80
BUCKINGHAM THEORY OR LAW (1914)......Page 81
BULK MODULUS NUMBER OR ELASTIC MODULUS......Page 82
BUOYANCY NUMBER,Buoy OR NBuoy OR PARAMETER......Page 83
BUYS BALLOT LAW (1857);BARIC WIND LAW;BASIC WIND LAW......Page 84
CAMP-MEIDELL CONDITION,INEQUALITY OR LAW (1921)......Page 85
CAPILLARITY NUMBER,CAP OR NCap......Page 86
CARNOT LAW (1824);CARNOT EFFICIENCY LAW;CARNOT NUMBER,Ca OR NCa......Page 87
CARREL LAW;CIRCATRIZATION,MATHEMATICAL LAW OF......Page 88
CATEGORICAL JUDGMENT,LAW OF......Page 89
CAVITATION NUMBER,......Page 90
CHAPMAN LAW......Page 91
CHARLES-GAY-LUSSAC LAW......Page 92
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM,LAW OF;GULDBERG AND WAAGE LAW (1863)......Page 93
CHILD LAW;CHILD-LANGMUIR LAW (1911);LANGMUIR-CHILD LAW......Page 94
V locity,Law of......Page 95
CLAUSIUS LAW (1850)......Page 96
CLAUSIUS NUMBER,Cl OR NCl......Page 97
COERCION TO CULTURAL-GENETIC MEAN,LAW OF......Page 98
COLBURN EQUATION......Page 99
COLOR MIXTURE,THREE LAWS OF......Page 100
COMBINATION LAW OF PROBABILITY......Page 101
COMBUSTION,LAWS OF......Page 102
COMPLEMENTARITY LAW OF PROBABILITY......Page 103
COMPOUND PENDULUM,LAW OF......Page 104
CONDENSATION NUMBER,Co OR NCo......Page 105
CONJUGACY,GENERAL LAW OF......Page 106
CONSERVATION LAWS (FLUID FLOW),DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF......Page 107
CONSERVATION OF ELECTRON FAMILY MEMBER......Page 108
CONSERVATION OF KINETIC ENERGY,LAW OF —SEE CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM......Page 109
CONSERVATION OF MASS FOR A CONTROL VOLUME,LAW OF......Page 110
CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM,LAW OF;NEWTON THIRD LAW......Page 111
CONSERVATION OF SPIN,LAW OF......Page 112
CONSTANCY,LAW OF (PSYCHOLOGICAL)OR PRINCIPLE OF CONSTANCY......Page 113
CONSTANT GROWTH QUOTIENT,LAW OF —SEE RUBNER......Page 114
CONTINUITY,LAW OF......Page 115
CONTRAST,LAW OF;ARISTOTLE PRINCIPLE......Page 116
COPE LAW......Page 117
CORIOLIS PARAMETER,fc......Page 118
CORRESPONDING STATES,LAW OF (1881)......Page 119
COSINE LAW (ANGLES);LAW OF COSINES......Page 120
COULOMB LAW OF FORCE OF TORSION OF A METAL WIRE OR ROD......Page 121
COURVOISIER LAW......Page 122
CRAMER LAW (1942)(MEDICAL)......Page 123
CROCCO NUMBER,Cr OR NCr......Page 124
CUBIC LAW......Page 125
CURIE-WEISS LAW (1907);CURIE-WEISS LAW FOR FERROMAGNETISM......Page 126
CYBERNETICS,LAW OF (1948)—SEE REQUISITE VARIETY......Page 127
DALTON LAW OF ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER (1803,1808)......Page 128
DAMKÖHLER FIRST NUMBER,DaI OR NDal (1936);ALSO CALLED DAMKÖHLER RATIO......Page 129
DAMKÖHLER FOURTH NUMBER,......Page 130
D ’ARCY LAW FOR PACKED BEDS......Page 131
DEAN NUMBER,De OR NDe......Page 132
DEBYE-HÜCKEL LIMITING LAW (1923)......Page 133
DECAY LAW FOR RADIOACTIVITY (1902)......Page 134
DEFINITE COMPOSITION LAW;OR CONSTANT COMPOSITION,LAW OF; DEFINITE ACTION,LAW OF;ALSO KNOWN AS DEFINITE PROPORTIONS LAW......Page 135
DE LA RUE AND MILLER LAW......Page 136
DERIVATION,LAW OF......Page 137
Second Law......Page 138
DETERMINISM,LAW OF;OR DETERMINISTIC LAW......Page 139
DE WAELE POWER LAW (1923)......Page 140
1.Fick First Law......Page 141
DIMENSIONLESS GROUPS AND NUMBERS......Page 142
DISHARMONY LAW......Page 143
DISTRIBUTION LAW (CHEMICAL)(1872)......Page 144
DISTRIBUTIVE LAW OF MULTIPLICATION OVER ADDITION......Page 145
DOLLO LAW OR RULE,OR DOLLO LAW OF IRREVERSIBILITY......Page 146
DRAG FOR HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBERS,LAW OF......Page 147
DREW NUMBER,D OR ND......Page 148
DUANE-HUNT LAW (C.1915);DUANE AND HUNT LAW;ALSO PLANCK- EINSTEIN EQUATION;QUANTUM-ENERGY LAW......Page 149
DULONG AND PETIT COOLING LAW;5/4TH POWER LAW......Page 150
DULONG NUMBER,......Page 151
DYNAMIC SIMILARITY PARAMETERS —SEE FROUDE NUMBER (GRAVITY); PRANDTL NUMBER (HEAT CONDUCTION);REYNOLDS NUMBER (VISCOSITY)......Page 152
ECOLOGICAL VALENCY,LAW OF RELATIVITY OF;OR LAW OF RELATIVITY OF ECOLOGICAL VARIETY......Page 153
EFFECT,LAW OF (1899);OR THORNDIKE LAW OF EFFECT (1911);EMPIRICAL LAW OF EFFECT......Page 154
EINSTEIN LAW OF MOBILITY OF AN ION;EINSTEIN RELATION OF MOBILITY OF AN ION......Page 155
EINSTEIN LAW OF SPECIFIC HEAT (1907);EINSTEIN EQUATION OF SPECIFIC HEAT;EINSTEIN THEORY OF HEAT CAPACITY......Page 156
EINTHOVEN LAW OR EINTHOVEN EQUATION (1903)......Page 157
ELASTICITY,GENERALIZED LAW OF......Page 158
ELASTICITY 1 NUMBER,......Page 159
ELECTRICAL NUSSELT NUMBER,......Page 160
ELECTRIC POWER,LAW OF......Page 161
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY,LAW OF......Page 162
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY,FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF......Page 163
ELLIS NUMBER,......Page 164
EMMERT LAW......Page 165
VI.Laws of forces and •elds......Page 166
ENTROPY,LAW OF (1865);ALSO KNOWN AS CLAUSIUS LAW (1850,1854)......Page 167
EQUAL AREAS,LAW OF —SEE NEWTON SECOND LAW......Page 168
EQUILIBRIUM LAW,GENERAL (CHEMICAL)......Page 169
EQUIVALENT PROPORTIONS,LAW OF;EQUIVALENT RATIOS,LAW OF......Page 170
ERROR FUNCTION......Page 171
ETTINGSHAUSEN EFFECT OR LAW (1887)(OR VON ETTINGSHAUSEN)......Page 172
EVAPORATION 1 NUMBER,......Page 173
EWALD LAWS......Page 174
EXERCISE,LAW OF OR THORNDIKE LAW......Page 175
EXPONENTIAL FAILURE LAW......Page 176
EXPONENTS,LAWS OF......Page 177
EYRING THEORY OF LIQUID VISCOSITY......Page 178
FAJANS LAW OR RULE (1923)......Page 179
FARADAY EFFECT (1846)......Page 180
FARR LAW OF EPIDEMICS......Page 181
FECHNER LAW (1860);ALSO CALLED RANGE OF SENSIBILITY......Page 182
FERMAT LAST THEOREM (1637)......Page 183
FERMI INTERACTION LAWS......Page 184
FICK LAW OF DIFFUSION (1856 * ,1870)......Page 185
FIRST PRICE,LAW OF......Page 186
FLATAU LAW......Page 187
FLINT LAW (EMBRYOLOGY)......Page 188
FLUIDIZATION NUMBER,......Page 189
FORCE BETWEEN TWO CHARGES —SEE COULOMB LAW......Page 190
FOURIER NUMBER (HEAT TRANSFER)......Page 191
FRANCK-CONDON PRINCIPLE OR LAW (FRANCK,1925;CONDON,1928)......Page 192
FREEZING POINT AND SOLUBILITY LAW,GENERAL......Page 193
FRESNEL-ARAGO LAW (1811);FRESNEL LAW......Page 194
FRICTION,LAWS OF......Page 195
FROUDE NUMBER,......Page 196
FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF PHYSICS......Page 197
GALILEO NUMBER,......Page 199
GASKELL LAW OF PROGRESS......Page 200
GAUSS LAW......Page 201
GAY LUSSAC LAW OF GASEOUS COMBINATION OR OF COMBINING VOLUMES (1809)OR LAW OF VOLUMES......Page 202
GEIGER-NUTTALL LAW (1911;REV.1921)......Page 203
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS,FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF......Page 204
GERHARDT LAW;GERHARDT-SEMON LAW;SEMON-ROSENBACH LAW......Page 205
GIBBS-DONNAN LAW......Page 206
GILBERT PRINCIPLE —SEE EQUAL DECLIVITIES......Page 207
GLEN LAW OR FLOW LAW OF ICE (1955)......Page 208
GOLGI LAW......Page 209
GOODHART LAW (ECONOMICS)......Page 210
GOUCHER NUMBER,......Page 211
GRAHAM LAW OF EFFUSION (1829)......Page 212
GRASSMANN (GRASSMAN * )LAW OF COLOR VISION (1853);LAW OF COLOR MIXTURE......Page 213
GREAT NUMBERS,LAW OF......Page 214
GROSCH LAW (1949)......Page 215
GRÜNEISEN LAW (1908)OR GRÜNEISEN SECOND RULE......Page 216
GUKHMAN NUMBER,......Page 217
GULDBERG LAW OR RULE (1890)......Page 218
GYRATION,LAW OF —SEE DOVE......Page 219
HAGEN-POISEUILLE LAW (1839;1840);POISEUILLE LAW......Page 220
HALL EFFECT (1879)......Page 221
HANAU LAW OF ARTICULATION......Page 222
HARKINS-JURA ISOTHERM MODEL (1946)......Page 223
HAÜY LAW (1784)......Page 224
HEART-WEIGHT RULE OR HESSE RULE......Page 225
HEAT LIBERATION LAW;OR SINUSOIDAL HEAT LIBERATION LAW......Page 226
HEAT TRANSFER,GENERAL LAWS OF......Page 227
HEAVISIDE LAYER,LAW OF;ALSO CALLED KENNELLY-HEAVISIDE LAYER......Page 228
HEISENBERG UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE OR LAW (1927)OR INDETERMINANCY PRINCIPLE......Page 229
HELMHOLTZ FREE ENERGY FUNCTION,F......Page 230
HELMHOLTZ,LAW OF;OR LAW OF THOMSON......Page 231
HELM-OSTWALD INTENSITY LAW......Page 232
HERING LAW;LAW OF OCULAR MOVEMENTS;HERING LAW OF EQUAL INNERVATION (188x)......Page 233
HERTZ CONTACT LAW;LAW OF CONTACT FOR IMPACT......Page 234
HESS LAW OF HEAT SUMMATION (1840);LAW OF CONSTANCY OF HEAT......Page 235
HILDEBRANDT RULE (1915)......Page 236
HODGKIN LAW (1947);ALSO CALLED HODGKIN-HUXLEY LAW......Page 237
HOMOCHRONOUS NUMBER,......Page 238
HOOKE LAW (1676);YOUNG MODULUS......Page 239
HOPFIELD MODEL (1982)......Page 240
HUBBLE LAW (1929)......Page 241
HUYGENS LAW (1678)......Page 242
HYDROSTATICS,FIRST LAW OF;ARCHIMEDES LAW......Page 243
HYPERCHARGE —SEE I SPIN......Page 244
IDEAL MIXTURES,LAW OF......Page 245
IMPACT,LAW OF......Page 246
INCREASE OF THE RANDOM ELEMENT,LAW OF......Page 247
INERTIA,LAW OF (1638);ALSO KNOWN AS NEWTON FIRST LAW OF MOTION (1667)......Page 248
INTEGRAL EXPONENTS,LAWS OF......Page 249
INTERNAL PRESSURE PRODUCED BY AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT IN A CONDUCTOR,LAW OF......Page 250
IONIZATION,THREE-HALVES POWER LAW;OR GEIGER LAW (1913)......Page 251
ISOMORPHISM,LAW OF (1817;1819)......Page 252
ISOTHERM MODELS......Page 253
ITERATED LOGARITHM,LAW OF THE......Page 254
JAKOB NUMBER OR MODULUS,Ja......Page 255
JEFFREYS NUMBER,......Page 256
JORDAN LAW OR RULE......Page 257
JOULE SECOND LAW (1843);OR MAYER HYPOTHESIS (1842)......Page 258
JURIN LAW OF CAPILLARY ACTION (1750)......Page 259
KÁRMÁN NUMBER 2,......Page 261
KEPLER CONJECTURE ON STACKING SPHERES (1611)......Page 262
KETCHUM LAW......Page 263
KIRCHHOFF-CLAUSIUS ON THE RELATION BETWEEN EMISSIVE POWER AND THE MEDIUM,LAW OF;CALLED KIRCHHOFF LAW BY MANY......Page 264
KIRCHHOFF OPTICAL LAW;LAW OF KIRCHHOFF,OPTICAL......Page 265
KIRPITCHEFF NUMBER,......Page 266
KNIGHT-DARWIN LAW......Page 267
KNUDSEN NUMBER,......Page 268
KOLMOGOROFF –5/3 POWER LAW......Page 269
KONOVALOV LAWS......Page 270
KOSCHMIEDER RELATIONSHIP......Page 271
KRANZBERG LAWS OF TECHNOLOGY (1997 * )......Page 272
KRONIG NUMBER,......Page 273
KUTATELADZE NUMBER (2)......Page 274
KUTTA-JOUKOWSKY (ZHUKOVSKI)LAW(EARLY 20TH CENTURY)......Page 275
LAGRANGE NUMBER 2,......Page 276
LAMBERT-BEER LAW......Page 277
LAMBERT LAW OF EMISSION (LIGHT)(1760);LAMBERT COSINE EMISSION LAW......Page 278
LANCEREAUX LAW OF THROMBOSIS......Page 279
LANE LAW......Page 280
LANGMUIR LAW;LANGMUIR-CHILD LAW OR CHILD-LANGMUIR (1911); THREE-HALVES POWER LAW......Page 281
LAPLACE LAW OF MAGNETIC FIELD......Page 282
LARGE NUMBERS,LAW OF (1689)(1713);BERNOULLI THEOREM (1713)......Page 283
LAVAL NUMBER,......Page 284
LEBEDEV (LEBEDOV)NUMBER,......Page 285
LEIBNIZ (LEIBNITZ)LAW......Page 286
LEOPOLD LAW......Page 287
LEVRET LAW (MEDICAL)......Page 288
LEWIS RULE (1922)......Page 289
LIGHT EMISSION,COSINE LAW OF......Page 290
LINDGREN VOLUME LAW......Page 291
LINEAR GROWTH CURVE OR LAW......Page 292
LISTER PRINCIPLE OR LAW (1867)......Page 293
LOGARITHMS,FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF (1614)......Page 294
LOMNITZ LAW......Page 295
LORENTZ-LORENZ LAW (1870,* 1878);LORENZ-LORENTZ LAW **......Page 296
LORENZ LAW;ALSO KNOWN AS WIEDEMANN-FRANZ RATIO......Page 297
LOW MAGNETIC FIELDS —SEE RAYLEIGH......Page 298
LUMINESCENCE EQUIVALENCE LAW......Page 299
LYASHCHENKO NUMBER,......Page 300
LYKOV NUMBER —SEE LUIKOV NUMBER......Page 301
MACHINES,LAW OF......Page 302
MACH MAGNETIC NUMBER,......Page 303
MAGNETIC-DYNAMIC NUMBER,......Page 304
MAGNETIC INTENSITY AND INDUCTION,LAW OF......Page 305
MAGNETIC PRESSURE NUMBER,S......Page 306
MAGNUS EFFECT (1860)......Page 307
MALLARD LAW......Page 308
MARANGONI NUMBER,......Page 309
MARIOTTE LAW (c.1650)(MARRIOTTE * LAW);OR BOYLE LAW......Page 310
MASS-LAW EFFECT;COMMON ION EFFECT......Page 311
MATTHIESSEN RULE FOR RESISTIVITY (1864)......Page 312
MAXWELL DISTRIBUTION LAW (1860)......Page 313
MAXWELL-FARADAY LAW (1864-1873);FIRST LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (1873)......Page 314
MAXWELL RELAXATION TIME IN SHEAR LAW (VISCOELASTIC)......Page 315
MEAN,LAW OF;OR MEAN VALUE THEOREM......Page 316
MENDEL FIRST LAW OF HEREDITY;OR LAW OF SEGREGATION (1865)......Page 317
MERKEL LAW......Page 318
METABOLIC CONTROL OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION,LAW OF......Page 319
MEYER LAW OF INDENTATION (MATERIALS)(1908)......Page 320
MINER LAW OR RULE —SEE LINEAR DAMAGE;ODQUIST......Page 321
MIRROR SYMMETRY,LAW OF,OR PARITY......Page 322
MODEL LAWS......Page 323
MOMENTS,LAW OF......Page 324
MORGAN (LLOYD)CANON......Page 325
MOTT LAW OF ANTICIPATION......Page 326
MÜLLERIAN LAW;ICOSACANTHIC LAW......Page 327
MULTIPLICATIVE LAW OF PROBABILITY......Page 328
MURRI LAW......Page 329
MYER —SEE MEYER (ESTERIFICATION)......Page 330
NATURE,LAWS OF,OR NATURAL LAW......Page 331
NERNST DIFFUSIVITY LAW (1893);OR NERNST-THOMSON (THOMPSON * ) RULE......Page 332
NERNST LAW......Page 333
NEUMANN-KOPP LAW (1831)......Page 334
NEUMANN LAW ON MOLECULAR SPECIFIC HEAT (1831 * )......Page 335
NEWTONIAN FRICTION LAW......Page 336
NEWTON LAW FOR MOMENTUM AND MOMENT OF MOMENTUM......Page 337
NEWTON LAW OF COOLING (1701)......Page 338
NEWTON LAW OF OPTICS (OPTICKS)(1704)......Page 339
NEWTON LAW OF VISCOSITY (1687)......Page 340
NEWTON NUMBER,......Page 341
NOMOLOGICAL MODEL —SEE COVERING LAW......Page 342
NORMAL LAW.;NORMAL LAW OF ERROR;NORMAL OR GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION LAW;GAUSS ERROR CURVE;PROBABILITY CURVE......Page 343
NUSSELT BOILING OR BUBBLE NUMBER,......Page 344
NUSSELT NUMBER (MASS TRANSFER)......Page 345
NYSTEN LAW......Page 346
OCULAR MOVEMENTS —SEE HERING......Page 347
OERSTED ELECTROMAGNETISM LAW (1820)......Page 348
OHNESORGE NUMBER,......Page 349
ONE-SEVENTH POWER —SEE PRANDTL......Page 350
ORIGINAL CONTINUITY,LAW OF (GEOLOGY)(1669)......Page 351
OSTROGRADSKY NUMBER,......Page 352
OSTWALD DILUTION OR MOLECULAR CONDUCTIVITY LAW (1888)......Page 353
OWEN FIFTH POWER LAW......Page 354
OXIDATION BY GREEN PLANTS,LAW OF......Page 355
PARADOXIC LAW (PHYSIOLOGY)—SEE ALLEN......Page 356
PARALLEL RESISTANCES,LAW OF......Page 357
PARKINSON LAW (1958)......Page 358
PARTITION,LAW OF;OR DISTRIBUTION LAW (1872)......Page 359
PASTEUR EFFECT......Page 360
PÉCLET NUMBER (HEAT TRANSFER)......Page 361
PEPTIC ACTIVITY,LAW OF......Page 362
PERMISSION,LAW OF —SEE PROHIBITION,LAW OF......Page 363
PFLÜGER LAW......Page 364
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT,LAWS OF (1888)(1924);(PUBLISHED IN 1930)......Page 365
PHOTOMETRY,LAWS OF......Page 366
PIOBERT EFFECT......Page 367
PLANCK QUANTUM LAW (1900)......Page 368
PLASTIC STRAIN-RATE LAW......Page 369
PLAYFAIR AXIOM......Page 370
POISEUILLE NUMBER,......Page 371
POISSON LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS......Page 372
POISSON RATIO,......Page 373
POPULATION GROWTH,LAW OF;POPULATIONS,LAW OF......Page 374
POSNOV NUMBER,......Page 375
POWER LAW (ONE-SEVENTH)......Page 376
POWER LAWS,GENERAL......Page 377
POWER NUMBER,......Page 378
PRANDTL-GLAUERT LAW......Page 379
PRANDTL ONE-SEVENTH POWER LAW......Page 380
PRESSURE NUMBER OR PARAMETER,......Page 381
PRICE SQUARE ROOT LAW (c.1963)......Page 382
PROBABILITY,LAW OF (PHYSICAL)(1654)......Page 383
PROGRAM EVOLUTION,LAWS OF......Page 384
PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES,LAWS FOR GUIDED......Page 385
PSYCHOPHYSICAL LAW (1850)......Page 386
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM;PYTHAGORAS THEOREM (SIXTH CENTURY B.C.)......Page 387
QUADRATIC RECIPROCITY,LAW OF......Page 389
QUANTUM LAW OR THEORY (1900)......Page 390
QUARK CONCEPT (1963)......Page 391
RADIATION PRESSURE NUMBER,rp......Page 393
RAMAN SCATTERING,LAW OF (1928);RAMAN EFFECT;SMEKAL-RAMAN EFFECT......Page 394
RAMZIN NUMBER,......Page 395
RANKINE LAW (c.1860)......Page 396
RATE LAW OF A REACTION......Page 397
RAYLEIGH LAW FOR LOW MAGNETIC FIELDS......Page 398
RAYLEIGH LAW OF LIGHT DISPERSION (1871)......Page 399
REACTION,FIRST ORDER LAW OF;OR MASS ACTION,LAW OF......Page 400
REBINDER NUMBER,......Page 401
RECIPROCAL PROPORTIONS (PROPERTIES),LAW OF (1792)......Page 402
REFLECTION (WAVES),LAWS OF;REFLECTION OF LIGHT AT A PLANE SURFACE,LAWS OF......Page 403
REFRESHMENT,LAW OF......Page 404
RELATIONS,LAW OF (1859)......Page 405
RELATIVITY,LAW OF (MEDICINE)......Page 406
REQUISITE VARIETY,LAW OF (1956)......Page 407
RESPIRATION QUOTIENT,LAW OF......Page 408
REYNOLDS ELECTRIC NUMBER,......Page 409
REYNOLDS NUMBER,......Page 410
RICCO LAW......Page 411
RICHARDSON NUMBER,......Page 412
RIGID BODY —SEE EQUILIBRIUM FOR A RIGID BODY......Page 413
ROBERTS STRAIGHT LINE SLIDER LINKAGE......Page 414
ROMANKOV NUMBER,......Page 415
ROSSBY NUMBER,......Page 416
ROUSSEL LAW OR SIGN......Page 417
RUBNER AND RICHET SURFACE AREA LAW......Page 418
RUSSELL,FAJANS,AND SODDY DISPLACEMENT LAW (1913)......Page 419
RYDBERG-SCHUSTER LAW (1900)......Page 420
SAINT-VENANT LAW OR PRINCIPLE (1855);ALSO WRITTEN AS ST.VENANT......Page 421
SCALING LAWS......Page 422
SCHMIDT (OR SCHMID)SHEAR STRESS LAW......Page 423
SCREW —SEE MACHINE......Page 424
SEMI-FLUIDS PRESSURE AND FLOW,LAW OF......Page 425
SENESCENCE,LAW OF......Page 426
SHANNON LAW OR FORMULA OR THEOREM (1948)......Page 427
SHERRINGTON LAWS OF REFLEX IRRADIATION (1895)......Page 428
SIMILARITY OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES,NUMBER FOR,K OR NK......Page 429
SINE LAW;LAW OF SINES......Page 430
SLOSH TIME NUMBER,......Page 431
SNELL LAW (1613 * ,1621);SNELL LAW OF REFRACTION;DESCARTES LAW......Page 432
SOIL SETTLEMENT,LAW OF;MODEL LAW FOR CONSOLIDATION PROCESS OF A CLAY (1925)......Page 433
SOMMERFELD AND KOSSEL SPECTROSCOPIC DISPLACEMENT LAW......Page 434
SPALDING FUNCTION (NUMBER)......Page 435
SPECIFICITY OF BACTERIA,LAW OF;KOCH LAW OR POSTULATE......Page 436
SPÖRER (SPOERER)LAW OF SUNSPOT LATITUDES (1859)......Page 437
SQUEEZE NUMBER,......Page 438
STANDARD ERROR OF ESTIMATE,LAW OF,S.E.......Page 439
STARK (1908)-EINSTEIN (1912)LAW OF PHOTOCHEMICAL EQUIVALENCE;OR EINSTEIN LAW OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY;FIRST LAW OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY......Page 440
STEFAN LAW (1879;1886 * );STEFAN FOURTH-POWER LAW;STEFAN LAW OF RADIANT ENERGY;STEFAN-BOLTZMANN LAW (1884)......Page 441
STEINMETZ LAW (1916)......Page 442
STEVENS PSYCHOLOGICAL LAW (1951);STEVENS POWER LAW......Page 443
STOKES-CUNNINGHAM LAW......Page 444
STOKES LAW (LIGHT)......Page 445
STOKES LAW OF RADIATION......Page 446
STOKES NUMBER,......Page 447
STREAM LENGTHS,LAW OF (1945);ALSO CHANNEL LENGTH,LAW OF......Page 448
STRESS-STRAIN LAW OF NEWTONIAN FLUID;OR NEWTON-STOKES FLUID......Page 449
STRONG LAWS OF LARGE NUMBERS;OR KOLMOGOROV THEOREM......Page 450
SUBSTITUTION,LAW OF (ECOLOGY)......Page 451
SUPERPOSITION,LAW OF (1669)(GEOLOGY)......Page 452
SURFACE RELATIONSHIPS,LAW OF (1964)......Page 453
SUTHERLAND LAW (1893)......Page 454
SYMMETRY LAWS,PHYSICS......Page 455
TANGENTS,LAW OF......Page 457
TAYLOR NUMBER (1)......Page 458
TEMPERATURE OF MIXTURES,LAW OF —SEE BLACK......Page 459
THERMOCOUPLES,FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF......Page 460
THERMODYNAMICS,LAWS OF (1847,1850,1851,1906)......Page 461
THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT —SEE SEEBECK;THOMSON EFFECT......Page 462
THOMA NUMBER,......Page 463
THOMSON NUMBER,......Page 464
THORNDIKE LAWS OF LEARNING......Page 465
THRING NUMBER,......Page 466
TITIUS LAW (1772);OR TITIUS-BODE LAW (1772);OR BODE LAW (1772)......Page 467
TOOTHED GEARING,FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF......Page 468
TRANSFORMATION LAWS......Page 469
TRAPEZOIDAL RULE —SEE AREA......Page 470
TRUNCATION NUMBER,......Page 471
TWIN LAWS IN FELDSPARS......Page 472
TYNDALL EFFECT......Page 473
UNIFORMITY,LAW OF......Page 474
UNIVERSAL LAW OF THE WALL —SEE WALL......Page 475
USE,LAW OF (LEARNING)......Page 476
VAN DER WAALS EQUATION (1873)OR LAW......Page 477
VAN ’T HOFF-MARIOTTE LAW......Page 478
VAPOR PRESSURE LAW,FUNDAMENTAL......Page 479
VECTOR ADDITION,LAWS OF......Page 480
VELOCITY-DEFECT LAW;OR OUTER WALL LAW......Page 481
VERNER LAW (1875)......Page 482
VIRCHOW LAW......Page 483
Kelvin model or Voigt-Kelvin model......Page 484
VOIT LAW OF METABOLISM......Page 485
VORTEX MOTION LAWS......Page 486
VULPIAN LAWS......Page 487
WAGNER LAW (1876)(ECONOMICS)......Page 488
WAGNER PARABOLIC LAW OF DIFFUSION......Page 489
WALL,LAW OF (1930s)......Page 490
WARBURG COS  LAW......Page 491
WATT LAW......Page 492
WEAK LAWS OF LARGE NUMBERS......Page 493
WEBER LAW OF ELECTRICAL FORCE (1846)......Page 494
WEIGERT LAW......Page 495
WENTZEL LAW (1927)......Page 496
WHITE LAW......Page 497
WIEDEMANN-FRANZ LAW (1853);WIEDEMANN-FRANZ-LORENZ LAW (1872)......Page 498
WIEN RADIATION LAW (1896)......Page 499
WÖHLER LAWS (1870)......Page 500
WORK-HARDENING,LAW OF;OR STRAIN-HARDENING,LAW OF......Page 501
WYSSAKOVITSCH LAW......Page 502
X-RAY PHENOMENON (1895)......Page 503
YOUNG-HELMHOLTZ LAW (MECHANICS)......Page 504
YOUNG MODULUS,E......Page 505
YOUNG RULE (1813)(MEDICINE)......Page 506
YUKAWA INTERACTION (1935)......Page 507
ZHUKOVSKY (ZHUKOVSKI)NUMBER,......Page 508
ZONE LAW OF WEISS......Page 509
SOURCES and REFERENCES......Page 510