Law and globalization from below

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 9
Copyright......Page 10
Contents......Page 11
Notes on the contributors......Page 13
1.1 Introduction......Page 19
1.2 Between global governance and global hegemony: the invisibility of counter-hegemony in sociolegal studies......Page 23
1.2.1 From regulation to governance: the irrelevance of counter-hegemony......Page 24
1.2.2 Global hegemony and the law: the futility of resistance......Page 27
1.3 Subaltern cosmopolitan legality......Page 30
1.3.1 The subaltern, the cosmopolitan, and the legal......Page 31
1.3.2 The epistemology of subaltern cosmopolitan legality: the sociology of emergence......Page 35
1.4 Topics and organization of the book......Page 36
1.4.1 Law and the construction of a global economy of solidarity......Page 37
1.4.2 Transnational social movements and the reconstruction of human rights......Page 38
1.4.3 Law and participatory democracy: between the local and the global......Page 40
References......Page 41
PART ONE Law and the construction of a global economy of solidarity......Page 45
2.1 Introduction......Page 47
2.2 Governance as neoliberal legality......Page 49
2.2.1 The genealogy of governance......Page 51
2.2.2 The political meaning of neoliberal governance......Page 53
2.2.3 Social struggles within the governance frame......Page 58
2.2.4 Are there other stories of governance?......Page 61
2.3.1 The WSF as subaltern cosmopolitan politics and legality......Page 62
2.3.2.1 A new critical utopia......Page 64
2.3.2.2 A very broad conception of power and oppression......Page 65
2.3.3 The issue of strategy and political action......Page 66
2.3.3.1 Reform or revolution......Page 67
2.3.3.2 Socialism or social emancipation......Page 69
2.3.3.3 The state as an enemy or as a potential ally......Page 70
2.3.3.4 National or global struggles......Page 71
2.3.3.5 Direct or institutional action......Page 72
2.3.3.6 The principle of equality or the principle of respect for difference......Page 74
2.3.3.7 Trans-conflictuality......Page 75
2.4 The politics of legality in a context of conflicting globalizations......Page 76
References......Page 80
3.1 Introduction......Page 82
3.2 The struggle over joint liability rules across borders......Page 87
3.3 The struggle over "hard" v. "soft" law......Page 93
3.4 Legal pluralism and the struggle over the scales of labor law......Page 98
3.5 Conclusion......Page 103
References......Page 105
4.1 Introduction......Page 110
4.2 The de-radicalization of corporate social responsibility......Page 113
4.3 The corporatization of civil society......Page 124
4.4 Final remarks: tentative reflections on counter-hegemonic possibilities......Page 127
References......Page 133
5.1 Introduction......Page 136
5.2 Changing the face of South Africa......Page 140
5.3 The pharmaceutical sector and the struggle for affordable medicines......Page 141
5.4 Global commitments and domestic responses......Page 143
5.5 Balancing international commitments and fora......Page 147
5.6 Social mobilization and a changing trade regime......Page 149
5.6.1 The Doha Declaration on TRIPS and public health......Page 151
5.6.2 Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration and the problem of capacity......Page 152
5.6.3 The Treatment Action Campaign and the struggle for antiretroviral treatments......Page 154
5.7 Conclusion......Page 155
References......Page 156
6.1 Introduction......Page 158
6.2 Informal housing in the United States......Page 163
6.3 "You have to take what the community is doing and magnify it, extend it"......Page 166
6.4 Regulating under conditions of extreme economic constraint......Page 171
References......Page 174
CHAPTER 7 Local contact points at global divides: labor rights and immigrant rights as sites for cosmopolitan legality......Page 176
7.1.1 First contact point: capital flight and job loss......Page 177
7.1.2 Second contact point: immigration......Page 182
7.2 But was it cosmopolitan?......Page 187
7.2.1 Global boundary crossing......Page 189
7.2.2 Horizontal understanding......Page 190
7.3 Convergence?......Page 191
References......Page 194
PART TWO Transnational social movements and the reconstruction of human rights......Page 199
8.1 Introduction......Page 201
8.2 Law, social movements and counter-hegemonic globalization: some theoretical issues......Page 205
8.3.1 Background......Page 209
8.3.2 The struggle in and around the law: 1979–1994......Page 210
8.3.3 The struggle through the law?: 1994–2000......Page 215
8.4.1 The Narmada judgment and its scripts......Page 220
8.4.2 Post-judgment woes: towards electoral politics?......Page 228
8.5 Assessing the role of law in the Narmada Valley struggle......Page 229
8.6 Conclusion......Page 231
References......Page 232
9.1 Introduction......Page 236
9.2 The logic of fields......Page 238
9.3 The MST and modalities of juridical change......Page 241
9.4.1 The MST in the movement field......Page 249
9.4.2 The Brazilian judiciary and the juridical field......Page 253
References......Page 256
10.1 Introduction......Page 259
10.2 Resisting the "second conquest": neoliberalism, human rights, and the indigenous movement......Page 262
10.3.1 Acting locally: the grassroots mobilization for territory......Page 266
10.3.2 Suing locally: the judicialization of the U'wa case......Page 269
10.3.3 Acting and suing globally: the transnational coalition in support of the U'wa......Page 271
10.3.4 The boomerang effect......Page 273
10.3.5 Breaking the stalemate: the withdrawal of Oxy and the "victory" of the U'wa coalition......Page 276
10.4 Law and politics in the U'wa struggle......Page 278
10.5 Conclusion......Page 281
References......Page 282
11.1 Introduction......Page 285
11.2 Maintaining the status quo as a counter-hegemonic goal......Page 287
11.3 Emancipation through emancipatory means......Page 291
References......Page 298
PART THREE Law and participatory democracy: between the local and the global......Page 299
12.1 Introduction......Page 301
12.2 The Tanzania Gender Networking Programme and the Feminist Activist Coalition......Page 303
12.3 Policies, law, resource generation, allocation, and ownership: why are these a concern for feminists?......Page 304
12.4 What is GB?......Page 307
12.4.1 Phase I: opening the doors......Page 308
12.4.1.1 Coalition building among civil society organizations......Page 309
12.4.1.2 Grounding with the grassroots  at the district and community levels......Page 310
12.4.1.3 National government sectors, parliamentarians, and processes......Page 312
12.4.1.4 Regional and international networking to impact IFI frameworks......Page 315
12.4.2 Phase II: consolidating and strengthening our voices and collective action......Page 317
12.4.2.1 The "Return Resources to the People" campaign......Page 319
12.4.2.2 Highlights of the campaign......Page 320
12.5 Reflections for future activism......Page 322
12.6 Conclusion: the way forward......Page 325
References......Page 327
CHAPTER 13 Two democracies, two legalities: participatory budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil......Page 328
13.1 The state and democracy as contested terrains......Page 329
13.2.1. Antecedents......Page 331
13.2.2. The institutions and the process of PB......Page 333
13.2.2.1 The institutions......Page 334
13.2.2.2 The participatory process......Page 335
13.2.2.3 The distribution of investment resources: methodology and criteria of decision-making......Page 339
13.3.1. Participation, negotiation, and redistribution......Page 341
13.3.2. Autonomy and co-government......Page 343
13.3.3. From technobureaucracy to technodemocracy......Page 347
13.4 Competing legalities and legitimacies: PB and the câmara de vereadores......Page 349
13.5 Conclusion......Page 353
References......Page 355
14.1 Introduction......Page 357
14.2 Individual rights versus the Directive Principles of State Policy: between the justiciable and the non-justiciable......Page 358
14.3 Equity, ecology, and life chances: Fundamental rights and the commons......Page 361
14.4 Retrograde laws: the Land Acquisition Act......Page 365
14.5 Transfer of technology: Renewability, Obsolescence, and life world......Page 368
14.6 Community and livelihood: decentralization and self-governance......Page 371
14.7 Right to information: transparency and accountability......Page 373
14.8 Between property and heritage: issues of biodiversity......Page 374
14.9 Cognitive justice: vulnerability, knowledge, and livelihood......Page 377
References......Page 379
15.1 Introduction......Page 381
15.2 Law, environment and the dilemmas of "ecological modernization"......Page 382
15.3.1 The European context......Page 385
15.3.2 The Portuguese context......Page 386
15.4 Environmental struggles and counter-hegemonic uses of legality: a case study......Page 389
15.5 Discussion......Page 395
References......Page 399
Index......Page 402