Latest Advances In Atomic Cluster Collisions: Fission, Fusion, Electron, Ion And Photon Impact

Preface......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 12
Introduction......Page 16
1. Introduction......Page 18
2. Atomic Cluster Science......Page 21
3. Distinctive Properties of Atomic Clusters: Cluster Magic Numbers......Page 23
4. Collisions Involving Atomic Clusters......Page 26
5. Fission Instability of Multiply Charged Clusters.......Page 28
6. Fusion Process of Atomic Clusters.......Page 29
7. Conclusions......Page 31
References......Page 32
Structure and Properties of Atomic Clusters......Page 34
CONFINED ATOMS IN BUBBLES, CLUSTERS, FULLERENES, QUANTUM DOTS AND SOLIDS......Page 36
2. Confined atoms......Page 37
3. Atoms Under Pressure......Page 38
4. Dimensionless Representation or ‘Universal Curves’......Page 42
6. Endohedral Confinement Inside an Attractive Cage......Page 44
References......Page 46
1. Introduction......Page 48
3. Melting with Classical Tight-binding Potential......Page 49
5. Melting with BO-LSD-MD......Page 51
6. Ionization Potential......Page 52
7. Conclusions......Page 53
References......Page 54
1. Introduction......Page 56
2. Exact Equation for the Functional......Page 57
3. The Effective Interaction......Page 59
4. Single-Particle Spectrum......Page 60
References......Page 63
AB INITIO CALCULATIONS AND MODELLING OF ATOMIC CLUSTER STRUCTURE......Page 66
2. Sodium and Magnesium Clusters......Page 67
3. Noble Gas Clusters......Page 72
4. Conclusion......Page 77
References......Page 79
1. Introduction......Page 82
2. Profile of E1 Plasmon......Page 83
3. Multipole Plasmons......Page 85
References......Page 89
1. Introduction......Page 92
2. Experimental Setup......Page 93
3. Metal Bis Benzene......Page 94
4. Metal Atom and Metal Cluster Fullerene......Page 95
5. The Dimer of Para Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA)2......Page 97
6. Glycine Based Polypeptides......Page 98
References......Page 99
1. Introduction: Clusters in Ion Traps......Page 100
2. Typology of Ion Storage......Page 101
3. Experimental Setup and Procedure......Page 103
4. Overview of Investigations......Page 104
5. Current and Future Investigations......Page 108
Acknowledgments......Page 109
References......Page 110
Photoabsorption and Photoionization of Clusters......Page 112
1. Introduction......Page 114
2. Results and Models......Page 116
References......Page 118
1. Introduction......Page 120
2. Results and Discussion......Page 121
References......Page 127
PHOTOABSORPTION OF SMALL SODIUM AND MAGNESIUM CLUSTERS......Page 128
1. Introduction......Page 129
2. Theoretical Method......Page 130
3. Results and Discussion......Page 133
4. Conclusion......Page 137
References......Page 138
1. Introduction......Page 140
2. Plasmon Resonance Approximation......Page 142
3. Hydrodynamic Description......Page 144
References......Page 147
Fission and Fusion Dynamics of Clusters......Page 148
1. Introduction......Page 150
2. Cold Valleys in the Potential......Page 152
3. Shell Structure in the Superheavy Region......Page 153
4. Vibrational Modes in Spherical Superheavy Nuclei......Page 158
5. Asymmetric and Superasymmetric Fission–cluster Radioactivity......Page 159
6. Concluding Remarks......Page 161
References......Page 162
1. Introduction......Page 164
2. Interaction Potentials......Page 165
3. Classical and Quantum Structures for (Ne)nH– and (He)nH–......Page 166
4. The (He)+n and (Ne)+n Structures......Page 168
5. Conclusions......Page 170
References......Page 171
METAL CLUSTER FISSION: JELLIUM MODEL AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS......Page 172
1. Introduction......Page 173
2. Theoretical Methods......Page 174
3. Na2+10 Na+7 + Na+3 Process......Page 175
4. Na2+18 2Na+9 Process......Page 180
5. Conclusions......Page 182
References......Page 183
MULTIFRAGMENTATION, CLUSTERING, AND COALESCENCE IN NUCLEAR COLLISIONS......Page 184
1. Multifragmentation in Nuclear Matter......Page 185
2. Clustering and the Transition to the Quark-Gluon Plasma......Page 188
3. Conclusion......Page 194
References......Page 195
1. Introduction......Page 196
2. Theory and Computational Details......Page 197
3. Results and Discussion......Page 199
4. Conclusion......Page 202
References......Page 203
Electron Scattering on Clusters......Page 204
1. Introduction......Page 206
2. Basic Experimental Features......Page 207
3. Theoretical Model......Page 209
4. Results......Page 212
References......Page 213
1. Introduction......Page 214
2. Theoretical Methods......Page 215
3. Inelastic Scattering of Fast Electrons on Metal Clusters and Fullerenes......Page 218
4. Surface and Volume Plasmon Excitations in the Formation of Electron Energy Loss Spectrum......Page 225
5. Polarization Effects in Low Energy Electron – Cluster Collision and Photon Emission Processes......Page 229
6. How Electron Excitations in a Cluster Relax......Page 233
7. Concluding Remarks......Page 235
References......Page 236
1. Introduction......Page 238
2. Photoionization of Free Alkali Nanoparticles......Page 240
3. Photoionization Thresholds of Smaller Clusters......Page 244
References......Page 246
1. Introduction......Page 248
3. Results for a Small Linear Cluster......Page 249
Acknowledgements......Page 255
References......Page 256
Clusters in Laser Fields......Page 258
1. Introduction......Page 260
3. Cluster Collisions......Page 261
4. Laser Interaction with Molecules......Page 263
References......Page 267
1. Introduction......Page 268
2. Electronic Excitation, Relaxation, and Ionization of Met-Cars......Page 269
3. Dynamics of Acid Dissolution......Page 273
4. The Phenomenon of Coulomb Explosion......Page 275
References......Page 280
1. Rare Gas Clusters in Optical Fields......Page 286
2. Clusters in Intense X-ray Laser Pulses......Page 290
References......Page 293
1. Introduction......Page 294
2. Experimental Setup......Page 296
3. Results and Discussion......Page 298
4. Conclusion......Page 303
References......Page 304
Ion-Cluster Collisions......Page 306
1. Introduction......Page 308
3. Results and Discussion......Page 309
Acknowledgements......Page 314
References......Page 315
1. Introduction......Page 316
2. Experimental Method......Page 317
3. Spectra of Multiply Charged (C60)nq+ and (C60)n(C70)mq+ Clusters......Page 318
Acknowledgements......Page 325
References......Page 326
1. Introduction......Page 328
2. Molecular Fusion in Fullerene-Fullerene Collisions......Page 329
3. Fullerene Ionisation with Ultrashort Laser Pulses......Page 335
Acknowledgements......Page 338
References......Page 339
1. Introduction......Page 340
2. Experiment......Page 341
3. Results and Discussion......Page 342
References......Page 347
1. Introduction......Page 350
2. Electron—Ion Collisions......Page 351
3. Ion-Ion Collisions......Page 353
References......Page 356
Clusters on a Surface......Page 358
1. Introduction......Page 360
2. Methods......Page 361
3. Transformation of Electron Structure of Silver in Conversion “Supported Atom - Supported Cluster of Increasing Size -Solid”......Page 362
4. Size-dependent Local Plasmons in Ag-clusters......Page 364
5. Transformation of Electronic Properties of Carbon in Conversion “Cluster C60 – Solid”......Page 367
References......Page 369
1. Introduction......Page 370
2. Experimental......Page 371
3. Results......Page 373
4. Discussion......Page 375
References......Page 377
SILICON CLUSTER LATTICE SYSTEM (CLS) FORMED ON AN AMORPHOUS CARBON SURFACE BY SUPERSONIC CLUSTER BEAM IRRADIATION......Page 378
1. Introduction......Page 379
2. Well-defined Supersonic Silicon Cluster Beam......Page 380
3. Silicon Cluster Lattice System (CLS)......Page 382
4. Discussion......Page 384
5. Conclusions......Page 385
References......Page 386
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS......Page 388