Laser Printing of Functional Materials: 3D Microfabrication, Electronics and Biomedicine

Content: Preface xv Part I Fundamentals 1 1 Introduction to Laser-Induced Transfer and Other Associated Processes 3
 Pere Serra and Alberto Piqué 1.1 LIFT and Its Derivatives 3 1.2 The Laser Transfer Universe 5 1.3 Book Organization and Chapter Overview 8 1.4 Looking Ahead 12 Acknowledgments 13 References 13 2 Origins of Laser-Induced Transfer Processes 17
 Christina Kryou and Ioanna Zergioti 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 EarlyWork in Laser-Induced Transfer 17 2.3 Overview of Laser-Induced Forward Transfer 19 2.3.1 Transferring Metals and Other Materials with Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) 21 2.3.2 Limitations of the Basic LIFT Technique 22 2.3.3 The Role of the Donor Substrate 22 2.3.4 Use of a Dynamic Release Layer (DRL)-LIFT 24 2.3.5 LIFT with Ultrashort Laser Pulses 25 2.4 Other Laser-Based Transfer Techniques. Inspired by LIFT 27 2.4.1 Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation-DirectWrite (MAPLE-DW) Technique 27 2.4.2 LIFT of Composite Matrix-Based Materials 27 2.4.3 Hydrogen-Assisted LIFT 28 2.4.4 Long-Pulsed LIFT 28 2.4.5 Laser Molecular Implantation 29 2.4.6 Laser-Induced Thermal Imaging 30 2.5 Other Studies on LIFT 31 2.6 Conclusions 31 References 32 3 LIFT Using a Dynamic Release Layer 37
 Alexandra Palla Papavlu and Thomas Lippert 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Absorbing Release Layer --
Triazene Polymer 40 3.3 Front- and Backside Ablation of the Triazene Polymer 42 3.4 Examples of Materials Transferred by TP-LIFT 43 3.5 First Demonstration of Devices: OLEDs and Sensors 47 3.5.1 Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLEDs) 47 3.5.2 Sensors 49 3.6 Variation of the DRL Approach: Reactive LIFT 52 3.7 Conclusions and Perspectives 54 Acknowledgments. 55 Conflict of Interest 55 References 55 4 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Fluids 63
 Juan M. Fernández-Pradas, Pol Sopeña, and Pere Serra 4.1 Introduction to the LIFT of Fluids 63 4.1.1 Origin 64 4.1.2 Principle of Operation 65 4.1.3 Developments 66 4.2 Mechanisms of Fluid Ejection and Deposition 67 4.2.1 Jet Formation 67 4.2.2 Droplet Deposition 69 4.3 Printing Droplets through LIFT 72 4.3.1 Role of the Laser Parameters 72 4.3.2 Role of the Fluid Properties 76 4.3.3 Setup Parameters 76 4.4 Printing Lines and Patterns with LIFT 78 4.5 Summary 81 Acknowledgments 82 References 82 5 Advances in Blister-Actuated Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (BA-LIFT) 91
 Emre Turkoz, Romain Fardel, and Craig B. Arnold 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 BA-LIFT Basics 93 5.3 Why BA-LIFT? 94 5.4 Blister Formation 97 5.4.1 Dynamics of Blister Formation 97 5.4.2 Finite Element Modeling of Blister Formation 102 5.5 Jet Formation and Expansion 105 5.5.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Model 106 5.5.2 Effect of the Laser Energy 108 5.5.3 Effect of the Ink Film Properties 111 5.6 Application to the Transfer of Delicate Materials 113 5.7 Conclusions 117 References 117 6 Film-Free LIFT (FF-LIFT) 123
 Salvatore Surdo, Alberto Diaspro, 140 6.6 Conclusions and Future Outlook 141 References 142 Part II The Role of the Laser-Material Interaction in LIFT 147 7 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Metals 149
 David A. Willis 7.1 Introduction, Background, and Overview 149 7.2 Modeling, Simulation, and Experimental Studies of the Transfer Process 151 7.2.1 Thermal Processes: Film Heating, Removal, Transfer, and Deposition 151 7.2.2 Parametric Effects 153 7.2.2.1 Laser Fluence and Film Thickness 154 7.2.2.2 Donor-Film Gap Spacing 156 7.2.2.3 PulseWidth 157 7.2.3 Droplet-Mode Deposition 160 7.2.4 Characterization of Deposited Structures: Adhesion, Composition, and Electrical Resistivity 163 7.3 Advanced Modeling of LIFT 165 7.4 Research Needs and Future Directions 167 7.5 Conclusions 169 References 170 8 LIFT of Solid Films (Ceramics and Polymers) 175
 Ben Mills, 195 8.6 Conclusions 197 Acknowledgments 197 References 197 9 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Soft Materials 199
 Zhengyi Zhang, Ruitong Xiong,