Language Diversity in the USA

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
List of figures......Page 9
List of contributors......Page 10
Preface......Page 15
Acknowledgements......Page 17
Isn't English the official language of the USA?......Page 19
Why don't they just learn English?......Page 21
Aren't our current levels of linguistic diversity a recent problem due to today's high immigration rate?......Page 27
Doesn't language diversity threaten our national unity and lead to political strife?......Page 30
Appreciating advantages: Proponents of linguistic diversity......Page 34
Aims and organization of this book......Page 37
Discussion questions......Page 42
Introduction......Page 43
Studying language contact: Terminology and ideology......Page 45
Diglossia and domains......Page 50
Linguistic processes and outcomes of language contact......Page 52
Mixed languages......Page 59
Conclusion......Page 63
Discussion questions......Page 64
Tribal sovereignty......Page 65
History......Page 66
Demographics......Page 67
Public presence......Page 74
Government......Page 75
Media......Page 76
Education......Page 77
Evidence of language shift to English and maintenance......Page 79
Wôpanâak language revival......Page 80
Hawaiian-medium education......Page 81
Summary: Language revitalization “from the bottom up”......Page 82
Discussion questions......Page 83
History......Page 84
Demographics......Page 85
Government......Page 88
Media......Page 89
Business......Page 90
Education......Page 91
Evidence of language shift to English and of Spanish maintenance......Page 92
Signs of shift......Page 94
Signs of maintenance......Page 95
Conclusions......Page 97
Discussion questions......Page 98
History......Page 99
Demographics......Page 102
Public presence of Chinese......Page 104
Media......Page 105
Business......Page 106
Education......Page 107
Signs of shift......Page 108
Signs of maintenance......Page 111
Discussion questions......Page 113
Introduction......Page 114
History......Page 115
Demographics......Page 117
Media......Page 119
Religion......Page 120
Education......Page 121
Evidence of language shift to English and of Tagalog maintenance......Page 122
Signs of shift......Page 124
Signs of maintenance......Page 125
Discussion questions......Page 127
History......Page 128
Demographics......Page 129
Vernacular French communities......Page 131
Louisiana......Page 132
New England......Page 134
Francophone isolates......Page 135
Media......Page 136
Education......Page 137
Religion......Page 138
Signs of shift......Page 139
Signs of maintenance......Page 142
Conclusion......Page 143
Discussion questions......Page 145
History......Page 146
Demographics......Page 148
Government......Page 151
Media......Page 152
Education......Page 153
Signs of shift......Page 156
Signs of maintenance......Page 160
Conclusion......Page 162
Discussion questions......Page 163
History......Page 164
Demographics......Page 168
Religion......Page 172
Education......Page 175
Media......Page 177
Evidence of shift......Page 178
Signs of language maintenance......Page 179
Conclusion......Page 180
Discussion questions......Page 181
History......Page 182
Demographics......Page 184
Government......Page 187
Business......Page 188
Education......Page 189
Signs of shift......Page 190
Signs of maintenance......Page 192
Conclusions......Page 195
Discussion questions......Page 196
History......Page 197
Demographics......Page 201
Media......Page 204
Business......Page 205
Education......Page 206
Evidence of language shift to English and of Russian maintenance......Page 208
Signs of shift......Page 210
Signs of maintenance......Page 211
Discussion questions......Page 212
History......Page 213
Demographics......Page 214
Public presence of Italian......Page 216
Business......Page 217
Education......Page 218
Signs of shift......Page 219
Signs of maintenance......Page 221
Discussion questions......Page 223
History......Page 224
Demographics......Page 227
Government......Page 230
Media......Page 231
Education......Page 233
Evidence of language shift to English and of Arabic maintenance......Page 236
Signs of shift to English......Page 237
Conclusions......Page 239
Discussion questions......Page 240
Introduction......Page 241
History......Page 242
Demographics......Page 243
Portuguese......Page 244
Cape Verdeans......Page 245
Brazilians......Page 246
Media......Page 247
Education......Page 248
Signs of shift......Page 251
Signs of maintenance......Page 253
Conclusion......Page 254
Discussion questions......Page 255
History......Page 256
Demographics......Page 259
Public presence of Polish......Page 262
Media......Page 263
Business......Page 264
Education......Page 265
Signs of shift......Page 268
Signs of maintenance......Page 270
Conclusions......Page 271
Discussion questions......Page 272
16 Language policy in the USA......Page 273
The value of case studies in developing a comprehensive national language policy......Page 275
The challenges of language shift and loss......Page 276
Explaining language shift in the light of history......Page 278
A mixed bag of language policies......Page 281
Toward a national language policy that embraces societal multilingualism......Page 284
National Policy Statement on Heritage Language Development in the USA: Principles toward an agenda for action......Page 285
Principles for a language policy for a heritage language community in the USA......Page 288
Discussion questions......Page 289
Notes on chapter 1......Page 290
Notes on chapter 3......Page 291
Notes on chapter 7......Page 292
Note on chapter 10......Page 293
Notes on chapter 12......Page 294
Note on chapter 15......Page 295
A Weave of Time......Page 296
A Nation of Immigrants: The Chinese-American Experience......Page 297
Réveil: Waking up French......Page 298
The Texas German Dialect Project......Page 299
And they came to Chicago: Italian-Americans in the US......Page 300
I speak Arabic......Page 301
The Polish Americans......Page 302
References......Page 303
Index......Page 346