Language, Policy and Territory: A Festschrift for Colin H. Williams

Anadl Enwau
Contents
Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction
	References
Theorising Language Policy and Regulation
Examining the Political Origins of Language Policies
	1 Introduction
	2 Language Policy Research
	3 Language Policy and Historical Institutionalism
	4 Two Illustrative Examples
		4.1 Official Language Strategy Development
		4.2 New Language Legislation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Language Rights, Human Rights and the Right to Chat
	1 Introduction
	2 The Right to Chat and the Law
		2.1 ECHR and ICCPR
		2.2 UK Anti-discrimination Law
		2.3 Part 6 of the 2011 Measure
	3 Conclusion
	References
Language and Space: A New Research Agenda in Minority Language Sociolinguistics
	1 Introduction
	2 New Geographies of Language in Minority Language Sociolinguistics
	3 From Language to Speakers
	4 New Speakers and New Spaces
	5 Re-Thinking the Trivialisation of Language, Space and Place
	6 Minority Language Sociolinguistics and Mobilities
	7 Urban Dynamics and New Breathing Spaces for Minority Languages
	8 Beyond Territorial Language Spaces and Speakers
	9 Online Communities and Moving Beyond Geographical Spaces
	10 Concluding Remarks
	References
Reflections on Language as a Vehicle of Economic Value
	1 By Way of Introduction
	2 Language as an Economic Good
	3 Plurilingualism, Multilingualism, and the ‘Linguistic Environment’
	4 Language as a Public Good
	5 Language as a Hyper-Public Good
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
Language Policy Challenges in Wales
Language Planning in Action: Joining up the Dots in Wales
	1 The Revitalisation of the Welsh Language
	2 The Welsh Language Act 1993
	3 The Welsh Language Board
	4 Combining Academic Excellence with Practical Language Planning
	5 International Networking
	6 Iaith Pawb (Everyone’s Language)
	7 Governance? Where Does It Reside?
	8 Increasing Numbers of Speaks or Increasing Language Use?
	9 Political Developments Over the Past Twenty years in Wales
	10 The Welsh Government and the Welsh Language Commissioner
	11 Do We Need Regulations, or Do We Need Confidence?
	References
Recent Legal Developments in Wales: Moving Beyond Individual to Group Rights?
	References
Networked Territories of Language and Nation
	1 Introduction
	2 The Welsh-Speaking ‘heartland’ as a Linguistic Territory
	3 Networking the Welsh Linguistic Territory
		3.1 Reproducing Territories Through Networks
		3.2 Networks Problematising Linguistic Territories
	4 Conclusions
	References
Placemaking: Towards Rethinking Land-Use Planning and Language Planning for a Thriving Welsh Language
	1 Introduction
	2 Land-Use Planning and Language Planning—The Current Legislative and Policy Context
	3 Linking Land-Use Planning and Welsh Language Planning—From a Battle for Planning Status to a National Well-Being Goal
	4 Cymraeg 2050: A Future-Oriented Strategy for a Thriving Welsh Language
	5 Placemaking: A Place-Based, Community-Centred and Collaborative Approach to Land-Use and Language Planning
	6 Placemaking: Developing a Spatial Plan for Growing the Number of Welsh Speakers and Their Social Use of Welsh
	7 Placemaking: Making More and Better Use of Tools for Assessing Impact and Maximising Benefit
	8 Conclusion
	References
Signs of the Times: Onomastics and Language Policy in Wales
	1 ‘What’s in a Name?’
	2 Placards, Protests and Green Paint
	3 Committees and Quangos
	4 A New Legislative Framework
	5 Welsh Language Standards and Standardisation
	6 The Need for a New Legislative Framework?
	References
Canolfannau Cymraeg: A Top-Down or Bottom-Up Approach to Language Planning?
	References
Language Policy Challenges in Canada
Best Practices and Language Policy Designs: Lessons from Canada and Wales
	1 Introduction
	2 Ethnolinguistic Nationalism
	3 Language Rights and Regulation
	4 Canada’s Official Languages Commissioner
	5 Informing Research on Wales: Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
F.R. Scott and the Origins of Language Policy in Canada
	References
French in Canada: An Uncertain Future
	1 The Making of Canadian and Quebec Language Policies
		1.1 The Seeds of Discontent
		1.2 Policies in Conflict
	2 The Language Situation in Canada as a Whole
		2.1 Language Group Trends
		2.2 Monitoring Language Policies by Means of Language Shift
	3 The Situation in Quebec
		3.1 Language Group Trends
		3.2 Trends in Assimilation
	4 The Decline of French Outside Quebec
	5 What Future for French in Canada?
	References
Group Vitality, Language Policies and the French and English-Speaking Communities of Quebec
	1 Introduction
	2 The Vitality of Language Communities
	3 Quebec Language Laws and French–English Group Relations
	4 Collective Mobilisation of the English-Speaking Communities of Quebec
	5 Declining Vitality of the English-Speaking Communities of Quebec
	6 Demographic Decline
	7 Institutional Control in the Economic Domain
	8 Institutional Decline of the English School System
	9 Conclusion
	References
Language Policy Challenges in Ireland, Scotland and Catalonia
Changing Spatial Understandings of Minority Language Contexts: New Geographies of Irish
	1 Introduction
	2 Mapping the Gaeltacht
	3 Language and Geography
	4 Space and Place in Geography
	5 Relational Space
	6 Alternative/Critical Cartography
	7 Discussion
	References
Lessons Learned, Lessons Ignored: The Continuing Road to an Irish Language Act in Northern Ireland
	1 Background
	2 Text of a Draft Agreement
	3 The Commitments Made with Regard to Irish in NDNA
	4 The Current Position
	References
The Influence of Wales on Gaelic Development Policy in Scotland
	1 Welsh and Gaelic: Distinguishing the Cases
	2 The Impact of Wales on Gaelic Development in Scotland
	3 Language Legislation: Challenges in Design and Implementation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Voluntariat Per La Llengua: Building Social Cohesion Through Language
	1 Introduction
	2 Voluntaris per la llengua: Origins and Development of the Scheme
	3 How Successful Is the VxL? Evaluating the Programme in Quantitative and Qualitative Terms
	References
Afterword: Conviction, Advocacy and Resilience
	1 An Appreciation of the Conceivers and Contributors of the Festschrift
	2 A Career Summary
	3 A Reflection on Some of the Salient Themes Raised by the Contributors
		3.1 Disciplinary Pluralism
		3.2 Gathering and Interpreting the Evidence
		3.3 Space, Place, Context, Networks and Territory
		3.4 Legislative Considerations
		3.5 The Transfer of Good Practice from One Jurisdiction to Another
		3.6 Policy Formulation and Implementation
	4 A Brief Reflection on Some of the Outstanding Challenges Which Remain
	5 Conclusion
	References
Index