Landscape Patterns in a Range of Spatio-Temporal Scales (Landscape Series, 26)

Foreword: Landscape Science – A Multidisciplinary and Border-Crossing Scientific Approach
Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I: Theory of Landscape Pattern and Hierarchy
	Chapter 1: Concepts of Landscape Pattern
		1.1 What Is Landscape?
		1.2 Notion of Landscape Structure
		1.3 Radial Relations Between Geocomponents
		1.4 Causes of Spatial Heterogeneity
		1.5 Multiplicity of Landscape Structures
		References
	Chapter 2: Polygeosystem Fundamentals of Landscape Science
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Models and Methods
		2.3 Facial Analysis of Landscapes
		2.4 Polysystem and Polystructural Interpretation of Knowledge
		2.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 3: Multipattern (Polystructural) Organization of a Landscape: Geophysical Approach
		3.1 Common Principles of the Landscape Structure Models
		3.2 Typological Model of the Landscape Structure
		3.3 Functional Model of the Geosystem Structure
		3.4 Ecological Zoning of Geosystems Based on Information on Hydrological Functioning
		3.5 Conclusion
		References
Part II: How Patterns Indicate Actual Processes
	Chapter 4: Representation of Process Development Laws in Morphological Pattern Laws: Approach of the Mathematical Morphology of Landscape
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Methods
		4.3 Results
		4.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 5: Transformation of the Chernobyl 137Cs Contamination Patterns at the Microlandscape Level as an Indicator of Stochastic Landscape Organization
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Self-Organization of Nonlinear Hierarchical Landscape Structures
		5.3 Landscape as a Stochastic System
		5.4 Study Area
		5.5 Simulation of the Spatial Structure of 137Cs and Transformation at the Microlandscape Level
		5.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 6: Determination of the Order Parameters of the Landscape at the Regional Level
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 General Methodology of Analysis: Definition of the System as an Object of Research
		6.3 Methodology and Methods for Determination of the Hierarchy and the Order Parameters of the Relief
		6.4 Methods of Multidimensional Spatial Analysis and Order Parameters Calculation
		6.5 Study Area and Materials
		6.6 Analysis of the Hierarchical Organization, Order Parameters of Relief, and the Allocation of Its Characteristics
		6.7 Analysis of the Properties of Vegetation
		6.8 Analysis of Soil Properties, Soil-Forming Depositions, and Their Genesis
		6.9 Integration of Component Order Parameters
		6.10 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 7: Land Cover Thermodynamic Characteristics Defined by Remote Multispectral Data Based on Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Materials and Methods
		7.3 Results
		7.4 Discussion
		References
Part III: How Patterns Control Actual Processes
	Chapter 8: Structure and Phytomass Production of Coastal Geosystems Near Lake Baikal
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Theoretical Foundations
		8.3 Methods
		8.4 Study Areas
		8.5 Results
		8.6 Discussion
		8.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 9: Catena Patterns as a Reflection of Landscape Internal Heterogeneity
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Structural and Functional Organization of Catenas
		9.3 Landscape Neighborhood Effects and Formation of Barrier Zones
		9.4 Catenary Differentiation of Landscapes
		9.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 10: Structure of Topogeochores and Modern Landscape-Geochemical Processes
		References
	Chapter 11: Modeling of Hydrological and Climatic Resources of the Landscape for Sustainable Land Use at Small Watersheds
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Study Area
		11.3 Methods of GIS-Based Modeling
		11.4 Integration of Hydrocirculation Parameters in the Calculation of Water Balance Elements
		11.5 Hydrological Landscape Planning of Land Use Patterns
		11.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 12: Influence of the Landscape Structure of Watersheds on the Processes of Surface Water Quality Formation (Case Study of Western Siberia)
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Various Aspects of the Relevance of the Issue
		12.3 Methods and Materials
		12.4 Study Area
		12.5 Results and Discussion
		12.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 13: Comparison of Landscape and Floristic Diversity in Plain Catchments at the Level of Elementary Regions
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Study Area
		13.3 Methods and Approaches
		13.4 Results
		13.5 Conclusion
		References
Part IV: How Patterns Indicate Genesis and Influence Future Evolution Trends
	Chapter 14: Altitudinal Landscape Complexes of the Central Russian Forest–Steppe
		14.1 Vertical Differentiation of Plain Landscapes: Research Issues
		14.2 Classification Categories of Altitudinal Landscape Complexes
		14.3 Issues of Indication of Altitudinal Landscape Complexes
		14.4 Vertical Differentiation of Landscapes and Landscape–Typological Mapping
		14.5 Vertical Differentiation of Landscapes and Optimization of Landscape–Ecological Situation
		References
	Chapter 15: Landscape Structure as Indicator of Debris Flow and Avalanche Activity in the Russian Caucasus Mountains
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Study Area and Methods
		15.3 Results and Discussion
			15.3.1 Landscape Structure of the Debris Flow Geosystems
			15.3.2 Landscape Structure of the Avalanche Geosystem
		15.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 16: Multiscale Analysis of Landscape Structure
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Material and Methods
		16.3 Results
		16.4 Discussion
		16.5 Conclusion
		References
Part V: How Patterns Control Dynamic Events
	Chapter 17: Structure and Long-Term Dynamics of Landscape as a Reflection of the Natural Processes and History of Nature Use: The Example of the Northwest of European Russia
		17.1 Introduction
		17.2 Concept of Landscape Dynamics
		17.3 Nature Peculiarities of Northwestern European Russia
		17.4 Results
			17.4.1 Dynamics of Forest Stands
			17.4.2 Afforestation on Abandoned Agricultural Lands
			17.4.3 Dynamics of Peat Bogs Under Influence of Drainage
		17.5 Landscape-Dynamical Mapping
		17.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 18: Seasonal Dynamics in the Context of Polystructural Organization of Landscapes
		18.1 Introduction
		18.2 Methods
		18.3 Study Area
		18.4 Results
		18.5 Conclusion
		References
Part VI: How Patterns Respond to Climatic and Anthropogenic Changes
	Chapter 19: Dendrochronological Indication of Landscape Spatiotemporal Organization in the Northern Taiga of West Siberian Plain and Elbrus Region: Astrophysical and Geophysical Drivers of Bioproductivity
		19.1 Introduction
		19.2 Study Area
		19.3 Materials and Methods
		19.4 Results and Discussion
		19.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 20: Carbon Balance in Forest Ecosystems and Biotic Regulation of Carbon Cycle Under Global Climate Changes
		20.1 General Features of Landscape Ecological Modeling
		20.2 Conceptual Foundations of Landscape-Ecological Predictions
		20.3 Empirical Material for Modeling
		20.4 Modeling Methods
		20.5 The Carbon Balance of Forest Ecosystems Predicted for Different Climatic Trends
			20.5.1 Analytical Predictive Modeling
			20.5.2 Area-Weighted Average Rates of Carbon Balances
			20.5.3 Carbon Balance of Forest Formations Under Conditions of Cooling and Warming
		20.6 Mapping Predictive Scenarios of the Carbon Balance
		References
	Chapter 21: Actual Changes of Mountainous Landscapes in Inner Asia as a Result of Anthropogenic Effects
		21.1 Introduction
		21.2 Study Area
		21.3 Methods
		21.4 Results
		21.5 Conclusion
		References
Part VII: How Patterns Affected Land Use in the Past
	Chapter 22: Initial Stages of Anthropogenic Evolution of Landscapes in Russia
		22.1 Introduction
		22.2 Methods
		22.3 Results
		22.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 23: How Natural and Positional Factors Influenced Land-Use Change During the Last 250 Years in Temperate Russia
		23.1 Introduction
		23.2 Materials and Methods
			23.2.1 Study Area and Period
			23.2.2 Landscape Mapping
			23.2.3 Reconstruction of Land-Use Change
			23.2.4 Analysis of Land-Use Distribution Factors
		23.3 Results
			23.3.1 Landscape Structure
			23.3.2 Reconstruction of Land-Use Change
			23.3.3 Natural Factors of Land-Use Distribution
			23.3.4 Positional Factors of Land-Use Distribution
			23.3.5 Analysis of the Settlement System
		23.4 Discussion
		References
	Chapter 24: Landscape Features of the Prehistory of Moscow
		24.1 Introduction: Physical-Geographical Features of the Historical Center of Moscow
		24.2 Landscape Structure of the Territory of the Modern Kremlin
		24.3 Reconstruction of Landscape Features of Nature Use in the Kremlin Area in the Bronze Age
		24.4 Reconstruction of Landscape Features of Nature Use in the Area of the Kremlin in the Iron Age
		24.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 25: GIS-Based Study of Landscape Structure and Land Use Within the River Valleys in the Southern Tomsk Region: Spatial-Temporal Aspects
		25.1 Introduction
		25.2 Approaches and Terminology
		25.3 Study Area
		25.4 Spatial Data
		25.5 Spatial Analysis: Methods and Results
		25.6 Conclusions
		References
Part VIII: How Patterns Determine Actual Land Use
	Chapter 26: The Development of the Territorial Planning and Agrolandscapes Projecting in Russia
		References
Glossary
	References