Landscape in Language: Transdisciplinary perspectives

Editorial page......Page 3
Title page......Page 4
Copyright page
......Page 5
Table of contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
1. Introduction......Page 16
2. The linguistics of landscape......Page 18
3. Issues in ethnophysiography......Page 22
4. Landscape terms and categories......Page 24
5. Place names......Page 25
6. Cultural and spiritual significance of places......Page 26
7. Cultural differences and Geographic Information Systems......Page 27
8. Overview of the remaining chapters......Page 28
References......Page 33
1. Introduction......Page 40
2.1 Description of language community......Page 41
2.2 Case study description......Page 43
2.3 Main findings......Page 44
3.1 Description of language community......Page 46
3.2 Case study description......Page 48
3.3 Main findings......Page 49
4.1 Beyond descriptive ethnography......Page 51
4.2 Towards a descriptive model of ethnophysiographic factors......Page 52
4.3 Preliminary version of Ethnophysiography Descriptive Model......Page 53
Acknowledgments......Page 57
References......Page 58
1. Introduction......Page 62
2. Complexities of ethnophysiography......Page 63
3. Collaborative research......Page 65
4. Phenomenology......Page 67
5. Phenomenology as overarching paradigm for ethnophysiography......Page 69
6. Indigenous knowledges......Page 71
7. Indigenous attachment to ‘country’......Page 73
8. The dreaming, Tjukurrpa and gathered places......Page 76
9. Towards philosophical reconciliation......Page 78
10. Methods for using phenomenology in ethnophysiography......Page 80
11. Potential for ethnophysiography research to inform phenomenology......Page 81
References......Page 84
1. Introduction......Page 88
2.1 Landscape: An ambiguous concept......Page 90
2.2 Landscape: A universal concept?......Page 91
2.3 Did Māori conceptualize “landscape”?......Page 92
2.4 An alternate perspective on landscape......Page 94
3.1 Introduction......Page 96
3.2 Understandings of time......Page 97
3.3 Genealogy and knowing......Page 98
3.4 Thought and the spoken word......Page 99
4.1 Whenua: Place......Page 101
4.2 “Mirror knowledge”......Page 102
5.1 Introduction: The study of Māori named places......Page 103
5.3 Terms for landscape features......Page 104
5.4 Imagining named places......Page 105
5.5 The names are the places......Page 106
6. “Simultaneous landscapes”......Page 109
References......Page 110
0. Introduction......Page 116
1. What is being analyzed?......Page 118
2. What issues arise when gathering data?......Page 121
3. How are questions framed to access data?......Page 122
4. What is the goal of ethnophysiography?......Page 123
5. How is human meaning connected to human expression, in the context of language about landscape?......Page 126
6. What are the implications of applying the reconstructed data?......Page 129
7. If ethnophysiography is to be seen as a nascent discipline, how does it relate to other disciplines?......Page 132
8. Conclusion......Page 133
References......Page 134
1. Introduction......Page 136
2. Research setting......Page 138
3.2 Data collection and analysis......Page 140
4.1 Broad structure......Page 141
4.2 The physical environment......Page 142
5. Ethnoecology and environmental variation......Page 149
References......Page 152
1. Introduction......Page 158
1.1 Prolegomenon......Page 159
1.2 Language......Page 160
1.3 Culture and economy......Page 161
1.4 Ecosystem, geography and climate......Page 162
2. Toponyms......Page 164
3. Elevations......Page 168
4. Vegetated areas......Page 172
5. Streams and water......Page 173
6. Seascape......Page 176
7. An areal perspective......Page 179
References......Page 181
1. Introduction......Page 182
2. Sensuous nature of Hawaiian place names......Page 183
3. Incorporative practices......Page 187
4. Cartographic culture clash in post-contact/modern-colonial Hawai‘i......Page 189
5. Transmodern solutions......Page 194
References......Page 200
1. Introduction......Page 202
2. Notions of space in a landscape of variability......Page 205
2.1 Cosmological notions of sea space......Page 206
2.2 Generational perspectives on nomenclature......Page 208
2.3 Nomenclature conventions and interpretations......Page 209
3. Sea ice, sea space......Page 211
3.1 Horizontal units of the sea ice......Page 220
3.2 Vertical units of the land-water interface......Page 223
4. Sea water, sea space......Page 229
5. Generational disparities of spatial nomenclature......Page 232
6. Elastic spaces and dissolved edges......Page 233
7. Conclusion......Page 235
Acknowledgments......Page 236
References......Page 237
1. Landscape as a linguistic domain......Page 240
2. Elevation terms......Page 244
3. Streamscapes......Page 246
4. Conclusions......Page 250
References......Page 251
1. Introduction......Page 254
2. Ahtna geographic names......Page 256
2.1 Place name structure......Page 258
2.2 Place names content......Page 263
2.3 Place name distribution......Page 265
2.4 Geographic networks among Athabascans......Page 266
3. Riverine directionals......Page 269
References......Page 274
1. The land and people of the Kaltag area......Page 276
2. Place names......Page 278
3. Creating a sense of place......Page 282
4. Education and technology......Page 285
5. Conclusion......Page 287
References......Page 288
1. Introduction......Page 290
2. Perception......Page 292
3. Affordance......Page 294
4. Practice......Page 296
5. Biospiritual forces......Page 298
6. Islands and refuges in Tlingit landscape and cognition......Page 299
7. Conclusion......Page 302
References......Page 303
1. Introduction......Page 306
2. Unpacking “ethnoecology”......Page 307
3.1 Gitksan......Page 309
3.2 Witsuwit’en......Page 310
3.3 Kaska......Page 311
4. Methods and approaches to landscape research......Page 312
5.1 Topographic terms......Page 313
5.2 Water terms......Page 316
5.3 Snow and ice terms......Page 319
5.4 Slides......Page 321
5.5 Vegetation......Page 322
5.6 Features of the cultural landscape: Hunting, trapping, trails, camps and powerful places......Page 325
5.7 Orientation and movement on the land......Page 327
6. Discussion......Page 330
7. Conclusions......Page 336
Sources of geographic terms in tables......Page 338
References......Page 339
1. Introduction......Page 342
2. Place names as perception and description......Page 344
3. Place names for place-possession......Page 345
4. Place names as itineraries......Page 347
5. Place names as history......Page 349
6. Place names and making a living......Page 351
7. Northern/Southern Athabaskan comparisons......Page 352
References......Page 353
1. Cultural aspects of landscape......Page 358
2. Landscape terms......Page 363
References......Page 365
1. Mapping, navigating and oral tradition......Page 368
2. Historical context......Page 370
3. Reconstructing Jicarilla cognitive maps......Page 371
3.1 Ancestral landscapes......Page 373
3.2 Maps of personal narratives......Page 374
4. Conclusions......Page 380
Acknowledgements......Page 381
References......Page 382
1. Introduction......Page 384
2. Ontologies and language use......Page 386
3. Foundational ontologies and grounding......Page 388
4.2 “Ontologies use formal logic, which is inadequate to capture meaning”......Page 390
4.4 “Stating relations between words in a vocabulary is hard and foundational ontologies like DOLCE are difficult to understand”......Page 391
5. Conclusions......Page 392
References......Page 393
1. Introduction......Page 396
2. Use of GIS in landscape in language......Page 397
3. Use of GIS by indigenous peoples......Page 399
4. Use of GIS to model landscape in language by the Cree......Page 400
5. Examples of Cree language via GIS......Page 402
6. Conclusion......Page 406
References......Page 407
1. Introduction......Page 410
2. What is landscape?......Page 411
3. Why classify landscapes?......Page 412
4. Landscape classification......Page 413
5. The New Zealand Landscape Classification......Page 414
6. The importance of language for developing landscape classification......Page 418
7. Conclusions and implications......Page 419
References......Page 421
1. Introduction......Page 426
2. The discussion......Page 427
References......Page 449
Notes on contributors......Page 450
Index......Page 458