Landolt-Bornstein - Numerical Data and Functional Relationships [Vol 4a

Title Page, Contributors, Preface, Errata......Page 1
4.10  List of abbreviations......Page 0
1  Equations and principles of atmospheric large-scale dynamics (G. Fischer)......Page 6
1.1  The fundamental laws and their mathematical representation......Page 7
1.2  Spherical coordinates......Page 11
1.3  General horizontal coordinates......Page 18
1.4  Generalized vertical coordinates......Page 23
1.5  Energy and angular momentum budgets......Page 33
1.6  Books on dynamical meteorology......Page 40
1.7  List of symbols......Page 41
2.1  System of units, absolute constants and parameters......Page 43
2.2.1  Useful parameters as a function of latitude......Page 52
2.2.2  Significant wind approximations......Page 60
2.3.2  Elementary constants and functions......Page 72
2.3.3.2  Virtual temperature and virtual temperature increment......Page 75
2.3.3.3  Density of air......Page 82
2.3.3.4  Density of water vapor at saturation equilibrium over a plane surface of pure water or ice......Page 84
2.3.3.5  Potential temperature......Page 96
2.3.4  Relations for H2O-saturation equilibrium in cloud air......Page 105
2.4.1  Data of the gravity system......Page 118
2.4.2  Barometric quantities in hydrostatic equilibrium......Page 125
2.4.3  Relations at polytropic stratification......Page 137
2.4.4  The ICAO-standard atmosphere......Page 143
2.5  References for 2......Page 148
3.1.3  List of symbols......Page 149
3.1.4  Explanation of technical terms......Page 151
3.1.5  Northern hemisphere......Page 154
3.1.6  Southern hemisphere......Page 168
3.1.7  Maintenance of the atmospheric circulation......Page 170
3.1.8  References for 3......Page 172
3.2  Survey of figures and tables......Page 176
3.3.2.1  List of figures (survey)......Page 184
3.3.2.2  Time averaged meridional cross sections (MMC)......Page 186
3.3.2.3.1  Surface air temperature and sea level pressure......Page 189
Figs. 7 - 13......Page 193
Figs. 14 - 20......Page 207
3.3.2.3.3  Wind at 200 mbar......Page 221
3.3.2.4  Large-scale waves......Page 225
Figs. 35 - 48......Page 229
Figs. 49 - 62......Page 238
3.3.3.1  List of figures (survey)......Page 247
3.3.3.2  Time averaged meridional cross sections (MMC)......Page 249
3.3.3.3.1  Sea level pressure......Page 251
Figs. 67 - 72......Page 253
Figs. 73 - 78......Page 265
3.3.3.3.3  Wind at 200 mbar......Page 277
3.3.3.4  Large-scale waves......Page 281
3.3.3.5  Horizontal transports by the large-scale waves......Page 284
3.4.2.1  List of tables (survey)......Page 297
3.4.2.2  Time averaged meridional cross sections (MMC)......Page 300
3.4.2.3.1  Surface air temperature and sea level pressure......Page 305
3.4.2.3.2  Temperature and geopotential height at 500 mbar......Page 314
3.4.2.3.3  Wind at 200 mbar......Page 322
Tables 11 - 12......Page 330
Tables 13 - 14......Page 342
Tables 15 - 18......Page 354
Tables 19 - 22......Page 368
Tables 23 - 24......Page 382
Tables 25 - 26......Page 393
3.4.3.1  List of tables (survey)......Page 405
3.4.3.2  Time averaged meridional cross sections (MMC)......Page 407
3.4.3.3.1  Sea level pressure......Page 410
3.4.3.3.2  Temperature and geopotential height at 500 mbar......Page 415
3.4.3.3.3  Wind at 200 mbar......Page 423
Tables 35 - 36......Page 431
Tables 37 - 38......Page 439
Tables 39 - 42......Page 447
Tables 43 - 47......Page 454
4.2  Meteorological stations......Page 463
4.3  World Meteorological Organization (WMO)......Page 470
4.4  International programmes......Page 477
4.5  National weather services......Page 481
4.6  European Centre of Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)......Page 488
4.7  International non-governmental organizations......Page 490
4.8  Meteorological societies......Page 492
4.9  Meteorological and geophysical journals......Page 494
4.10  List of abbreviations......Page 499
4.11  References for 4......Page 502