Landmarks in Modern American Business

Publisher’s Note......Page 6
Contributors......Page 8
Contents: Volume 1 (1897–1942)......Page 10
1 The Wall Street Journal Prints The Dow Jones Industrial Av E R Ag E......Page 30
2 Discovery Of Oil At Spindletop Transforms The Oil Industry......Page 36
3 Champion V. Ames Upholds Federal Powers To Regulate Commerce......Page 42
4 The U.s. Government Creates The Department Of Commerce And Labor......Page 49
5 The Supreme Court Strikes Down A Maximum Hours Law......Page 55
6 Congress Passes The Pure Food And Drug Act......Page 62
7 Harvard University Founds A Business School......Page 69
8 Congress Updates Copyright Law In 1909......Page 76
9 The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Prompts Labor Reforms......Page 83
10 The Supreme Court Decides To Break Up Standard Oil......Page 89
11 Advertisers Adopt A Truth In Advertising Code......Page 96
12 Ford Implements Assembly Line Production......Page 102
13 The Federal Reserve Act Creates A U.s. Central Bank......Page 110
14 The Panama Canal Opens......Page 117
15 The Federal Trade Commission Is Organized......Page 123
16 Congress Passes The Clayton Antitrust Act......Page 130
17 Labor Unions Win Exemption From Antitrust Laws......Page 139
18 The United States Establishes A Permanent Tariff Commission......Page 146
19 Station Kdka Introduces Commercial Radio Broadcasting......Page 152
20 The A. C. Nielsen Company Pioneers In Marketing And Media Research......Page 158
21 The Supreme Court Rules Against Minimum Wag E L Aw S......Page 164
22 Ibm Changes Its Name And Product Line......Page 171
23 Congress Restricts Immigration With 1924 Legislation......Page 178
24 The Teapot Dome Scandal Prompts Reforms In The Oil Industry......Page 185
25 The Railway Labor Act Provides For Mediation Of Labor Disputes......Page 193
26 Congress Passes The Agricultural Marketing Act......Page 201
27 The U.s. Stock Market Crashes On Black Tuesday......Page 208
28 The Norris-laguardia Act Adds Strength To Labor Organizations......Page 215
29 The U.s. Government Creates The Tennessee Valley Authority......Page 222
30 The Banking Act Of 1933 Reorganizes The American Banking System......Page 230
31 The National Industrial Recovery Act Is Passed......Page 238
32 The Securities Exchange Act Establishes The Sec......Page 246
33 Congress Establishes The Federal Communications Commission......Page 253
34 Congress Passes The Federal Credit Union Act......Page 260
35 The Wagner Act Promotes Union Organization......Page 267
36 The Social Security Act Provides Benefits For Workers......Page 274
37 The Banking Act Of 1935 Centralizes U.s. Monetary Control......Page 281
38 The Cio Begins Unionizing Unskilled Workers......Page 288
39 The Dc-3 Opens A New Era Of Commercial Air Travel......Page 295
40 Roosevelt Signs The Fair Labor Standards Act......Page 302
41 The 1939 World’s Fair Introduces Regular U.s. Television Service......Page 309
42 Roosevelt Signs The Emergency Price Control Act......Page 316
43 The United States Begins The Bracero Program......Page 324
Contents: Volume 2 (1944–1974)......Page 18
44 Roosevelt Signs The G.i. Bill......Page 330
45 Truman Orders The Seizure Of Railways......Page 338
46 The Truman Administration Launches The Marshall Plan......Page 344
47 The Taft-hartley Act Passes Over Truman’s Veto......Page 351
48 The General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade Is Signed......Page 358
49 Diners Club Begins A New Industry......Page 364
50 The First Homeowner’s Insurance Policies Are Offered......Page 370
51 The Celler-kefauver Act Amends Antitrust Legislation......Page 377
52 Congress Creates The Small Business Administration......Page 383
53 Eisenhower Begins The Food For Peace Program......Page 390
54 The Afl And Cio Merge......Page 397
55 Congress Sets Standards For Chemical Additives In Food......Page 404
56 The Landrum-griffin Act Targets Union Corruption......Page 411
57 Firms Begin Replacing Skilled Laborers With Automatic Tools......Page 418
58 The U.s. Service Economy Emerges......Page 424
59 The Agency For International Development Is Established......Page 430
60 Congress Passes The Equal Pay Act......Page 437
61 Gpu Announces Plans For A Commercial Nuclear Reactor......Page 444
62 Hoffa Negotiates A National Trucking Agreement......Page 452
63 The Kennedy-johnson Tax Cuts Stimulate The U.s. Economy......Page 458
64 The Civil Rights Act Prohibits Discrimination In Employment......Page 465
65 American And Mexican Companies Form Maquiladoras......Page 472
66 Johnson Signs The Medicare And Medicaid Amendments......Page 480
67 Congress Limits The Use Of Billboards......Page 488
68 Congress Passes The Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act......Page 494
69 Nader’s Unsafe At Any Speed Launches A Consumer Movement......Page 500
70 Atlantic Richfield Discovers Oil At Prudhoe Bay, Alaska......Page 507
71 Congress Passes The Consumer Credit Protection Act......Page 513
72 The United States Bans Cyclamates From Consumer Markets......Page 520
73 The Banning Of Ddt Signals New Environmental Awareness......Page 526
74 Health Consciousness Creates Huge New Markets......Page 532
75 The U.s. Government Reforms Child Product Safety Laws......Page 538
76 Amtrak Takes Over Most U.s. Intercity Train Traffic......Page 545
77 The U.s. Government Bans Cigarette Ads On Broadcast Media......Page 552
78 Congress Passes The Rico Act......Page 560
79 Congress Passes The Fair Credit Reporting Act......Page 566
80 The Environmental Protection Agency Is Created......Page 573
81 Nixon Signs The Occupational Safety And Health Act......Page 580
82 The United States Suffers Its First Trade Deficit Since 1888......Page 587
83 The Supreme Court Orders The End Of Discrimination In Hiring......Page 594
84 An Independent Agency Takes Over U.s. Postal Service......Page 602
85 Nixon Signs The Consumer Product Safety Act......Page 610
86 The United States Plans To Cut Dependence On Foreign Oil......Page 617
Contents: Volume 3 (1974–2000)......Page 26
87 The Employee Retirement Income Security Act Of 1974 Is Passed......Page 624
88 Congress Prohibits Discrimination In The Granting Of Credit......Page 631
89 Jobs And Wozniak Found Apple Computer......Page 638
90 Murdoch Extends His Media Empire To The United States......Page 644
91 At&t And Gte Install Fiber-optic Telephone Systems......Page 650
92 The Alaskan Oil Pipeline Opens......Page 657
93 Carter Signs The Airline Deregulation Act......Page 663
94 The Pregnancy Discrimination Act Extends Employment Rights......Page 670
95 The Three Mile Island Accident Prompts Reforms In Nuclear Power......Page 676
96 The Supreme Court Rules On Affirmative Action Programs......Page 684
97 American Firms Adopt Japanese Manufacturing Techniques......Page 691
98 Cad/cam Revolutionizes Engineering And Manufacturing......Page 698
99 Defense Cutbacks Devastate The U.s. Aerospace Industry......Page 705
100 Electronic Technology Creates The Possibility Of Telecommuting......Page 712
101 Congress Deregulates Banks And Savings And Loans......Page 720
102 The Cable News Network Debuts......Page 727
103 Reagan Promotes Supply-side Economics......Page 734
104 Federal Regulators Authorize Adjustable-rate Mortgages......Page 741
105 Air Traffic Controllers Of Patco Declare A Strike......Page 748
106 Ibm Introduces Its Personal Computer......Page 755
107 At&t Agrees To Be Broken Up As Part Of An Antitrust Settlement......Page 763
108 Compact Discs Reach The Market......Page 769
109 Firefighters V. Stotts Upholds Seniority Systems......Page 776
110 Home Shopping Service Is Offered On Cable Television......Page 783
111 The Supreme Court Upholds Quotas As A Remedy For Discrimination......Page 790
112 Insider Trading Scandals Mar The Emerging Junk Bond Market......Page 797
113 The Immigration Reform And Control Act Is Signed Into Law......Page 805
114 The U.s. Stock Market Crashes On 1987’s “black Monday”......Page 812
115 Drexel And Michael Milken Are Charged With Insider Trading......Page 818
116 Mexico Renegotiates Debt To U.s. Banks......Page 825
117 Bush Responds To The Savings And Loan Crisis......Page 831
118 Sony Purchases Columbia Pictures......Page 838
119 Bush Signs The Americans With Disabilities Act Of 1990......Page 845
120 Bush Signs The Clean Air Act Of 1990......Page 853
121 The North American Free Trade Agreement Goes Into Effect......Page 860
122 Cable Television Rises To Challenge Network Television......Page 866
123 Time Magazine Makes An E-commerce Pioneer Its Person Of The Year......Page 873
124 Dow Jones Adds Microsoft And Intel......Page 879
125 Awarding Of An Nfl Franchise To Houston Raises The Ante In Professional Sports......Page 885
126 The Y2k Crisis Finally Arrives......Page 891
Chronological List of Events......Page 900
Alphabetical List of Events......Page 903
Subject Index......Page 916