Lagoons: Biology, Management and Environmental Impact (Environmental Science, Engineering and Technology)

LAGOONS: BIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 9
ABSTRACT......Page 21
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 22
2. LIVER, ITS ROLE IN METABOLISM, ACCUMULATION  AND REGULATION OF XENOBIOTIC COMPOUNDS......Page 23
Histopathology......Page 24
Glycogen and Lipid Reserves......Page 25
Biotransformation System of Xenobiotics......Page 26
Metal-Binding Proteins......Page 28
3.1. The Spleen......Page 29
3.2. The Kidney......Page 30
4. THE IMPACT OF WATER CONTAMINATION ON RENAL FUNCTION......Page 32
Endocrine Kidney Response to Stressors......Page 34
5.1. Non-Specific Defence Mechanisms......Page 35
Macrophage Aggregates......Page 36
Splenic MAs......Page 37
6. ORGANO-SOMATIC INDICES......Page 40
The Splenosomatic Index (SSI)......Page 41
The Hepato-Somatic Index (HSI)......Page 43
CONCLUSION......Page 44
REFERENCES......Page 46
ABSTRACT......Page 59
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 60
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 62
3. FORAMINIFERA LIVING IN LAGOONAL ENVIRONMENTS......Page 63
4.1. Common Pattern......Page 65
Morphology......Page 67
Sediments......Page 68
Hydrodynamics......Page 69
Foraminiferal Assemblages......Page 70
Sediments......Page 71
4.5. Restricted, Non-Stratified Lagoon, with Roughly Normal Saline Waters......Page 72
Foraminiferal Assemblages......Page 73
Foraminiferal Assemblages......Page 75
4.7. Generalization......Page 76
5.1. Use of Foraminifera......Page 77
5.2. The Effect of Organic Matter on Benthic Foraminifera......Page 78
5.4. The Effect of Trace Elements on Benthic Foraminifera......Page 80
7. CONCLUSION......Page 81
REFERENCES......Page 82
ABSTRACT......Page 93
INTRODUCTION......Page 94
The Foodweb Model......Page 96
Predictions of Normal Biomasses......Page 102
Migration......Page 107
An Outline of the Sub-Model for Jellyfish......Page 112
Macrophyte Cover......Page 115
Macrophytes and Macroalgae and Their Influence on Fish Production......Page 117
Eutrophication......Page 119
Overfishing......Page 121
Toxic Contamination......Page 122
Sensitivity Analysis – Latitude/Temperature......Page 125
Sensitivity Analysis - Salinity......Page 127
DISCUSSION AND COMMENTS......Page 128
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 129
APPENDIX: MINOR MODIFICATIONS......Page 130
REFERENCES......Page 134
ABSTRACT......Page 139
1. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION......Page 140
2. PHYSICAL FEATURES......Page 142
3. MORPHOLOGY......Page 143
4.1. The Influence of Catchment Characteristics on ICOLLs......Page 145
4.2. Catchment Hydrology......Page 146
5.3. Dissolved Oxygen......Page 148
6.1. Grain Size......Page 149
6.2. Nitrogen and Phosphorus......Page 150
6.4.1. Nitrogen......Page 151
7.1. Food Webs......Page 154
7.2. Algae and Plants......Page 155
7.3. Soft Sediment Macrofauna......Page 156
7.4. Fish......Page 158
8. ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES......Page 160
8.2. Changes in Biological Communities......Page 161
9.1. Flood Management......Page 162
9.3. Conservation......Page 163
REFERENCES......Page 164
ABSTRACT......Page 173
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 174
2. WATERBIRDS AS INDICATORS: POTENTIAL USES AND RESTRICTIONS......Page 175
3. THE PARTICULAR CASE OF MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL LAGOONS......Page 176
4. A TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN EXAMPLE: THE MAR MENOR CASE STUDY......Page 177
4.1. Long Term Response of Waterbirds to Environmental Changes......Page 180
4.2. Spatial Response of Waterbirds along Coastal Lagoon Gradients......Page 182
4.3. New Approaches: Coupling Waterbird Studies with Other Biological Monitoring Schemes......Page 190
4.4. Towards a Better Understanding of Waterbird Trophic Ecology in CL......Page 191
5. SYNTHESIS AND PERSPECTIVES......Page 193
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
ABSTRACT......Page 205
1. INTRODUCTION AND AIM......Page 206
2.1. Previous Tests and Studies......Page 208
2.2. Data and Methods......Page 210
3. THE DYNAMIC COASTWEB-MODEL......Page 212
3.1. Regressions between Modeled TP-Values versus Total-N and Different Bioindicators......Page 220
4.1. Modeled Values versus Empirical Data......Page 225
4.2. Fluxes and Amounts of Phosphorus......Page 227
5. PREDICTING THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE SYSTEM  TO CHANGES IN NUTRIENT LOADING......Page 229
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 234
REFERENCES......Page 235
ABSTRACT......Page 239
1.0. INTRODUCTION......Page 240
1.1. Geomorphology and Sedimentation of Coastal Lagoon......Page 241
1.2. Value of Coastal Lagoons......Page 242
1.3. Environemntal Impact Studies......Page 243
1.4. Environmental Impacts of Dredging......Page 244
1.5. Overview of the Keta Restoration Project......Page 246
2.0. Field Sampling......Page 248
2.2. Data Analyses......Page 249
3.1. Distribution of Dredged Materials on Restoration Sites......Page 250
3.2. Impacts of Dredging Operations on Shorebirds\' Abundance......Page 251
3.3. Dredging Impacts on Macrobenthic Fuanal Community Structure......Page 252
3.4.1. Spatial Pattern Of Water Quality......Page 254
3.4.2. Temporal Patterns Of Water Quality Regimes......Page 257
4.1. Distribution Pattern of Avifauna Community......Page 259
4.2. Impact of Dredging on Macrobenthic Fauna......Page 260
REFERENCES......Page 261
ABSTRACT......Page 269
8.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 270
8.2. COASTAL LAGOON PRODUCTIVITY: AN ECONOMIC VALUE LINKED TO THE TROPHIC LEVEL......Page 271
8.3. NATURAL AND HUMAN-CONTROLLED FACTORS THAT AFFECT TROPHIC LEVEL......Page 274
8.4. WHEN THE IMBALANCE OCCURS: EUTROPHICATION, MAIN FEATURES AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS......Page 277
8.5. AN OVERVIEW ON RECENT DATA RELATED TO THE TROPHISM OF LAGOONS WORLDWIDE......Page 278
8.6. INTERNATIONAL DIRECTIVES: THE NEED FOR ORGANIZING A STRATEGIC REGULATION......Page 285
8.7. ACTUAL PERSPECTIVES: IMPROVE THE KNOWLEDGE THROUGHOUT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH......Page 287
REFERENCES......Page 288
ABSTRACT......Page 299
INTRODUCTION......Page 300
FENTON-LIKE REAGENTS......Page 301
OZONE......Page 302
PERSULFATE......Page 303
PEROXY-ACIDS......Page 304
Porto Marghera Sediments......Page 305
Gowanus Canal Sediments......Page 307
Porto Marghera Sediments......Page 308
Chemicals and Analytical Methods......Page 309
Porto Marghera Sediments......Page 310
Gowanus Canal Sediments......Page 313
Comparison Between the Two Sediments......Page 316
CONCLUSION......Page 317
REFERENCES......Page 318
ABSTRACT......Page 321
1. INTRODUCTION AND AIM......Page 322
2.1. Data and Methods......Page 325
2.2. The Dynamic Coastmab-Model......Page 328
2.3. Regressions between Modeled TP-Values versus Total-N and Bioindicators......Page 330
3.1. Modeled Values versus Empirical Data......Page 335
3.2. Fluxes and Amounts of Phosphorus......Page 337
3.3. Changes in the Gulf of Finland during the Last 100 Years......Page 338
3.4. Reconstruction the Conditions in the Gulf of Finland......Page 343
3.5. Sensitivity Tests......Page 347
REFERENCES......Page 349
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 353
Definitions of Coastal Lagoons, Transitional Waters and Coastal Waters......Page 355
2. ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE OF  THE COASTAL LAGOONS; ENVIRONMENTAL  ISSUES AND CONFLICTS......Page 357
3. WATER FLOWS IN COASTAL LAGOONS  AND MANAGEMENT OF THE WATERSHED......Page 362
4. IMPORTANCE OF INTERNAL PROCESSES IN THE  LAGOON FOR MAINTAINING WATER QUALITY  AND FOR PROVIDING HABITATS......Page 364
5. EFFECTS OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE  ON THE COASTAL LAGOONS......Page 368
6. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVE......Page 369
REFERENCES......Page 370
ABSTRACT......Page 371
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 372
2. GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT......Page 374
3.1. Within the Ecosystem Itself......Page 376
3.2. Pathway Functions that Connect and Transfer Water, Material, and Organisms between Land and Sea......Page 377
4. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES......Page 380
5.1. Conflicts of Interest......Page 382
5.2. Underlying Causes of the Conflict......Page 385
5.4. A New Old Approach......Page 386
REFERENCES......Page 387
ABSTRACT......Page 391
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 392
3.1. Textural, Mineralogical and Paleontological Analyses......Page 393
3.4. Palaeogeographical Reconstruction......Page 396
4.1. Facies and Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation......Page 397
4.2.1. Cluster groups......Page 404
5. LATE PLEISTOCENE-LATE HOLOCENE EVOLUTION  OF THE DOÑANA NATIONAL PARK......Page 405
5.2. Phase 2 (OIS 2)......Page 407
Phase 3 (Early Holocene)......Page 408
Phase 8 (3-2.2 cal ka)......Page 409
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 410
REFERENCES......Page 411
ABSTRACT......Page 417
INTRODUCTION......Page 418
Mercury and Other Water Quality Parameters......Page 419
Vegetation......Page 423
Fish......Page 424
Manatees......Page 425
CONSERVATION......Page 429
REFERENCES......Page 432
ABSTRACT......Page 437
INTRODUCTION......Page 438
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS APPROACH......Page 440
PROFILE OF FIELD STUDY SITE (CHILIKA LAGOON)......Page 441
VULNERABLITY ASSESSMENT THROUGH  LIVELIHOOD ASSETS ANALYSIS......Page 442
Financial Capital......Page 443
Physical Capital......Page 444
ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES FOR LAGOON FISHERY DEVELOPMENT......Page 445
Integrated Lagoon Fisheries Management......Page 446
Wise Use of Fishery Resources......Page 448
Enhancing Resilient Fishing Communities......Page 449
CONCLUSION......Page 450
REFERENCES......Page 451
ABSTRACT......Page 455
Sedimentation of Ice Algal Community......Page 456
Saroma-Ko Lagoon......Page 457
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 458
Environmental Conditions Before and After Trap Deployment......Page 461
Dominant Species of Ice Algae and Water Column Phytoplankton......Page 462
Temporal Changes in Cell Volume......Page 463
Relationship between Cell Volume and Chl A and BSi......Page 465
Vertical Flux of Chl a and BSi......Page 466
DISCUSSION......Page 468
REFERENCES......Page 472
ABSTRACT......Page 477
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 478
2.1. General Knowledge on the Lagoons of Turkish Thrace (Location, Origin and Hidrography)......Page 479
2.1.1. Lake Erikli......Page 480
2.1.2. Lake Mert (Lake Koca)......Page 481
2.1.2.1. Some Limnological Characters Of Lake Mert......Page 482
2.1.4. Lake Küçükçekmece......Page 483
2.1.5. Lake Büyükçekmece......Page 485
2.1.6. Tuzla (Erikli Salt) Lagoon......Page 486
2.1.7. Vakıf Salt Lagoon......Page 487
2.1.10. Taşaltı lagoon......Page 488
2.1.11. Lake Gala......Page 489
2.3. Evaluation......Page 490
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 491
REFERENCES......Page 492
INDEX......Page 495