Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes 2: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance

Front Matter....Pages i-xxiii
A Clinician Looks at the Tearfilm....Pages 1-9
Influence of Gender, Sex Steroid Hormones, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis on the Structure and Function of the Lacrimal Gland....Pages 11-42
Androgen-Regulated Transcription in the Epithelium of the Rat Lacrimal Gland....Pages 43-48
Gene Cloning of BM180, a Lacrimal Gland Enriched Basement Membrane Protein with a Role in Stimulated Secretion....Pages 49-54
Sensory Denervation Leads to Deregulated Protein Synthesis in the Lacrimal Gland....Pages 55-62
Acinar Cell Basal-Lateral Membrane—Endomembrane Traffic May Mediate Interactions with Both T Cells and B Cells....Pages 63-68
Tissue Expression of Tear Lipocalin in Humans....Pages 69-73
The Exorbital Lacrimal Glands of the Rat are Tensed in Situ....Pages 75-80
Aberrant Lacrimal Gland Development in an Anophthalmic Mutant Strain of Rat....Pages 81-84
Hormonal Influences on Syrian Hamster Lacrimal Gland....Pages 85-88
Androgen Support of Lacrimal Gland Function in the Female Rabbit....Pages 89-93
Identification and Hormonal Control of Sex Steroid Receptors in the Eye....Pages 95-100
Dinucleotide Repeat Polymorphism Near the Tear Lipocalin Gene....Pages 101-103
Studies of Ligand Binding and CD Analysis with Apo- and Holo-Tear Lipocalins....Pages 105-112
Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Cholinergic and α 1 -Adrenergic Agonists in the Lacrimal Gland....Pages 113-121
Calcium Signalling in Lacrimal Acinar Cells....Pages 123-128
Voltage- and Ca 2+ -Dependent Chloride Current Activated by Hyposmotic and Hyperosmotic Stress in Rabbit Superior Lacrimal Acinar Cells....Pages 129-132
G Protein Coupling of Receptor Activation to Lacrimal Secretion....Pages 133-138
Microtubules and Intracellular Traffic of Secretory Proteins in Rat Extraorbital Lacrimal Glands....Pages 139-144
Effects of Neuropeptides on Serotonin Release and Protein and Peroxidase Secretion in the Isolated Rat Lacrimal Gland....Pages 145-151
Analysis of Phosphodiesterase Isoenzymes in the Ocular Glands of the Rabbit....Pages 153-156
Immunohistochemistry and Secretory Effects of Leucine Enkephalin in the Isolated Pig Lacrimal Gland....Pages 157-161
Interaction between Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the Isolated Rat Lacrimal Gland....Pages 163-167
Identification and Cellular Localization of the Components of the VIP Signaling Pathway in the Lacrimal Gland....Pages 169-176
Kinesin Activation Drives the Retrieval of Secretory Membranes Following Secretion in Rabbit Lacrimal Acinar Cells....Pages 177-180
Protein Kinase C Isoforms Differentially Control Lacrimal Gland Functions....Pages 181-186
Role of Protein Kinases in Regulation of Apical Secretion and Basal-Lateral Membrane Recycling Traffic in Reconstituted Rabbit Lacrimal Gland Acini....Pages 187-190
Brefeldin a Detoxification in Rat Extraorbital Lacrimal Glands....Pages 191-195
Identification and Characterization of G Proteins in the Mammalian Lacrimal Gland....Pages 197-203
Inward-Rectifying Potassium Channels in the Rabbit Superior Lacrimal Gland....Pages 205-208
Electrophysiological Evidence for Reduced Water Flow from Lacrimal Gland Acinar Epithelium of NZB/NFW F1 Mice....Pages 209-219
Cellular Origin of Mucins of the Ocular Surface Tear Film....Pages 221-227
Soluble Mucin and the Physical Properties of Tears....Pages 229-234
Characterization and Origin of Major High-Molecular-Weight Tear Sialoglycoproteins....Pages 235-238
Detection and Quantification of Conjunctival Mucins....Pages 239-246
Mucous Contribution to Rat Tear-Film Thickness Measured with a Microelectrode Technique....Pages 247-252
Structural Analysis of Secreted Ocular Mucins in Canine Dry Eye....Pages 253-263
Corneal Epithelial Tight Junctions and the Localization of Surface Mucin....Pages 265-271
Breakup and Dewetting of the Corneal Mucus Layer....Pages 273-280
The Meibomian Glands and Tear Film Lipids....Pages 281-295
Tear Film Interferometry as a Diagnostic Tool for Evaluating Normal and Dry-Eye Tear Film....Pages 297-303
Human and Rabbit Lipid Layer and Interference Pattern Observations....Pages 305-308
Abnormal Lipid Layers....Pages 309-313
Association of Tear Lipid Layer Interference Patterns with Superficial Punctate Keratopathy....Pages 315-317
Meibomian Secretions in Chronic Blepharitis....Pages 319-326
Androgen Regulation of the Meibomian Gland....Pages 327-331
Delivery of Meibominn Oil Using the Clinical Meibometer®....Pages 333-338
Volume of the Human and Rabbit Meibomian Gland System....Pages 339-343
Effect of Meibomian Gland Occlusion on Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness....Pages 345-348
Meibomian Gland Lipids, Evaporation, and Tear Film Stability....Pages 349-360
Surface-Chemical Pathways of the Tear Film Breakup....Pages 361-370
The Biophysical Role in Tear Regulation....Pages 371-380
Longitudinal Analysis of Precorneal Tear Film Rupture Patterns....Pages 381-389
The Role of Tear Proteins in Tear Film Stability in the Dry Eye Patient and in the Rabbit....Pages 391-400
Relationship Between Pre-Ocular Tear Film Structure and Stability....Pages 401-405
Association of Precorneal and Preconjunctival Tear Film....Pages 407-410
Age and Gender Effects on the Normal Tear Film....Pages 411-415
The Kinetics of Lid Motion and its Effects on the Tear Film....Pages 417-424
Hydrodynamics of Meniscus-Induced Thinning of the Tear Film....Pages 425-431
Computer-Assisted Calculation of Exposed Area of the Human Eye....Pages 433-439
Cytokines....Pages 441-446
Gender- and Androgen-Related Impact on the Expression of Proto-Oncogenes and Apoptotic Factors in Lacrimal and Salivary Glands of Mouse Models of Sjögren’s Syndrome....Pages 447-452
Apoptosis in the Lacrimal Gland and Conjunctiva of Dry Eye Dogs....Pages 453-460
Cytokines and Tear Function in Ocular Surface Disease....Pages 461-469
Chemokine Production in Conjunctival Epithelial Cells....Pages 471-478
Molecular Basis and Role of Differential Cytokine Production in T Helper Cell Subsets in Immunologic Disease....Pages 479-484
Presence and Testosterone Influence on the Levels of Anti- and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Lacrimal Tissues of a Mouse Model of Sjögren’s Syndrome....Pages 485-491
Infiltrating Lymphocyte Populations and Cytokine Production in the Salivary and Lacrimal Glands of Autoimmune NOD Mice....Pages 493-497
Do Cytokines Have a Role in the Regulation of Lacrimal Gland Acinar Cell Ion Transport and Protein Secretion?....Pages 499-503
The Rat Exorbital Lacrimal Gland as a Site of Synthesis of EGF-Like Growth Factors....Pages 505-510
The Distribution of FGF-2 and TGF-β Within the Lacrimal Gland of Rabbits....Pages 511-514
Tear Fluid Changes after Photorefractive Keratectomy....Pages 515-521
Time Course of Apoptosis in Lacrimal Gland after Rabbit Ovariectomy....Pages 523-526
Co-Expression of BCL-2 and CD44S in Basal Layers of Human Ocular Surface Epithelia....Pages 527-531
Alterations of Ocular Surface Gene Expression in Sjögren’s Syndrome....Pages 533-536
Growth Factor Interaction with Contact Lenses: Evidence for and Possible Effects of Storage of Basic FGF in Contact Lenses....Pages 537-540
Neural, Endocrine, and Immune System Interactions....Pages 541-549
Inductive Sites for Rat Tear IgA Antibody Responses....Pages 551-556
Anatomy of Mammalian Conjunctival Lymphoepithelium....Pages 557-565
Binding of a Cytopathic or an Invasive Strain of p. Aeruginosa to Cytoskeletal, Basement Membrane, or Matrix Proteins of Wounded Cornea is Similar and does not Rely on Interaction with Actin Filaments....Pages 567-574
Secretory IgA Responses on the Human Ocular Surface....Pages 575-581
A Method to Study Induction of Autoimmunity in Vitro: Co-Culture of Lacrimal Cells and Autologous Immune System Cells....Pages 583-589
Rat Lacrimal Glands Contain Activated and Resting Mature T Cells, Recent Thymic Emigrants, and Possibly Extrathymic Populations....Pages 591-598
Immunohistochemical Examination of Lacrimal Gland Tissue from Patients with Ocular Sarcoidosis....Pages 599-602
Immunoglobulin Levels in the Tears of Patients with Corneal Grafts and Transplant Rejection....Pages 603-609
Tear Fluid Influence on the Ocular Surface....Pages 611-617
Effects of Lacrimal Gland Removal on Squirrel Monkey Cornea....Pages 619-624
Lacrimal Gland Growth Factors and Receptors: Lacrimal Fibroblastic Cells are a Source of Tear HGF....Pages 625-628
Clusterin may be Essential for Maintaining Ocular Surface Epithelium as a Non-Keratinizing Epithelium....Pages 629-635
Effects of Chronic Hypertonic Stress on Regulatory Volume Increase and Na-K-2Cl Cotransporter Expression in Cultured Corneal Epithelial Cells....Pages 637-642
A Unified Theory of the Role of the Ocular Surface in Dry Eye....Pages 643-651
Human Tear Film Components Bind Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ....Pages 653-658
Small-Volume Analysis of Rabbit Tears and Effects of a Corneal Wound on Tear Protein Spectra....Pages 659-664
31–27 kDa Caseinolytic Protease in Human Tears....Pages 665-667
Tear Protein Levels Following Punctal Plugging....Pages 669-674
Characterization of Cells Shed from the Ocular Surface in Normal Eyes....Pages 675-681
Healing Effect of Sodium-Sucrose-Octasulfate and EGF on Epithelial Corneal Abrasions in Rabbits....Pages 683-686
A Novel Approach to Resolve Cellular Volume Responses to an Anisotonic Challenge....Pages 687-692
Classification of Artificial Tears....Pages 693-704
Classification of Artificial Tears....Pages 705-715
The Ocular Surface, the Tear Film, and the Wettability of Contact Lenses....Pages 717-722
Conjunctival Permeability and Ultrastructure....Pages 723-730
Preservative Effect on Epithelial Barrier Function Measured with a Novel Technique....Pages 731-735
Video Biomicroscopy of the Tear Film....Pages 737-743
Patient-Dependent and Material-Dependent Factors in Contact Lens Deposition Processes....Pages 745-751
Effectiveness of Bion Tears, Cellufresh, Aquasite, and Refresh Plus for Moderate to Severe Dry Eye....Pages 753-760
Ocular Residence Time of Carboxymethylcellulose Solutions....Pages 761-767
Vitronectin Adsorption in Contact Lens Surfaces During Wear....Pages 769-773
Effect of Tears and Tear Residues on Worn Etafilcon and Polymacon Disposable Contact Lenses on the Adhesion of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ....Pages 775-784
Hyaluronan in Dry Eye and Contact Lens Wearers....Pages 785-790
Epidemiology and Classification of Dry Eye....Pages 791-803
Candees....Pages 805-806
Sensitivity and Specificity of a Screening Questionnaire for Dry Eye....Pages 807-820
Use of a Questionnaire for the Diagnosis of Tear Film-Related Ocular Surface Disease....Pages 821-825
Importance of Conjunctival Epithelial Evaluation in the Diagnostic Differentiation of Dry Eye from Drug-Induced Epithelial Keratopathy....Pages 827-830
The Size of Corneal Epithelial Cells Collected by Contact Lens Cytology from Dry Eyes....Pages 831-834
Optimum Dry Eye Classification Using Questionnaire Responses....Pages 835-838
Diagnostic Value of Tear Film Abnormalities in A New Syndrome Affecting the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems....Pages 839-843
Low-Tech Detection of Tear Film-Related Diseases of the Ocular Surface....Pages 845-851
Using LIPCOF (Lid-Parallel Conjunctival Fold) for Assessing the Degree of Dry Eye, It is Essential to Observe the Exact Position of That Specific Fold....Pages 853-858
Use of the Tearscope Plus and Attachments in the Routine Examination of the Marginal Dry Eye Contact Lens Patient....Pages 859-867
Evaluation of Schirmer Tests by Two Types of Tear Clearance Tests....Pages 869-873
Fluorescein Dye Concentration as a Factor in Tear Film Fluorescence....Pages 875-878
A New Method for Measuring Human Basic Tear Fluid Osmolality....Pages 879-882
Micropachometric Quantification of Tear Assessment Tests....Pages 883-886
Use of Corneal Thickness Changes to Compare the Efficacy of Conventional Eye Drops with Supracutaneous Treatment of Dry Eye....Pages 887-889
Sjögren’s Syndrome....Pages 891-902
Reflex Tearing in Dry Eye Not Associated with Sjögren’s Syndrome....Pages 903-907
Cytokine mRNA Expression in Labial Salivary Glands and Cytokine Secretion in Parotid Saliva in Sjögren’s Syndrome....Pages 909-915
Age-Related Decrease in Innervation Density of the Lacrimal Gland in Mouse Models of Sjögren’s Syndrome....Pages 917-923
Aberrant Expression and Potential Function for Parotid Secretory Protein (PSP) in the NOD (Non-Obese Diabetic) Mouse....Pages 925-930
Survey of Canine Tear Deficiency in Veterinary Practice....Pages 931-939
Lacrimation and Salivation are Not Related to Lymphocytic Infiltration in Lacrimal and Salivary Glands in MRL lpr/lpr Mice....Pages 941-948
The Sjögren Syndrome and Tear Function Profile....Pages 949-952
Cytokines may Prove Useful in the Treatment of Sjögrens Syndrome (SS) Dry Eye....Pages 953-958
The Now and Future Therapy of the Non-Sjögren’s Dry Eye....Pages 959-964
Dry Eye Treatment with Eye Drops that Stimulate Mucin Production....Pages 965-968
A Dose-Ranging Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion in Patients with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca....Pages 969-972
Oral Pilocarpine for Symptomatic Relief of Dry Mouth and Dry Eyes in Patients with Sjögrens Syndrome....Pages 973-978
Oral Pilocarpine for Symptomatic Relief of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome....Pages 979-983
Supracutaneous Treatment of Dry Eye Patients with Calcium Carbonate....Pages 985-990
Preclinical Safety Studies of Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion....Pages 991-995
Conjunctival Impression Cytology from Dogs with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca....Pages 997-1000
Cyclosporine Distribution into the Conjunctiva, Cornea, Lacrimal Gland, and Systemic Blood Following Topical Dosing of Cyclosporine to Rabbit, Dog, and Human Eyes....Pages 1001-1004
Estrogen Therapy in Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca....Pages 1005-1009
Dry Eye Treatment with Acupuncture....Pages 1011-1016
Punctal Occlusion for the Treatment of Dry Eye....Pages 1017-1020
Keratoprosthesis in Pemphigoid and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome....Pages 1021-1025
Portable Device for Programmable, Automatic, or On-Demand Delivery of Artificial Tears....Pages 1027-1032
Back Matter....Pages 1033-1051