Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry, 9th Edition

COVER......Page 1
TITLE PAGE......Page 5
COPYRIGHT......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 7
PHOTO CREDITS......Page 11
CONTENTS......Page 13
LABORATORY SAFETY AND GUIDELINES......Page 15
LABORATORY DATA......Page 19
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES......Page 25
LABORATORY ASSIGNMENT......Page 49
Dry Lab 1 The Laboratory and SI......Page 51
Experiment 1 Basic Laboratory Operations......Page 59
Experiment 2 Identification of a Compound: Chemical Properties......Page 67
Experiment 3 Water Analysis: Solids......Page 75
Experiment 4 Paper Chromatography......Page 83
Experiment 5 Percent Water in a Hydrated Salt......Page 93
Dry Lab 2A Inorganic Nomenclature I. Oxidation Numbers......Page 99
Dry Lab 2B Inorganic Nomenclature II. Binary Compounds......Page 102
Dry Lab 2C Inorganic Nomenclature III. Ternary Compounds......Page 106
Experiment 6 Acids, Bases, and Salts......Page 111
Experiment 7 Empirical Formulas......Page 123
Experiment 8 Limiting Reactant......Page 131
Experiment 9 A Volumetric Analysis......Page 141
Experiment 10 Vinegar Analysis......Page 151
Experiment 11 Periodic Table and Periodic Law......Page 157
Dry Lab 3 Atomic and Molecular Structure......Page 169
Experiment 12 Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid......Page 181
Experiment 13 A Carbonate Analysis; Molar Volume of Carbon Dioxide......Page 189
Experiment 14 Molar Mass of a Solid......Page 197
Experiment 15 Synthesis of Potassium Alum......Page 207
Experiment 16 LeChâtelier’s Principle; Buffers......Page 215
Experiment 17 Antacid Analysis......Page 227
Experiment 18 Potentiometric Analyses......Page 235
Experiment 19 Aspirin Synthesis and Analysis......Page 245
Experiment 20 Alkalinity of a Water Resource......Page 253
Experiment 21 Hard Water Analysis......Page 263
Experiment 22 Molar Solubility, Common-Ion Effect......Page 271
Experiment 23 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates......Page 279
Experiment 24 A Rate Law and Activation Energy......Page 289
Experiment 25 Calorimetry......Page 301
Experiment 26 Thermodynamics of the Dissolution of Borax......Page 313
Experiment 27 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions......Page 323
Experiment 28 Chemistry of Copper......Page 331
Experiment 29 Bleach Analysis......Page 339
Experiment 30 Vitamin C Analysis......Page 349
Experiment 31 Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Natural Waters......Page 357
Experiment 32 Galvanic Cells, the Nernst Equation......Page 365
Experiment 33 Electrolytic Cells, Avogadro’s Number......Page 377
Experiment 34 An Equilibrium Constant......Page 385
Experiment 35 Spectrophotometric Metal Ion Analysis......Page 397
Experiment 36 Transition Metal Complexes......Page 405
Dry Lab 4 Preface to Qualitative Analysis......Page 417
Experiment 37 Qual: Common Anions......Page 421
Experiment 38 Qual I. Na+, K+, NH₄+, Mg²+, Ca²+, Cu²+......Page 431
Experiment 39 Qual II. Nl²+, Fe³+, Al³+, Zn²+......Page 441
Appendix A: Conversion Factors......Page 449
Appendix B: Treatment of Data......Page 450
Appendix C: Graphing Data......Page 454
Appendix D: Familiar Names of Common Chemicals......Page 457
Appendix E: Vapor Pressure of Water......Page 459
Appendix F: Concentrations of Acids and Bases......Page 460
Appendix G: Water Solubility of Inorganic Salts......Page 461