Kozier and Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice (Global Edition)

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Features of the Eleventh Edition
Contents
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
Thank You
Preface
Unit 1: The Nature of Nursing
	Chapter 1: Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice
		Introduction
		Historical Perspectives
			Women's Roles
			Men's Roles
			Religion
			War
			Societal Attitudes
			Nursing Leaders
		Nursing Education
			Types of Education Programs
			Nursing Theories
			Continuing Education
		Contemporary Nursing Practice
			Definitions of Nursing
			Recipients of Nursing
			Scope of Nursing
			Settings for Nursing
			Nurse Practice Acts
			Standards of Nursing Practice
		Roles and Functions of the Nurse
			Caregiver
			Communicator
			Teacher
			Client Advocate
			Counselor
			Change Agent
			Leader
			Manager
			Case Manager
			Research Consumer
			Expanded Career Roles
		Criteria of a Profession
			Specialized Education
			Body of Knowledge
			Service Orientation
			Ongoing Research
			Code of Ethics
			Autonomy
			Professional Organization
		Professional Identity Formation
		Factors Influencing Contemporary Nursing Practice
			Nursing Workforce Issues and Challenges
			Healthcare System Reform
			Quality and Safety in Healthcare
			Consumer Demands
			Family Structure
			Science and Technology
			Internet, Telehealth, and Telenursing
			Legislation
			Collective Bargaining
			Nursing Associations
		Nursing Organizations
	Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Practice and Research in Nursing
		Introduction
		Evidence-Based Practice
		Nursing Research
			Approaches to Nursing Research
			Overview of the Research Process
			Research-Related Roles and Responsibilities for Nurses
	Chapter 3: Legal Aspects of Nursing
		Introduction
		General Legal Concepts
			Functions of the Law in Nursing
			Sources of Law
			Types of Laws
			Kinds of Legal Actions
			The Civil Judicial Process
			Nurses as Witnesses
		Regulation of Nursing Practice
			Nurse Practice Acts
			Credentialing
			Standards of Care
		Contractual Arrangements in Nursing
			Legal Roles of Nurses
			Collective Bargaining
		Selected Legal Aspects of Nursing Practice
			Informed Consent
			Delegation
			Violence, Abuse, and Neglect
			Discrimination
			Controlled Substances
			Substance Use Disorder in Nursing
			Sexual Harassment
			Abortions
			Death and Related Issues
		Areas of Potential Liability in Nursing
			Crimes and Torts
			Privacy of Clients' Health Information
			Social Media
			Loss of Client Property
			Unprofessional Conduct
		Legal Protections in Nursing Practice
			Good Samaritan Acts
			Professional Liability Insurance
			Carrying Out a Physician's Orders
			Providing Competent Nursing Care
			Documentation
			The Incident Report
		Reporting Crimes, Torts, and Unsafe Practices
		Legal Responsibilities of Students
	Chapter 4: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy
		Introduction
		Values
			Values Transmission
			Values Clarification
		Ethics and Morality
			Moral Development
			Moral Frameworks
			Moral Principles
		Nursing Ethics
			Nursing Codes of Ethics
			Origins of Ethical Problems in Nursing
			Making Ethical Decisions
			Strategies to Enhance Ethical Decisions and Practice
		Specific Ethical Issues
			AIDS
			Abortion
			Organ and Tissue Transplantation
			End-of-Life Issues
			Allocation of Scarce Health Resources
			Management of Personal Health Information
		Advocacy
			The Advocate's Role
Unit 2: Contemporary Healthcare
	Chapter 5: Healthcare Delivery Systems
		Introduction
		Types of Healthcare Services
			Primary Prevention: Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
			Secondary Prevention: Diagnosis and Treatment
			Tertiary Prevention: Rehabilitation, Health Restoration, and Palliative Care
		Types of Healthcare Agencies and Services
			Public Health
			Physicians' Offices
			Ambulatory Care Centers
			Occupational Health Clinics
			Hospitals
			Subacute Care Facilities
			Extended (Long-Term) Care Facilities
			Retirement and Assisted Living Centers
			Rehabilitation Centers
			Home Healthcare Agencies
			Day Care Centers
			Rural Care
			Hospice Services
			Crisis Centers
			Mutual Support and Self-Help Groups
		Providers of Healthcare
			Nurse
			Alternative (Complementary) Care Provider
			Assistive Personnel
			Case Manager
			Dentist
			Dietitian or Nutritionist
			Emergency Medical Personnel
			Occupational Therapist
			Paramedical Technologist
			Pharmacist
			Physical Therapist
			Physician
			Physician Assistant
			Podiatrist
			Respiratory Therapist
			Social Worker
			Spiritual Support Personnel
		Factors Affecting Healthcare Delivery
			Increasing Number of Older Adults
			Advances in Technology
			Economics
			Women's Health
			Uneven Distribution of Services
			Access to Health Insurance
			The Homeless and the Poor
			Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
			Demographic Changes
		Frameworks for Care
			Managed Care
			Case Management
			Differentiated Practice
			Case Method
			Functional Method
			Team Nursing
			Primary Nursing
		Financing Healthcare
			Payment Sources in the United States
			Insurance Plans
	Chapter 6: Community Nursing and Care Continuity
		Introduction
		The Movement of Healthcare to the Community
			Primary Healthcare and Primary Care
		Community-Based Healthcare
		Community Health
			Community-Based Frameworks
			Community-Based Settings
		Community-Based Nursing
			Competencies Required for Community-Based Care
			Collaborative Healthcare
		Continuity of Care
			Care Across the Lifespan
			Discharge Planning
			Preparing Clients to Go Home
			Medication Reconciliation
			Home Healthcare Teaching
			Referrals
	Chapter 7: Home Health Nursing Care
		Introduction
		Home Health Nursing Care
			Unique Aspects of Home Health Nursing Care
		The Home Healthcare System
			Referral Process
			Home Healthcare Agencies
			Private Duty Agencies
			Durable Medical Equipment Companies
			Reimbursement
		Roles of the Home Healthcare Nurse
			Advocate
			Caregiver
			Educator
			Case Manager or Coordinator
		Perspectives of Home Healthcare Clients
		Selected Dimensions of Home Healthcare Nursing
			Client Safety
			Home Healthcare Nurse Safety
			Infection Prevention
			Caregiver Support
		The Practice of Home Health Nursing Care
			Establishing Health Issues
			Planning and Delivering Care
			Resources for Home Healthcare Nursing
		The Future of Home Healthcare
	Chapter 8: Electronic Health Records and Information Technology
		Introduction
		General Concepts
		Computer Systems
			Management Information Systems
			Hospital Information Systems
		Technology in Nursing Education
			Teaching and Learning
			Testing
			Student and Course Record Management
		Technology in Nursing Practice
			Documentation of Client Status and Medical Record Keeping
			Electronic Access to Client Data
			Practice Management
			Specific Applications of Computers in Nursing Practice
		Technology in Nursing Administration
			Human Resources
			Medical Records Management
			Facilities Management
			Budget and Finance
			Quality Improvement and Utilization Review
			Accreditation
			Data Mining
		Technology in Nursing Research
			Problem Identification
			Literature Review
			Research Design
			Data Collection and Analysis
			Research Dissemination
			Research Grants
Unit 3: The Nursing Process
	Chapter 9: Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning
		Introduction
		Purpose of Critical Thinking
		Techniques of Critical Thinking
		Applying Critical Thinking to Nursing Practice
			Problem-Solving
		Attitudes That Foster Critical Thinking
			Independence
			Fair-Mindedness
			Insight into Egocentricity
			Intellectual Humility
			Intellectual Courage to Challenge the Status Quo and Rituals
			Integrity
			Perseverance
			Confidence
			Curiosity
		Components of Clinical Reasoning
			Setting Priorities
			Developing Rationales
			Learning How to Act
			Clinical Reasoning-in-Transition
			Responding to Changes in the Client's Condition
			Reflection
		Integration of Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning
		Concept Mapping
			Concept Mapping and Enhancing Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning
	Chapter 10: Assessing
		Introduction
		Overview of the Nursing Process
			Phases of the Nursing Process
			Characteristics of the Nursing Process
		Assessing
		Collecting Data
			Types of Data
			Sources of Data
			Data Collection Methods
		Organizing Data
			Conceptual Models and Frameworks
			Wellness Models
			Nonnursing Models
		Validating Data
		Documenting Data
	Chapter 11: Diagnosing
		Introduction
		Nursing Diagnoses
			Definitions
			Status of the Nursing Diagnoses
			Components of a Nursing Diagnosis
			Differentiating Nursing Diagnoses from Medical Diagnoses
			Differentiating Nursing Diagnoses from Collaborative Problems
		The Diagnostic Process
			Analyzing Data
			Identifying Health Problems, Risks, and Strengths
			Formulating Diagnostic Statements
			Avoiding Errors in Diagnostic Reasoning
	Chapter 12: Planning
		Introduction
		Types of Planning
			Initial Planning
			Ongoing Planning
			Discharge Planning
		Developing Nursing Care Plans
			Standardized Approaches to Care Planning
			Formats for Nursing Care Plans
			Multidisciplinary (Collaborative) Care Plans
			Guidelines for Writing Nursing Care Plans
		The Planning Process
			Setting Priorities
			Establishing Client Goals or Desired Outcomes
			Selecting Nursing Interventions and Activities
			Writing Individualized Nursing Interventions
			Delegating Implementation
		The Nursing Interventions Classification
	Chapter 13: Implementing and Evaluating
		Introduction
		Implementing
			Relationship of Implementing to Other Nursing Process Phases
			Implementing Skills
			Process of Implementing
		Evaluating
			Relationship of Evaluating to Other Nursing Process Phases
			Process of Evaluating Client Responses
			Evaluating the Quality of Nursing Care
	Chapter 14: Documenting and Reporting
		Introduction
		Ethical and Legal Considerations
			Ensuring Confidentiality of Computer Records
		Purposes of Client Records
			Communication
			Planning Client Care
			Auditing Health Agencies
			Research
			Education
			Reimbursement
			Legal Documentation
			Healthcare Analysis
		Documentation Systems
			Source-Oriented Record
			Problem-Oriented Medical Record
			PIE
			Focus Charting
			Charting by Exception
			Computerized Documentation
			Case Management
		Documenting Nursing Activities
			Admission Nursing Assessment
			Nursing Care Plans
			Kardexes
			Flow Sheets
			Progress Notes
			Nursing Discharge and Referral Summaries
		Long-Term Care Documentation
		Home Care Documentation
		General Guidelines for Recording
			Date and Time
			Timing
			Legibility
			Permanence
		Accepted Terminology
			Correct Spelling
			Signature
			Accuracy
			Sequence
			Appropriateness
			Completeness
			Conciseness
			Legal Prudence
		Reporting
			Change-of-Shift Reports
			Telephone Reports
			Telephone and Verbal Orders
			Care Plan Conference
			Nursing Rounds
Unit 4: Integral Aspects of Nursing
	Chapter 15: Caring
		Introduction
		Professionalization of Caring
			Caring as "Helping the Other Grow"
		Types of Knowledge in Nursing
			Empirical Knowing: The Science of Nursing
			Personal Knowing: The Therapeutic Use of Self
			Ethical Knowing: The Moral Component
			Aesthetic Knowing: The Art of Nursing
			Developing Ways of Knowing
		Nursing Theories of Caring
			Caring, the Human Mode of Being (Roach)
			Theory of Human Care (Watson)
			Theory of Caring (Swanson)
		Caring Encounters
			Knowing the Client
			Nursing Presence
			Empowering the Client
			Compassion
			Competence
		Maintaining Caring Practice
			Caring for Self
			Reflection on Practice
	Chapter 16: Communicating
		Introduction
		Communicating
			The Communication Process
			Modes of Communication
			Factors Influencing the Communication Process
			Therapeutic Communication
			Barriers to Communication
		The Helping Relationship
			Phases of the Helping Relationship
			Developing Helping Relationships
		Communication and the Nursing Process
		Communication Among Health Professionals
			Disruptive Behaviors
			Responding to Disruptive Behaviors
			Nurse and Physician Communication
	Chapter 17: Teaching
		Introduction
		Teaching
			Teaching Clients and Their Families
			Teaching in the Community
			Teaching Health Personnel
		Learning
			Learning Domains
			Learning Theories
			Factors Affecting Learning
		Technology and Health Information
			Online Health Information
			Older Adults and Use of the Internet
			Implications
		Nurse as Educator
	Chapter 18: Leading, Managing, and Delegating
		Introduction
		The Nurse as Leader and Manager
		Leadership
			Leadership Theory
			Effective Leadership
		Management
			Levels of Management
			Management Functions
			Principles of Management
			Skills and Competencies of Nurse Managers
		The Nurse as Delegator
Unit 5: Health Beliefs and Practices
	Chapter 19: Health Promotion
		Introduction
		Individual Health
			Concept of Individuality
			Concept of Holism
			Concept of Homeostasis
			Assessing the Health of Individuals
		Applying Theoretical Frameworks
			Needs Theories
			Developmental Stage Theories
		Healthy People 2020
		Healthy People 2030
		Defining Health Promotion
		Sites for Health Promotion Activities
		Health Promotion Model
			Individual Characteristics and Experiences
			Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect
			Commitment to a Plan of Action
			Immediate Competing Demands and Preferences
			Behavioral Outcome
		Stages of Health Behavior Change
			Precontemplation Stage
			Contemplation Stage
			Preparation Stage
			Action Stage
			Maintenance Stage
			Termination Stage
		The Nurse's Role in Health Promotion
		The Nursing Process and Health Promotion
	Chapter 20: Health, Wellness, and Illness
		Introduction
		Concepts of Health, Wellness, and Well-Being
			Health
			Wellness and Well-Being
		Models of Health and Wellness
			Clinical Model
			Role Performance Model
			Adaptive Model
			Eudaimonistic Model
			Agent–Host–Environment Model
			Health–Illness Scales
		Variables Influencing Health Status, Beliefs, and Behaviors
			Internal Variables
			External Variables
		Health Belief Models
			Health Locus of Control Model
			Rosenstock and Becker's Health Belief Model
		Healthcare Adherence
		Illness and Disease
			Illness Behaviors
			Effects of Illness
	Chapter 21: Culturally Responsive Nursing Care
		Introduction
		Cultural Concepts
		Health Disparities
		Demographics
		Immigration
		Cultural Models of Nursing Care
			American Association of Colleges of Nursing Competencies
			Cultural Competence
			HEALTH Traditions Model
		Providing Culturally Responsive Care
			Health Beliefs and Practices
			Family Patterns
			Communication Style
			Space Orientation
			Time Orientation
			Nutritional Patterns
	Chapter 22: Complementary and Alternative Healing Modalities
		Introduction
		Basic Concepts
			Holism
			Humanism
			Balance
			Spirituality
			Energy
			Healing Environments
		Healing Modalities
			Systematized Healthcare Practices
			Botanical Healing
			Nutritional Therapy
			Manual Healing Methods
			Mind–Body Therapies
			Spiritual Therapy
			Miscellaneous Therapies
Unit 6: Lifespan Development
	Chapter 23: Concepts of Growth and Development
		Introduction
		Factors Influencing Growth and Development
			Genetics
			Temperament
			Family
			Nutrition
			Environment
			Health
			Culture
		Stages of Growth and Development
		Growth and Development Theories
			Biophysical Theory
			Psychosocial Theories
			Temperament Theories
			Attachment Theory
			Cognitive Theory
			Behaviorist Theory
			Social Learning Theories
			Ecologic Systems Theory
			Theories of Moral Development
			Theories of Spiritual Development
		Applying Growth and Development Concepts to Nursing Practice
	Chapter 24: Promoting Health from Conception Through Adolescence
		Introduction
		Conception and Prenatal Development
			Health Promotion
		Neonates and Infants (Birth to 1 Year)
			Physical Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Cognitive Development
			Moral Development
			Health Risks
			Health Assessment and Promotion
		Toddlers (1 to 3 Years)
			Physical Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Cognitive Development
			Moral Development
			Spiritual Development
			Health Risks
			Health Assessment and Promotion
		Preschoolers (4 and 5 Years)
			Physical Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Cognitive Development
			Moral Development
			Spiritual Development
			Health Risks
			Health Assessment and Promotion
		School-Age Children (6 to 12 Years)
			Physical Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Cognitive Development
			Moral Development
			Spiritual Development
			Health Risks
			Health Assessment and Promotion
		Adolescents (12 to 18 Years)
			Physical Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Cognitive Development
			Moral Development
			Spiritual Development
			Health Risks
			Health Assessment and Promotion
	Chapter 25: Promoting Health in Young and Middle-Aged Adults
		Introduction
		Young Adults (20 to 40 Years)
			Physical Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Cognitive Development
			Moral Development
			Spiritual Development
			Health Risks
			Health Assessment and Promotion
		Middle-Aged Adults (40 to 65 Years)
			Physical Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Cognitive Development
			Moral Development
			Spiritual Development
			Health Risks
			Health Assessment and Promotion
	Chapter 26: Promoting Health in Older Adults
		Introduction
		Characteristics of Older Adults in the United States
			Demographics
			Socioeconomic
			Ethnicity
			Health
		Attitudes Toward Aging
			Ageism
			Myths and Stereotypes
		Gerontological Nursing
			Development
			Roles
		Care Settings for Older Adults
			Acute Care Facilities
			Long-Term Care Facilities
			Hospice
			Rehabilitation
			Community
		Physiologic Aging
			Integumentary
			Neuromuscular
			Sensory-Perceptual
			Pulmonary
			Cardiovascular
			Gastrointestinal
			Urinary
			Genitals
			Psychosocial Aging
			Retirement
			Economic Change
			Grandparenting
			Relocation
			Maintaining Independence and Self-Esteem
			Facing Death and Grieving
		Cognitive Abilities and Aging
			Perception
			Cognitive Agility
			Memory
			Learning
		Moral Reasoning
		Spirituality and Aging
		Health Problems
			Injuries
			Chronic Disabling Illness
			Drug Abuse and Misuse
			Alcoholism
			Dementia
			Mistreatment of Older Adults
		Health Assessment and Promotion
	Chapter 27: Promoting Family Health
		Introduction
		Family Health
			Functions of the Family
			Types of Families in Today's Society
		Applying Theoretical Frameworks to Families
			Systems Theory
			Structural–Functional Theory
Unit 7: Assessing Health
	Chapter 28: Vital Signs
		Introduction
		Body Temperature
			Regulation of Body Temperature
			Factors Affecting Body Temperature
			Alterations in Body Temperature
			Assessing Body Temperature
			Skill 28.1 Assessing Body Temperature
		Pulse
			Factors Affecting the Pulse
			Pulse Sites
			Assessing the Pulse
			Skill 28.2 Assessing a Peripheral Pulse
			Apical Pulse Assessment
			Skill 28.3 Assessing an Apical Pulse
			Skill 28.4 Assessing an Apical-Radial Pulse
		Respirations
			Mechanics and Regulation of Breathing
			Assessing Respirations
			Factors Affecting Respirations
			Skill 28.5 Assessing Respirations
		Blood Pressure
			Determinants of Blood Pressure
			Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
			Hypertension
			Hypotension
			Assessing Blood Pressure
			Common Errors in Assessing Blood Pressure
			Skill 28.6 Assessing Blood Pressure
		Oxygen Saturation
			Factors Affecting Oxygen Saturation Readings
			Skill 28.7 Assessing Oxygen Saturation
	Chapter 29: Health Assessment
		Introduction
		Physical Health Assessment
			Preparing the Client
			Preparing the Environment
			Positioning
			Draping
			Instrumentation
			Methods of Examining
		General Survey
			Appearance and Mental Status
			Skill 29.1 Assessing Appearance and Mental Status
			Vital Signs
			Height and Weight
		Integument
			Skin
			Skill 29.2 Assessing the Skin
			Hair
			Skill 29.3 Assessing the Hair
			Nails
			Skill 29.4 Assessing the Nails
		Head
			Skull and Face
			Skill 29.5 Assessing the Skull and Face
			Eyes and Vision
			Skill 29.6 Assessing the Eye Structures and Visual Acuity
			Ears and Hearing
			Skill 29.7 Assessing the Ears and Hearing
			Nose and Sinuses
			Skill 29.8 Assessing the Nose and Sinuses
			Mouth and Oropharynx
			Skill 29.9 Assessing the Mouth and Oropharynx
		Neck
		Thorax and Lungs
			Chest Landmarks
			Skill 29.10 Assessing the Neck
			Chest Shape and Size
			Breath Sounds
			Skill 29.11 Assessing the Thorax and Lungs
		Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Systems
			Heart
			Central Vessels
			Skill 29.12 Assessing the Heart and Central Vessels
			Peripheral Vascular System
			Skill 29.13 Assessing the Peripheral Vascular System
		Breasts and Axillae
			Skill 29.14 Assessing the Breasts and Axillae
		Abdomen
			Skill 29.15 Assessing the Abdomen
		Musculoskeletal System
			Skill 29.16 Assessing the Musculoskeletal System
		Neurologic System
			Mental Status
			Level of Consciousness
			Cranial Nerves
			Reflexes
			Motor Function
			Sensory Function
			Skill 29.17 Assessing the Neurologic System
		Female Genitals and Inguinal Area
			Skill 29.18 Assessing the Female Genitals and Inguinal Area
		Male Genitals and Inguinal Area
			Skill 29.19 Assessing the Male Genitals and Inguinal Area
		Anus
			Skill 29.20 Assessing the Anus
	Chapter 30: Pain Assessment and Management
		Introduction
		The Nature of Pain
			Types of Pain
			Concepts Associated with Pain
		Physiology of Pain
			Nociception
			Pain Management Models and Theories
			Responses to Pain
		Factors Affecting the Pain Experience
			Ethnic and Cultural Values
			Developmental Stage
			Environment and Support People
			Previous Pain Experiences
			Meaning of Pain
			Emotional Responses to Pain
			Skill 30.1 Providing a Back Massage
Unit 8: Integral Components of Client Care
	Chapter 31: Asepsis and Infection Prevention
		Introduction
		Types of Infections
			Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections
		Chain of Infection
			Etiologic Agent
			Reservoir
			Portal of Exit from Reservoir
			Method of Transmission
			Portal of Entry to the Susceptible Host
			Susceptible Host
		Body Defenses Against Infection
			Nonspecific Defenses
			Specific Defenses
		Factors Increasing Susceptibility to Infection
		Nursing Management
			Skill 31.1 Performing Hand Washing
			Skill 31.2 Applying and Removing Personal Protective Equipment (Gloves, Gown, Mask, Eyewear)
			Skill 31.3 Establishing and Maintaining a Sterile Field
			Skill 31.4 Applying and Removing Sterile Gloves (Open Method)
		Evaluating
	Chapter 32: Safety
		Introduction
		Factors Affecting Safety
			Age and Development
			Lifestyle
			Mobility and Health Status
			Sensory–Perceptual Alterations
			Cognitive Awareness
			Emotional State
			Ability to Communicate
			Safety Awareness
			Environmental Factors
		Nursing Management
			Skill 32.1 Using a Bed or Chair Exit Safety Monitoring Device
			Skill 32.2 Implementing Seizure Precautions
			Skill 32.3 Applying Restraints
	Chapter 33: Hygiene
		Introduction
		Hygienic Care
		Skin
		Nursing Management
			Skill 33.1 Bathing an Adult Client
			Skill 33.2 Providing Perineal-Genital Care
		Feet
			Developmental Variations
		Nursing Management
			Skill 33.3 Providing Foot Care
		Nails
		Nursing Management
		Mouth
			Developmental Variations
		Nursing Management
			Skill 33.4 Brushing and Flossing the Teeth
			Skill 33.5 Providing Special Oral Care for the Unconscious or Debilitated Client
		Hair
			Developmental Variations
		Nursing Management
			Skill 33.6 Providing Hair Care
		Eyes
		Nursing Management
		Ears
			Cleaning the Ears
			Care of Hearing Aids
			Skill 33.7 Removing, Cleaning, and Inserting a Hearing Aid
		Nose
		Supporting a Hygienic Environment
			Environment
			Hospital Beds
			Mattresses
			Side Rails
			Footboard or Footboot
			Intravenous Rods
		Making Beds
			Unoccupied Bed
			Skill 33.8 Changing an Unoccupied Bed
			Changing an Occupied Bed
			Skill 33.9 Changing an Occupied Bed
	Chapter 34: Diagnostic Testing
		Introduction
		Diagnostic Testing Phases
			Pretest
			Intratest
			Postest
			Nursing Diagnoses
		Blood Tests
			Complete Blood Count
			Serum Electrolytes
			Serum Osmolality
			Drug Monitoring
			Arterial Blood Gases
			Blood Chemistry
			Metabolic Screening
			Capillary Blood Glucose
			Skill 34.1 Obtaining a Capillary Blood Specimen to Measure Blood Glucose
		Specimen Collection and Testing
			Stool Specimens
			Urine Specimens
			Skill 34.2 Collecting a Urine Specimen for Culture and Sensitivity by Clean Catch
			Sputum Specimens
			Throat Culture
		Visualization Procedures
			Clients with Gastrointestinal Alterations
			Clients with Urinary Alterations
			Clients with Cardiopulmonary Alterations
			Computed Tomography
			Magnetic Resonance Imaging
			Nuclear Imaging Studies
		Aspiration and Biopsy
			Lumbar Puncture
			Abdominal Paracentesis
			Thoracentesis
			Bone Marrow Biopsy
			Liver Biopsy
	Chapter 35: Medication Administration
		Introduction
		Drug Standards
		Legal Aspects of Drug Administration
		Effects of Drugs
		Drug Misuse
		Actions of Drugs on the Body
			Pharmacodynamics
			Pharmacokinetics
		Factors Affecting Medication Action
			Developmental Factors
			Gender
			Genetic and Cultural Factors
			Diet
			Environment
			Psychologic Factors
			Illness and Disease
			Time of Administration
		Medication Orders
			Types of Medication Orders
			Essential Parts of a Medication Order
			Communicating a Medication Order
		Systems of Measurement
			Metric System
			Household System
			Converting Units of Weight and Measure
			Methods of Calculating Dosages
		Routes of Administration
			Oral
			Sublingual
			Buccal
			Parenteral
			Topical
		Routes for Opioid Delivery
			Oral
			Transnasal
			Transdermal
			Transmucosal
			Rectal
			Subcutaneous
			Intramuscular
			Intravenous
			Intraspinal
			Continuous Local Anesthetics
		Administering Medications Safely
			Medication Administration Errors
			Medication Reconciliation
			Medication Dispensing Systems
			Process of Administering Medications
			Developmental Considerations
		Oral Medications
			Skill 35.1 Administering Oral Medications
		Nasogastric and Gastrostomy Medications
		Parenteral Medications
			Equipment
			Preparing Injectable Medications
			Skill 35.2 Preparing Medications from Ampules
			Skill 35.3 Preparing Medications from Vials
			Skill 35.4 Mixing Medications Using One Syringe
			Intradermal Injections
			Skill 35.5 Administering an Intradermal Injection for Skin Tests
			Subcutaneous Injections
			Skill 35.6 Administering a Subcutaneous Injection
			Intramuscular Injections
			Skill 35.7 Administering an Intramuscular Injection
			Intravenous Medications
			Skill 35.8 Administering Intravenous Medications Using IV Push
			Topical Medications
			Skill 35.9 Administering Ophthalmic Instillations
			Skill 35.10 Administering Otic Instillations
			Skill 35.11 Administering Vaginal Instillations
		Inhaled Medications
		Irrigations
	Chapter 36: Skin Integrity and Wound Care
		Introduction
		Skin Integrity
		Types of Wounds
		Pressure Injuries
			Etiology of Pressure Injuries
			Risk Factors
			Stages of Pressure Injuries
			Risk Assessment Tools
		Wound Healing
			Types of Wound Healing
			Phases of Wound Healing
			Types of Wound Exudate
			Complications of Wound Healing
			Factors Affecting Wound Healing
		Nursing Management
			Skill 36.1 Cleaning a Sutured Wound and Dressing a Wound with a Drain
			Skill 36.2 Irrigating a Wound
			Skill 36.3 Obtaining a Wound Drainage Specimen for Culture
	Chapter 37: Perioperative Nursing
		Introduction
		Types of Surgery
			Purpose
			Degree of Urgency
			Degree of Risk
		Preoperative Phase
			Preoperative Consent
		Nursing Management
			Skill 37.1 Teaching Moving, Leg Exercises, Deep Breathing, and Coughing
			Skill 37.2 Applying Antiemboli Stockings
		Intraoperative Phase
			Types of Anesthesia
		Nursing Management
		Postoperative Phase
			Immediate Postanesthetic Phase
			Preparing for Ongoing Care of the Postoperative Client
		Nursing Management
			Skill 37.3 Managing Gastrointestinal Suction
Unit 9: Promoting Psychosocial Health
	Chapter 38: Sensory Perception
		Introduction
		Components of the Sensory Experience
			Arousal Mechanism
		Factors Affecting Sensory Function
			Developmental Stage
			Culture
			Stress
			Medications and Illness
			Lifestyle and Personality
		Sensory Alterations
			Sensory Deprivation
			Sensory Overload
			Sensory Deficits
		Nursing Management
	Chapter 39: Self-Concept
		Introduction
		Self-Concept
		Formation of Self-Concept
		Components of Self-Concept
			Personal Identity
			Body Image
			Role Performance
			Self-Esteem
		Factors That Affect Self-Concept
			Stage of Development
			Family and Culture
			Stressors
			Resources
			History of Success and Failure
			Illness
		Nursing Management
	Chapter 40: Sexuality
		Introduction
		Development of Sexuality
			Birth to 12 Years
			Adolescence
			Young and Middle Adulthood
			Older Adulthood
		Sexual Health
			Components of Sexual Health
		Sexual Expression
			Sexual Orientation
			Gender Identity
			Sexual Practices
		Factors Influencing Sexuality
			Family
			Culture
			Religion
			Personal Expectations and Ethics
		Sexual Response Cycle
		Altered Sexual Function
			Past and Current Factors
			Sexual Desire Disorders
			Sexual Arousal Disorders
			Orgasmic Disorders
			Sexual Pain Disorders
			Problems with Satisfaction
		Nursing Management
	Chapter 41: Spirituality
		Introduction
		Spirituality and Related Concepts Described
			Spiritual Care or Spiritual Nursing Care?
			Spiritual Needs, Spiritual Disruption, Spiritual Health, and Religious Coping
		Spiritual Development
		Spiritual Health and the Nursing Process
		Nursing Management
		Religious Practices That Nurses Should Know
			Holy Days
			Sacred Texts
			Sacred Symbols
			Prayer and Meditation
			Beliefs Affecting Diet
			Beliefs About Illness and Healing
			Beliefs About Dress and Modesty
			Beliefs Related to Birth
			Beliefs Related to Death
		Spiritual Self-Awareness for the Nurse
	Chapter 42: Stress and Coping
		Introduction
		Concept of Stress
			Sources of Stress
			Effects of Stress
		Models of Stress
			Stimulus-Based Models
			Response-Based Models
			Transaction-Based Models
		Indicators of Stress
			Physiologic Indicators
			Psychologic Indicators
			Cognitive Indicators
		Coping
		Nursing Management
	Chapter 43: Loss, Grieving, and Death
		Introduction
		Loss and Grief
			Types and Sources of Loss
			Grief, Bereavement, and Mourning
			Stages of Grieving
			Manifestations of Grief
			Factors Influencing the Loss and Grief Responses
		Nursing Management
		Dying and Death
			Responses to Dying and Death
			Definitions of Death
			Death-Related Religious and Cultural Practices
			Death-Related Legal Issues
		Nursing Management
Unit 10: Promoting Physiologic Health
	Chapter 44: Activity and Exercise
		Introduction
		Normal Movement
			Alignment and Posture
			Joint Mobility
			Balance
			Coordinated Movement
		Factors Affecting Body Alignment and Activity
			Growth and Development
			Nutrition
			Personal Values and Attitudes
			External Factors
			Prescribed Limitations
		Exercise
			Types of Exercise
			Benefits of Exercise
		Effects of Immobility
			Musculoskeletal System
			Cardiovascular System
			Respiratory System
			Metabolism
			Urinary System
			Gastrointestinal System
			Integumentary System
			Psychoneurologic System
		Nursing Management
			Skill 44.1 Moving a Client Up in Bed
			Skill 44.2 Turning a Client to the Lateral or Prone Position in Bed
			Skill 44.3 Logrolling a Client
			Skill 44.4 Assisting a Client to Sit on the Side of the Bed (Dangling)
			Skill 44.5 Transferring Between Bed and Chair
			Skill 44.6 Transferring Between Bed and Stretcher
			Skill 44.7 Assisting a Client to Ambulate
	Chapter 45: Sleep
		Introduction
		Physiology of Sleep
			Circadian Rhythms
			Types of Sleep
			Sleep Cycles
		Functions of Sleep
		Normal Sleep Patterns and Requirements
			Newborns
			Infants
			Toddlers
			Preschoolers
			School-Age Children
			Adolescents
			Older Adults
		Factors Affecting Sleep
			Illness
			Environment
			Lifestyle
			Emotional Stress
			Stimulants and Alcohol
			Diet
			Smoking
			Motivation
			Medications
		Common Sleep Disorders
			Insomnia
			Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
			Parasomnias
		Nursing Management
	Chapter 46: Nutrition
		Introduction
		Essential Nutrients
			Carbohydrates
			Proteins
			Lipids
			Micronutrients
		Energy Balance
			Energy Intake
			Energy Output
		Body Weight and Body Mass Standards
		Factors Affecting Nutrition
			Development
			Sex
			Ethnicity and Culture
			Beliefs About Food
			Personal Preferences
			Religious Practices
			Lifestyle
			Economics
			Medications and Therapy
			Health
			Alcohol Consumption
			Advertising
			Psychologic Factors
		Nutritional Variations Throughout the Lifecycle
			Neonate to 1 Year
			Toddler
			Preschooler
			School-Age Child
			Adolescent
			Young Adult
			Middle-Aged Adult
			Older Adults
		Standards for a Healthy Diet
			Dietary Guidelines for Americans
			Recommended Dietary Intake
			Vegetarian Diets
		Altered Nutrition
		Nursing Management
			Skill 46.1 Inserting a Nasogastric Tube
			Skill 46.2 Administering a Tube Feeding
			Skill 46.3 Administering an Intermittent Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy Feeding
			Skill 46.4 Removing a Nasogastric Tube
	Chapter 47: Urinary Elimination
		Introduction
		Physiology of Urinary Elimination
			Kidneys
			Ureters
			Bladder
			Urethra
			Pelvic Floor
			Urination
		Factors Affecting Voiding
			Developmental Factors
			Psychosocial Factors
			Fluid and Food Intake
			Medications
			Muscle Tone
			Pathologic Conditions
			Surgical and Diagnostic Procedures
		Altered Urine Production
			Polyuria
			Oliguria and Anuria
		Altered Urinary Elimination
			Frequency and Nocturia
			Urgency
			Dysuria
			Enuresis
			Urinary Incontinence
			Urinary Retention
		Nursing Management
			Skill 47.1 Applying an External Urinary Device
			Skill 47.2 Performing Indwelling Urinary Catheterization
			Skill 47.3 Performing Bladder Irrigation
	Chapter 48: Fecal Elimination
		Introduction
		Physiology of Defecation
			Large Intestine
			Rectum and Anal Canal
			Defecation
			Feces
		Factors That Affect Defecation
			Development
			Diet
			Activity
			Psychologic Factors
			Defecation Habits
			Medications
			Diagnostic Procedures
			Anesthesia and Surgery
			Pathologic Conditions
			Pain
		Fecal Elimination Problems
			Constipation
			Diarrhea
			Bowel Incontinence
			Flatulence
		Nursing Management
			Skill 48.1 Administering an Enema
		Bowel Diversion Ostomies
			Permanence
			Anatomic Location
			Surgical Construction of the Stoma
			Ostomy Management
			Skill 48.2 Changing a Bowel Diversion Ostomy Appliance
	Chapter 49: Oxygenation
		Introduction
		Structure and Processes of the Respiratory System
			Structure of the Respiratory System
			Pulmonary Ventilation
			Alveolar Gas Exchange
			Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
			Systemic Diffusion
		Respiratory Regulation
		Factors Affecting Respiratory Function
			Age
			Environment
			Lifestyle
			Health Status
			Medications
			Stress
		Alterations in Respiratory Function
			Conditions Affecting the Airway
			Conditions Affecting Movement of Air
			Conditions Affecting Diffusion
			Conditions Affecting Transport
		Nursing Management
			Skill 49.1 Administering Oxygen by Cannula, Face Mask, or Face Tent
			Skill 49.2 Oral, Oropharyngeal, Nasopharyngeal, and Nasotracheal Suctioning
			Skill 49.3 Suctioning a Tracheostomy or Endotracheal Tube
			Skill 49.4 Providing Tracheostomy Care
	Chapter 50: Circulation
		Introduction
		Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
			The Heart
			Blood Vessels
			Blood
		Lifespan Considerations
		Factors Affecting Cardiovascular Function
			Risk Factors
		Alterations in Cardiovascular Function
			Decreased Cardiac Output
			Impaired Tissue Perfusion
			Blood Alterations
		Nursing Management
			Skill 50.1 Applying Sequential Compression Devices
	Chapter 51: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance
		Introduction
		Body Fluids and Electrolytes
			Distribution of Body Fluids
			Composition of Body Fluid
			Movement of Body Fluids and Electrolytes
			Regulating Body Fluids
			Regulating Electrolytes
		Acid–Base Balance
			Regulation of Acid–Base Balance
		Factors Affecting Body Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Balance
			Age
			Sex and Body Size
			Environmental Temperature
			Lifestyle
		Disturbances in Fluid Volume, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balances
			Fluid Imbalances
			Electrolyte Imbalances
			Acid–Base Imbalances
		Nursing Management
			Skill 51.1 Starting an Intravenous Infusion and Inserting a Short Peripheral Catheter
			Skill 51.2 Monitoring an Intravenous Infusion
			Skill 51.3 Changing an Intravenous Container and Tubing
			Skill 51.4 Discontinuing an Intravenous Infusion and Removing a Short Peripheral Catheter
			Skill 51.5 Changing a Short Peripheral Catheter to an Intermittent Infusion Device
			Skill 51.6 Initiating, Maintaining, and Terminating a Blood Transfusion Using a Y-Set
Appendix A: Answers to Test Your Knowledge
Glossary
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z
Special Features
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index