Kongo Language Course

Cover......Page 1
Foreword......Page 5
Instructions......Page 7
Table of Contents......Page 8
1/1 Pronunciation and spelling......Page 13
Tone-marking......Page 14
1/2 Days of the week; predicate words......Page 17
2/1 Future tense 1 (1st & 2nd sg) ; ee?; elision; subject pronouns and nouns......Page 18
2/2 Negatives......Page 19
2/4 1st and 2nd persons plural......Page 20
2/5 -ko attached to nouns......Page 21
3/1 Nouns as subjects: noun variants; moving high tone; compound nouns; 3rd person sg pronoun and subject prefix......Page 22
3/2 Negatives ctd......Page 23
3/4 Plural nouns; 3rd pl pronoun and subject prefix; kewaa\'u-ko......Page 24
3/5 3rd pl object concords; infinitives as nouns; elision, tone transfer & tone shift......Page 25
4/2 \'I don\'t want\'; TCII verbs with -ko......Page 26
4/4 TCII verbs with object concord......Page 27
4/5 1st and 2nd sg object concords: -NA- & -G-......Page 28
4/7 Negating adjectival concepts......Page 29
Test for Lessons 1-4......Page 30
5/1 Subjunctive, 1st & 2nd persons sg; v6 \'that\'; pitch features of questions......Page 31
5/3 Subjunctive ctd: 3rd person sg; -fwete \'ought\'......Page 32
5/4 Object concord, 3rd person singular, -NG-......Page 33
5/5 Future conditions : avo* + subjunctive; four-syllable contraction rule :......Page 34
5/6 Two present tenses; -anga \'continuative\' suffix......Page 35
6/1 -ina \'be\'; \'where?\' questions; topic nouns; concords and subject prefixes of noun classes 1/2, 3/4, 6,7,9......Page 36
6/3 Classes 9/10; NA consonant clusters; indirect questions......Page 38
6/5 Inceptive or \'not yet\' verb form; issya v6......Page 40
6/6 Present tenses, ctd......Page 41
7/2 More on bridging; -mphe \'also\'......Page 42
7/3 Subject/topic [projnouns; negative of -leenda; ye- \'and, with\'......Page 43
7/5 \'When\' temporal clauses; -mene; noun class object suffixes......Page 44
7/6 \'When\' temporal clauses, ctd......Page 45
8/2 2nd person sg subject prefix variants; notional agreement......Page 47
8/3 Possessive prefixes and stems; \'here is\' presentative......Page 48
8/4 Negative stabilization; -aa-V demonstrative pronouns......Page 49
8/5 Demonstrative adjectives; Classes 5, 11, 13; -t6ma \'do well1......Page 50
8/6 Stable (predicative) adjectival expressions......Page 51
Test for Lessons 5-8......Page 52
9/1 The perfect suffix and present perfect tense......Page 54
9/2 Reconverting perfect forms to the infinitive......Page 55
9/4 Present perfect with 1st sg subject prefix (NA-)......Page 56
9/5 Indirect relative perfect......Page 57
10/1 Relative pronouns; muna-......Page 58
10/3 The -oo-o demonstrative......Page 59
10/4 ye-/yo- \'and, with\'; -ina (ye-) \'have1; class pronouns; possessive prefixes ctd......Page 60
10/5 Answering negative questions; se-; \'for (a time)\'......Page 61
10/6 aweVi? \'how [is it]?\'; noun class prefix variants......Page 62
11/2 \'sometimes\'; -G aanga present tense with infixed object......Page 63
11/3 Object nouns; more on compounds......Page 64
11/4 -G aanga present tense, ctd; the relational extension......Page 65
11/5 -G aanga tense with suffixed object concord; Classes 14,17......Page 66
11/6 -teka \'do first\'; kwa- \'to, by\'......Page 67
12/1 Hortative and imperative; the kwa- emphasizer; strict class agreement......Page 68
12/3 Review......Page 69
12/5 Waawtf-vo \'since\'; -vo as a suffix......Page 70
Test for Lessons 9-12......Page 71
13/2 cfowoo \'no\'; notional agreement......Page 73
13/3 nkkwa \'possessor\'......Page 74
13/5 Comparison ctd; direct relative of perfect; 3rd sg subject prefixes; vakati \'among\'......Page 75
13/6 Comparison ctd; 1st sg subject prefixes; dropping the IV......Page 76
14/1 The passive extension......Page 77
14/2 i- stabilized relatives; double predicates; Classes 1 & 2 subject prefix variation; appositional phrases......Page 78
14/3 Imperative singular; -lenda; vana-vSau......Page 79
14/5 Imperative with following object; stabilized indirect relative......Page 80
14/6 Negative imperative + object noun; perfect suffix ctd: vowel and consonant harmony, and the passive......Page 81
15/2 Imperative ctd: with suffixed object concord; \'all\'......Page 83
15/4 Negative imperative with object concord; nasal deletion......Page 84
15/5 Reduplication; ordinal, \'adjectival\' (appositional) and compound numerals; telling the time......Page 85
15/6 Telling the time, ctd; cardinal and more complex numbers......Page 87
16/1 -kwa? \'how many/much?\'; numerals ctd; present perfect ctd......Page 90
16/2 Numerals ctd......Page 91
16/3 -vwiidi \'possess\'; konso \'each, every\'; Classes 15/6......Page 92
16/4 Relative pronouns ctd......Page 93
16/5 Demonstratives ctd; i- stabilizer with nouns; more on the passive......Page 94
16/6 Inverted relatives; more on the perfect and past perfect; contracted subject prefixes; Class 19 diminutives......Page 95
Test for Lessons 13-16......Page 96
17/1 Relational extension; object suffix on subjunctive; reflexive infix; compounds again......Page 98
17/2 Relational extension ctd: \'what for?\'; Class 2 subject prefixes; strict class (vs. notional) agreement......Page 99
17/3 \'What is like?\'; adjectival expression ctd; yovo \'or\'; Class 1a/2a nouns......Page 100
17/5 \'Lest\'; unfulfilled conditionals (\'if ever\'); nga* ; -adi potential; more on the perfect; miscellaneous points......Page 102
17/6 Relational passive......Page 104
18/1 Further uses of -vwS; muna \'in order to\'; Variants 1 and 2 again......Page 105
18/2 -vwa ctd; Variant 1 without IV; more adjectival expressions......Page 106
18/3 Stabilization of indirect relative ctd; -luta auxiliary; -anga \'continuative\' suffix; relational extension ctd; word order......Page 107
18/4 e \'what about?\'; -lembele \'have failed\'; \'reason for which\'; -anga extension ctd; more on word order; double objects......Page 108
18/5 \'Whose?\'; possessive pronouns; mwisl-/esi-......Page 109
18/6 \'Reason why\' ctd; -lembele and -lembi; \'because of the fact that\'; -kedi(inge) \'was/were1; -koondwa \'be lacking\'; edl \'what\'......Page 110
19/1 Present and past perfect, ctd; further perfect forms......Page 113
19/2 Emphatic past continuous......Page 114
19/3 yevana \'until\'; negative perfect......Page 115
19/4 Emphatic past; iboosl; perfect forms ctd; past perfect ctd; preverbal locatives......Page 116
19/5 kaneele vo \'although; kemu- \'without doing\'......Page 117
20/1 Future tense; with avo* (future condition); nkhete + dependent verb form; question pitch features......Page 118
20/2 | ne | i- \'(such) as\'; -vita & -teka; past narrative......Page 119
20/3 Past narrative tense; consecutive verb......Page 120
20/4 Practice of emphatic past, and preverbal locative......Page 121
20/6 Emphatic Past Tense......Page 122
Test for Lessons 17-20......Page 123
21/1 Stabilization of nouns with i-......Page 125
21/3 Two kinds of stabilization; nouns with stem augments......Page 126
21/4 Nftu: the body; higher numerals; [ y?......Page 127
22/1 Emphatic na; causative extension......Page 133
22/2 -liita \'do more/rather1......Page 134
22/5 Clefted verb; 3rd sg/Class 1 subject prefix variant......Page 135
22/6 kinuma3ha \'in order that1......Page 136
22/7 Present Perfect Indicative......Page 137
23/1 Locatives ctd; plural augment prefixes......Page 138
23/2 \'There is/is not\'; more on negatives......Page 139
23/3 More on the inverted relative......Page 140
23/4 Yaklhu \'so far1 with inceptive form......Page 141
23/5 Reciprocal extension; personal names......Page 142
24/1 Mmokff (conversation)......Page 144
24/2 Angola......Page 146
24/3 Njendelo kuna-Ngola (Journey to Angola)......Page 150
Test for Lessons 21-24......Page 152
Keys to Tests......Page 154
Kongo-English Vocabulary......Page 159
English-Kongo Vocabulary......Page 176
Bibliography......Page 191