Knowledge at Work: Creative Collaboration in the Global Economy

FIGURES......Page 11
TABLES......Page 12
CASE STUDIES......Page 13
PREFACE......Page 16
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 20
CHAPTER 1 KNOWLEDGE WORKERS AND KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 21
KNOWLEDGE WORK IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY......Page 24
WHAT DO KNOWLEDGE WORKERS DO?......Page 26
EXPLICIT AND TACIT KNOWLEDGE......Page 27
WHO OWNS THE KNOWLEDGE?......Page 28
KNOWING AND LEARNING......Page 30
THE INTERPLAY OF KNOWING AND LEARNING......Page 31
KNOWLEDGE WORK AS PRACTICE......Page 32
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PRACTICES......Page 33
TOOLS FOR KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 34
CLOSED VERSUS OPEN PERSPECTIVES......Page 36
The community......Page 37
THE KNOWLEDGE DIAMOND......Page 38
THE CHAPTERS TO FOLLOW......Page 40
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION......Page 41
CHAPTER 2 INDIVIDUAL KNOWLEDGE AT WORK......Page 45
Knowing-how......Page 48
Knowing-why and knowing-how......Page 49
Knowing-how and knowing-whom......Page 50
THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE KNOWLEDGE DIAMOND......Page 51
One individual and another......Page 52
The individual and the community......Page 53
The individual and the organization......Page 55
The individual and the industry......Page 57
KEEPING THE INDIVIDUAL IN VIEW......Page 58
OTHER WAYS OF KNOWING?......Page 60
FREE AGENCY AND TRUST......Page 61
NETWORKS AND SOCIAL CAPITAL......Page 62
TOOLS FOR INDIVIDUALS......Page 64
SUMMARY......Page 65
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION......Page 66
CHAPTER 3 COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE AT WORK......Page 70
THREE DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNITY ACTIVITY......Page 72
Mutual engagement......Page 73
INTERDEPENDENCE AMONG THE DIMENSIONS......Page 74
Shared repertoire and mutual engagement......Page 75
One community and another......Page 76
The community and the organization......Page 77
The community and the industry......Page 78
The community and the individual......Page 80
KEEPING THE COMMUNITY IN VIEW......Page 81
OTHER MEANINGS OF COMMUNITY......Page 82
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNITIES......Page 83
OCCUPATIONAL COMMUNITIES......Page 85
COMMUNITY SOCIAL CAPITAL......Page 86
THE RETURNS ON COMMUNITY SOCIAL CAPITAL......Page 87
COMMUNITY AND INTER-COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 89
TOOLS FOR COMMUNITIES......Page 90
SUMMARY......Page 91
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION......Page 92
CHAPTER 4 ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE AT WORK......Page 95
THE ORGANIZATION’S CORE COMPETENCIES......Page 97
Organizational connections......Page 98
Culture and capabilities......Page 99
Capabilities and connections......Page 100
One organization and another......Page 101
The organization and the individual......Page 103
The organization and the community......Page 104
KEEPING THE ORGANIZATION IN VIEW......Page 106
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN STRATEGIC ALLIANCES......Page 107
EXPLOITATION VERSUS EXPLORATION......Page 110
CODIFICATION VERSUS PERSONALIZATION......Page 111
CLOSED VERSUS OPEN INNOVATION......Page 113
TOOLS FOR ORGANIZATIONS......Page 115
SUMMARY......Page 116
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION......Page 117
CHAPTER 5 INDUSTRY KNOWLEDGE AT WORK......Page 121
Industry recipes......Page 124
Industry milieu and industry recipes......Page 125
Industry recipes and industry system......Page 126
THE INDUSTRY AND THE KNOWLEDGE DIAMOND......Page 127
One industry and another......Page 128
The industry and the individual......Page 129
The industry and the community......Page 131
The industry and the organization......Page 132
INDUSTRY REGIONS AND REGIONAL ADVANTAGE......Page 134
REGIONAL CLOSURE VERSUS BROKERAGE......Page 136
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER BETWEEN INDUSTRIES......Page 137
BUSINESS ECOSYSTEMS......Page 139
TOOLS FOR INDUSTRY......Page 141
SUMMARY......Page 142
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION......Page 143
CHAPTER 6 PROJECTS AND KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 147
THE EVOLUTION OF PROJECT-BASED KNOWLEDGE......Page 150
Selection: between exploration and exploitation......Page 151
Retention: the shift to exploitation......Page 152
PROJECTS AS EPISODES IN KNOWLEDGE WORK 16......Page 153
Low performance, low learning......Page 154
High performance, low learning......Page 156
Low performance, high learning......Page 157
High performance, high learning......Page 158
LEARNING LANDSCAPES AND THEIR BENEFICIARIES......Page 160
ORGANIZATIONS AND PROJECT ORGANIZING......Page 161
PROJECTS, PRACTICE AND “BOUNDARY OBJECTS”......Page 164
TOOLS FOR PROJECT WORK......Page 166
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION......Page 168
CHAPTER 7 VIRTUAL KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 172
VIRTUAL VERSUS PHYSICAL SPACE......Page 175
PROPERTIES OF VIRTUAL COMMUNICATIONS......Page 176
BROKERAGE AND CLOSURE IN VIRTUAL WORK......Page 178
MANAGING VIRTUAL PROJECTS......Page 179
Working with a distant subsidiary......Page 180
Working on a complex project......Page 182
Selecting communications media......Page 183
FACILITATING CROSS-DISCIPLINARY TEAMS......Page 186
OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE COMMUNITIES 27......Page 187
GRID COMPUTING......Page 188
FROM E-BUSINESS TO VIRTUAL PRODUCT TESTING 37......Page 190
TOOLS FOR VIRTUAL KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 192
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION......Page 193
CHAPTER 8 GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE AND LEARNING......Page 197
THE GLOBAL ORGANIZATION......Page 200
Harnessing and exploiting local knowledge......Page 201
Acting locally, thinking globally......Page 202
Born global through international alliances......Page 204
KNOWLEDGE FLOWS IN GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS......Page 206
THE INDIVIDUAL’S ROLE IN GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 207
THE COMMUNITY’S ROLE IN GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 208
INDUSTRY’S ROLE IN GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 209
LOCAL VERSUS GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE......Page 211
ACCESSING GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE WORKERS......Page 213
TOOLS FOR GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 214
SUMMARY......Page 215
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION......Page 216
CHAPTER 9 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN KNOWLEDGE WORK......Page 219
The individual......Page 222
The community......Page 224
The organization......Page 225
The industry......Page 226
A CHANGING GLOBAL CONTEXT......Page 228
Individual–organization conflict......Page 229
Contrasting organizational strategies......Page 230
National initiatives......Page 231
Open knowledge sharing......Page 233
AN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PARADOX......Page 235
TOOLS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY......Page 236
SUMMARY......Page 237
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION......Page 238
CHAPTER 10 PARTICIPATING IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY......Page 242
The organization......Page 245
Interdependencies......Page 246
WHY, HOW AND WITH WHOM WE WORK......Page 247
Alignment......Page 248
Open versus closed positions......Page 250
Making and sustaining connections......Page 251
Collaboration over the web......Page 252
Developing intellectual property......Page 253
PLAYING PARALLEL ROLES......Page 254
A FINAL MESSAGE......Page 255
QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION......Page 256
ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 258
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 259
INDEX......Page 273