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دانلود کتاب Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XIV
دانلود کتاب دامپزشکی فعلی کرک XIV
مشخصات کتاب
Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XIV
ویرایش: [1, 14 ed.]
نویسندگان: John Bonagura. David C. Twedt
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9780721694979
ناشر: Saunders
سال نشر: 2007
تعداد صفحات: [1437]
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 29 Mb
قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 46,000
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XIV به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب دامپزشکی فعلی کرک XIV نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب دامپزشکی فعلی کرک XIV
از اختلالات پزشکی گرفته تا سم شناسی و بیماری های عفونی، این متن شامل به روزترین اطلاعات از کارشناسان برجسته در زمینه دامپزشکی با بیش از 260 فصل جدید است. سی دی همراه شامل اطلاعات مفیدی از جلد قبلی است که همچنان برای تمرین فعلی کاربرد دارد.
توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی
From medical disorders to toxicology to infectious disease, this text includes the most up-to-date information from leading experts in the veterinary field with over 260 new chapters. The companion CD includes helpful information from the previous volume that still applies to current practice.
فهرست مطالب
Front Cover Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XIV Copyright Page Contents CVT XIII Content on Evolve Contributors Contributors to Evolve Consulting Editors Dedication Page Preface Acknowledgments Section I: Critical Care Chapter 1: Shock Clinical Presentation Management Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 2: Acute Pain Management Pain Scoring in Critically Ill Animals Therapy Resources on the Web Chapter 3: Nutrition in Critical Care Rationale for Nutritional Support in Critical Illness Patient Selection Nutritional Assessment Nutritional Plan Calculating Nutritional Requirements Parenteral Nutritional Support Parenteral Nutrition Compounding Parenteral Nutrition Administration Enteral Nutritional Support Monitoring for Complications Pharmacologic Agents in Nutritional Support Future Directions in Critical Care Nutrition References and Suggested Reading Chapter 4: Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapy Pathogenesis of Thrombosis Diagnosis of Hypercoagulability Antiplatelet Drugs Anticoagulants References and Suggested Reading Chapter 5: Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation Basic Life Support Advanced Life Support CPCR Monitoring References and Suggested Reading Chapter 6: Traumatic Brain Injury Pathophysiology Assessment, Diagnostics, and Monitoring Treatment Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 7: Vascular Access Techniques Catheter Selection Catheter Placement Techniques Venous Cutdown Techniques Arterial Cutdown Techniques Maintenance of Venous and Arterial Catheters Catheter Care References and Suggested Reading Chapter 8: Pacing in the Critical Care Setting External Transcutaneous Temporary Pacing Transvenous Temporary Pacing External Pacer Programming Monitoring of Prolonged Temporary Transvenous Pacing References and Suggested Reading Chapter 9: Fluid Therapy Is the Patient Suffering From a Shock Syndrome that Requires immediate fluid administration? Is the Patient Dehydrated? Can the Patient Consume an Adequate Volume of Water to Sustain Normal Fluid Balance? What Type of Fluid Should be Given? By What Route Should Fluids be Given? How Fast May Fluids Be Given? How Much Fluid Should be Given? Monitoring Fluid Therapy When Should Fluid Therapy be Discontinued? References and Suggested Reading Chapter 10: Acid-Base Disorders Stepwise Approach Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders Metabolic Acid-Base Disorders References and Suggested Reading Chapter 11: Colloid Fluid Therapy Fluid Dynamics Basic Colloid Fluid Pharmacology Albumin Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers Dextran 70 Hydroxyethyl Starch Clinical Use References and Suggested Reading Chapter 12: Acute Abdomen: Evaluation and Emergency Treatment Clinical Signs Differential Diagnoses Initial Patient Management Diagnostic Tests Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 13: Drainage Techniques for the Septic Abdomen Indications for PostOperative Drainage Local Peritonitis Generalized Peritonitis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 14: Gastric Dilation-Volvulus Presentation Diagnosis Initial Treatment Surgical Treatment Postoperative Management References and Suggested Reading Chapter 15: Emergency Management of Open Fractures Initial Assessment and Emergency Management Surgical Débridement Fracture Repair Wound Closure References and Suggested Reading Chapter 16: Thoracic Trauma Initial Approach to Patients with Thoracic Trauma Radiographic Assessment of the Animal with Thoracic Trauma Pulmonary Contusions Pneumothorax Diaphragmatic Hernia Flail Chest Suggested Reading Chapter 17: Intravenous Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques Continuous-Rate Infusions for Dogs Continuous-Rate Infusions for Cats Suggested Reading Section II: Toxicologic Diseases Chapter 18: Toxin Toxicologic Diseases References and Suggested Readings Chapter 19: Toxin Exposures and Treatments: A Survey of Practicing Veterinarians Common Exposures Decontamination Hospital Supplies Other Resources Chapter 20: Reporting an Adverse Drug Reaction to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Drug Event Reporting System for Approved Animal Drugs Evaluation of Adverse Drug Event Reports Global Pharmacovigilance Reporting References and Suggested Reading Chapter 21: Sources of Help for Toxicosis Website Resources Chapter 22: Small Animal Poisoning: Additional Considerations Related to Legal Claims References and Suggested Reading Chapter 23: Urban Legends of Toxicology Facts and Fiction Suggested Reading Chapter 24: Toxicosis Treatments Decontamination Specific Antidotes General Therapies References and Suggested Reading Chapter 25: Rodenticide Toxicoses Anticoagulant Rodenticides Bromethalin Strychnine Zinc Phosphide Suggested Reading Chapter 26: Insecticide Toxicoses Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids Amitraz Botanical Oil Extracts Miscellaneous Insecticides (Methoprene, Lufenuron, Fipronil, Imidacloprid, Pyriproxifen, Nitenpyram) References and Suggested Reading Chapter 27: Parasiticide Toxicoses: Avermectins Toxicity of Avermectins and Milbemycins Diagnosis and Therapy of Toxicosis Suggested Reading Chapter 28: Lead Toxicosis in Small Animals Sources of Lead Toxicosis Clinical Signs Laboratory and Radiographic Findings Pathologic Findings Treatment Prognosis Public Health Bibliography Chapter 29: Automotive Toxins Ethylene Glycol Propylene Glycol Diethylene Glycol Petroleum Compounds Methanol References and Suggested Reading Chapter 30: Nicotine Toxicosis Sources of Nicotine Nicotine Toxicity Clinical Nicotine Toxicity Treatment of Nicotine Toxicosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 31: Recently Recognized Animal Toxicants Minoxidil Xylitol Expandable Polyurethane Glue Toxicity Brunfelsia spp. Toxicosis Paintball Toxicosis Grape and Raisin Toxicosis Lily Toxicosis in Cats References and Suggested Reading Chapter 32: Human Drugs of Abuse Amphetamines Cocaine Marijuana Opioids Barbiturates References and Suggested Reading Chapter 33: Toxicology of Veterinary and Human Estrogen and Progesterone Formulations in Dogs Estrogens Progestins Human Estrogen and Estrogen/Progestin Medications References and Suggested Reading Chapter 34: Herbal Hazards Regulations Intoxication Scenarios Active Herbal Constituents Toxicity of Specific Herbs or Other Natural Products Essential Oils Product Adulteration Drug-Herb Interactions Diagnosis of Herbal Intoxication Treatment of Herbal Intoxication References and Suggested Reading Chapter 35: Aflatoxicosis in Dogs Toxicity Toxicokinetics Mechanism of Action Clinical Signs Diagnosis Management References and Suggested Readings Chapter 36: Nephrotoxicants Pathophysiologic Considerations Ethylene Glycol And Diethylene Glycol Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Cholecalciferol Toxic Ornamental Plants Diagnostic Approach to Suspected Nephrotoxicity Reference and Suggested Reading Chapter 37: Food Toxicoses in Small Animals Pet Food Recall Pet Food Regulation Some Issues Relevant to Homemade Pet Foods References and Suggested Reading Section III: Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Chapter 38: Interpretation of Endocrine Diagnostic Test Results for Adrenal and Thyroid Disease Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Stimulation Test Dexamethasone Suppression Testing General Questions Concerning the Diagnosis of Hyperadrenocorticism Canine Hypothyroidism Feline Hyperthyroidism References and Suggested Reading Chapter 39: Medical Treatment of Feline Hyperthyroidism Methimazole Actions, Dosing, and Efficacy Methimazole Side Effects Clinical Monitoring Transdermal Methimazole Administration of Methimazole Before Pertechnetate Scanning or Radioiodine Therapy Management of Hypertension Other Antithyroid Drug Options References and Suggested Reading Chapter 40: Radioiodine for Feline Hyperthyroidism Advantages of Radioiodine for Treatment of Hyperthyroidism Disadvantages of Radioiodine Treatment Mechanism of Action of Radioiodine Treatment Patient Selection and Preparation Before Radioiodine Treatment Estimation of the Radioiodine Dose to Administer Radiation Safety Precautions During the Hospitalization Period Radiation Safety Precautions After Discharge from the Hospital Adverse Effects/Complications Associated With Radioiodine Treatment Follow-up Thyroid Function Testing after Radioactive Iodine Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 41: Hypothyroidism Etiology Signalment Clinical Signs Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism Diagnosis of Thyroiditis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 42: Obesity Prevalence and Risk Factors for Obesity Physiology Diagnosis of Body Condition Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 43: Canine Diabetes Mellitus Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathophysiology Diagnosis and Management Plan Diet, Feeding Schedule, and Excercise Insulin Therapy Complications and Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 44: Feline Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis of Diabetes in Cats Management of Diabetes References and Suggested Reading Chapter 45: Diet and Diabetes Dietary Management of Canine Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Management of Feline Diabetes References and Suggested Reading Chapter 46: Diabetic Monitoring Monitoring in the Hospital Monitoring at Home by the Owner References and Suggested Reading Chapter 47: Complicated Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Nephropathy Diabetic Neuropathy Infection Hepatic Disease Pancreatic Disease Ocular Complications of Diabetes Hypoglycemia Diabetic Ketoacidosis Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Diabetes References and Suggested Reading Chapter 48: Atypical and Subclinical Hyperadrenocorticism Adrenal Steroid Hormone Production in the Adrenal Cortex Clinical Signs of Hyperadrenocorticism Diagnosis of Hyperadrenocorticism Adrenal Steroid Hormone Secretion Patterns in Dogs and Cats Clinical Indications for Adrenal Steroid Hormone Panel Treatment of Atypical Hyperadrenocorticism References and Suggested Reading Chapter 49: Canine Hyperadrenocorticism Treatment of Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism Treatment of Dogs With Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism and Neurologic Signs Treatment of Adrenal-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism References and Suggested Reading Chapter 50: Adrenal Insufficiency in Critical Illness The Role of Cortisol in Health and Disease Adrenal Insufficiency in Humans With Critical Illness Relative Adrenal Insufficiency in Dogs and Cats References and Suggested Reading Chapter 51: Hypoadrenocorticism Etiology Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 52: Idiopathic Feline Hypercalcemia Differential Diagnosis Clinical Presentation Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 53: Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis Clinical Signs Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 54: Canine Hypercalcemia and Primary Hyperparathyroidism Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Approach to Hypercalcemia Signalment, History, and Physical Examination in Dogs with Primary Hyperparathyroidism Clinicopathologic Abnormalities in Dogs with PHP Confirmation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism (Use of Serum Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein Concentrations) Localizing Parathyroid Tissue Causing Hyperparathyroidism Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Posttreatment Care References and Suggested Reading Section IV: Oncology and Hematology Chapter 55: Immunosuppressive Agents Myelotoxic Agents Glucocorticoids Calcineurin Inhibitors Inhibitors of Cytokine and Growth Factor Action Investigational Compounds Combination Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 56: Blood-Typing and Crossmatching Canine Blood Types Canine Blood-Typing Procedure Feline Blood Types Blood-Typing Procedures Blood Crossmatching Test Alternatives to Blood Transfusions References and Suggested Reading Chapter 57: Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Pathophysiology Diagnosis of Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs Therapy for Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Complications of Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs References Chapter 58: Nonregenerative Anemias Evaluation of Nonregenerative Anemias Drug-Induced Hematologic Dyscrasias Hematologic Disorders Secondary to Other Disease Processes Infectious Diseases Nonregenerative Immune-Mediated Anemias/Pure Red Cell Aplasia Aplastic Anemia Myelonecrosis Secondary Myelofibrosis Inflammation Hemophagocytic Syndrome Dysmyelopoiesis Bone Marrow Neoplasia Suggested Reading Chapter 59: Von Willebrand’s Disease and Other Hereditary Coagulopathies von Willebrand’s Disease Hemophilia A Hemophilia B Blood Products for Coagulopathy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 60: Thrombocytopenia Mechanisms of Thrombocytopenia Immune-mediated Thrombocytopenia Infectious Etiologies Associated with Thrombocytopenia Clinical Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia Diagnostic Approach to Infectious or Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia Therapy References Chapter 61: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Diagnosis and Management Pathogenesis Clinical Findings Laboratory Findings Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 62: Platelet Dysfunction Normal Platelet Function Clinical Signs of Platelet Dysfunction Diagnostic Approach Specific Disorders Treatment of Platelet Dysfunction References Chapter 63: Clinical Trials in Veterinary Oncology Trial Designs Phases of Clinical Trials Randomization and Stratification End Points Power Ethical Considerations Practitioner Involvement in Clinical Trials Suggested Reading Chapter 64: Collection of Specimens for Cytology Methods of Cell Collection Slide Preparation Commonly Encountered Problems Suggested Reading Chapter 65: Anticancer Drugs and Protocols: Traditional Drugs Introduction To Chemotherapy Specific Chemotherapeutic Agents Suggested Reading Chapter 66: Anticancer Drugs: New Drugs Ifosfamide (IFEX) Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil, Caelyx) Paclitaxel (Taxol; Generics Also Exist) Docetaxel (Taxotere) Vinorelbine (Navelbine; Generics Also Available) Gemcitabine (Gemzar) References and Suggested Reading Chapter 67: Radiotherapy: Basic Principles and Indications Principles of Radiotherapy Indications for Radiotherapy Specific Tumor Applications Side Effects of Radiotherapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 68: Surgical Oncology Principles Tumor Excision Understanding Tumor Biology Client Communication Tumor Staging Role of Regional Lymph Nodes Palliative Surgery Curative-Intent Resection Histopathology Incomplete Resection and Local Recurrence Adjunctive Radiation Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 69: Canine Soft-Tissue Sarcomas Terminology Incidence and Risk Factors Clinical Features Diagnosis and Clinical Workup Treatment Options Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 70: Canine Hemangiosarcoma Etiology Biologic Behavior and Prognosis Diagnosis and Staging Traditional Therapy Novel Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 71: Feline Vaccine-Associated Sarcomas Clinical Appearance and Behavior Pathogenesis Treatment Prevention Owner Education References and Suggested Reading Chapter 72: Canine Lymphoma Variations on a Theme: the Chop Protocol Diagnosis and Prognosis Genetic Discoveries in Canine Lymphoma References and Suggested Reading Chapter 73: Feline Gastrointestinal Lymphoma Epidemiology Gross Pathologic Findings Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry Clinical Findings Treatment Prognostic Factors References and Suggested Reading Chapter 74: Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia Tumors Implicated in Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Calcium Homeostasis Etiology of Hypercalcemia of malignancy Differential Diagnosis for Hypercalcemia Diagnostic Plan for Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Clinical Consequences of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Management of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Investigational Therapies References and Suggested Reading Chapter 75: Histiocytic Disease Complex Histiocytic Differentiation and Canine Histiocytosis An Overview of Canine Histiocytic Diseases Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma Complex Canine Reactive Histiocytoses Histiocytic Sarcoma Complex Feline Histiocytic Diseases Suggested Reading Chapter 76: Nasal Tumors Pathology and Clinical Presentation Staging and Diagnosis Treatment and Prognosis Future Directions References and Suggested Reading Chapter 77: Pulmonary Neoplasia Lung Pleural Space Mediastinum Heart Major Vessels References Chapter 78: Osteosarcoma Diagnosis Differential Diagnoses Biologic Behavior Client Education and Treatment Options New Developments Palliative Therapies Treating Metastatic Disease References Chapter 79: Mammary Cancer Canine Mammary Tumors Feline Mammary Cancer References and Suggested Reading Chapter 80: Urinary Bladder Cancer Canine Urinary Bladder Tumors Feline Urinary Bladder Tumors References and Suggested Reading Chapter 81: Mast Cell Tumor Biology and Function of Mast Cells Canine Mast Cell Tumors References and Suggested Reading Chapter 82: Malignant Melanoma Biologic Behavior Site Size and Stage Grade and Histologic Parameters Staging Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 83: Anal Sac Tumors History and Clinical Signs Physical Examination Findings Diagnostic Evaluation Biologic Behavior Treatment References and Suggested Reading Section V: Dermatologic Diseases Chapter 84: Cyclosporine Use in Dermatology Introduction and Indications Cyclosporine Formulations Dose and Use of Cyclosporine Cyclosporine Adverse Reactions Monitoring References and Suggested Reading Chapter 85: Interferons Classification Mode of Action Clinical Application of Interferons in Small Animal Dermatology References and Suggested Reading Chapter 86: Avermectins in Dermatology Avermectins in Dermatology Avermectins Milbemycins Common Uses of Avermectins in Veterinary Dermatology References and Suggested Reading Chapter 87: Hypoallergenic Diets: Principles in Therapy Indications and Use of Hypoallergenic Diets Hydrolyzed Protein Diets Home-Cooked Diets Additional Benefits of Hypoallergenic Diets References and Suggested Reading Chapter 88: Pentoxifylline Introduction Properties of Pentoxifylline Pharmacokinetics Adverse Effects of Pentoxifylline Indications for use in Veterinary Dermatology References and Suggested Reading Chapter 89: Glucocorticoids in Veterinary Dermatology What are They? How do they Work? Adverse Effects Contraindications to the Use of Corticosteroids Use of Corticosteroids in Veterinary Dermatology Long-Term Usage of Glucocorticoids References and Suggested Reading Chapter 90: Feline Pruritus Therapy Introduction Specific Treatments Symptomatic Treatments \渀昀漀爀 倀爀甀爀椀琀唀 Nonsteroidal Therapies References and Suggested Reading Chapter 91: Shampoo Therapy Introduction to Shampoo Therapy Shampoos for Allergic Skin Diseases Shampoos for Seborrheic Disorders Shampoos for Infectious Diseases References and Suggested Reading Chapter 92: Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Protocols Adjusting the Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Schedule References and Suggested Reading Chapter 93: Topical Immunomodulators Topical Immunomodulators Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immune-Mediated Diseases Cutaneous Vasculitis Perianal Fistulas Emerging Therapies Other Applications References and Suggested Reading Chapter 94: House Dust Mites and Their Control Importance of House dust mItes In atopIc dermatItIs Isolated Allergens and Methods of detection Control of House Dust Mites in the Home and on Pet References and Suggested Reading Chapter 95: Topical Therapy of Otitis Externa General PropertIes of TopIcal FormulatIons Treatment of InfectIons MaIntenance of ChronIc Recurrent Conditions References and Suggested Reading Chapter 96: Systemic Therapy for Otitis Externa and Media Etiologies of Otitis Externa Otitis Media Management of Otitis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 97: Ear-Flushing Techniques Ear FlushIng Suggested Reading Chapter 98: Feline Demodicosis Demodex Gatoi Demodex Cati Suggested Reading Chapter 99: Feline Viral Skin Disease Feline Herpesvirus-1 Feline CalIcIvIrus Feline Leukemia Virus Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Feline Papillomavirus Feline Cowpox References and Suggested Reading Chapter 100: Canine Papillomaviruses Viral Properties Clinical Features Treatments References and Suggested Reading Chapter 101: Pyotraumatic Dermatitis (“Hot Spots”) Clinical Features Diagnosis Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 102: Methicillin-Resistant Canine Pyoderma Incidence Zoonosis Management and Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 103: Sebaceous Adenitis Clinical Features Diagnosis Treatment and Management References and Suggested Reading Chapter 104: Therapy of Malassezia Infections and Malassezia Hypersensitivity Pathogenesis Clinical Signs Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 105: Treatment of Dermatophytosis Important Points to Remember about Diagnostic Tests Treatment Principles and Options References and Suggested Reading Chapter 106: Nonneoplastic Nodular Histiocytic Diseases of the Skin Cutaneous Xanthoma Foreign Body Reactions Palisading Granuloma Reactive Fibrohistiocytic Nodules Canine Sarcoidosis Suggested Reading Chapter 107: Diseases of the Anal Sac Physical Characteristics Disorders of the Anal Sac References and Suggested Reading Chapter 108: Acral Lick Dermatitis Primary Factors Perpetuating Factors Diagnostic Approach Treatment Other Therapy Canine Acral Lick Dermatitis and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder References and Suggested Reading Section VI: Gastrointestinal Diseases Chapter 109: Feline Caudal Stomatitis Historical and Clinical Signs Oral Examination Diagnostic Evaluation Management References and Suggested Reading Chapter 110: Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Functional Anatomy Physical and Neurologic Examination Diagnostic Testing Treatment Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 111: Esophagitis Pathophysiology Clinical Signs Diagnosis Therapy Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 112: Canine Megaesophagus Functional Anatomy Megaesophagus References and Suggested Reading Chapter 113: Gastric Helicobacter spp. and Chronic Vomiting in Dogs Diagnostic Tests Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 114: Gastric Ulceration Physiology Causes Diagnostic Features Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 115: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Classification Etiopathogenesis Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Monitoring Progression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 116: Tylosin-Responsive Diarrhea Clinical Pharmacology Therapeautic Use Clinical Studies Using Tylosin for Chronic Diarrhea Pathophysiology Diagnostic Protocol for Chronic Diarrhea References and Suggested Reading Chapter 117: Tritrichomonas Signalment and Clinical Findings Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 118: Protein-Losing Enteropathy Causes of Protein-Losing Enteropathies Clinical Signs Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 119: Chronic Colitis Pathophysiology Histopathologic Types of Colitis Differential Diagnosis Clinical Signs and Physical Examination Diagnostic Plan Treatment Nutritional Management Pharmacologic Management Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 120: Canine Ulcerative Colitis Pathophysiology Clinical and Pathologic Features Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 121: Flatulence Production of Intestinal Gas Assessment of Patients With Flatulence Feeding Plans for Patients With Flatulence Carminitives Monitoring Patients With Flatulence References and Suggested Reading Chapter 122: Anal-Rectal Disease Anatomy Anal Disease Rectal Disease References and Suggested Reading Chapter 123: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs Etiopathogenesis Clinical Signs Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 124: Canine Pancreatic Disease Diagnosis Treatment of Severe Pancreatitis Treatment of Mild Pancreatitis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 125: Feline Exocrine Pancreatic Disease Pancreatitis Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Exocrine Pancreatic Neoplasia Pancreatic Bladder Pancreatic Pseudocyst Pancreatic Abscess Pancreatic Parasites References and Suggested Reading Chapter 126: Diagnostic Approach to Hepatobiliary Disease Laboratory Evaluation of Hepatobiliary Disease Diagnostic Imaging in the Evaluation of Hepatobiliary Disease Hepatic Biopsy Acquisition and Interpretation References and Suggested Reading Chapter 127: Evaluation of Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in the Dog Pathophysiology Diagnostic Evaluation References and Suggested Reading Chapter 128: Hepatic Support Therapy Antioxidants Antifibrotics Treatment of Hepatic Disease–Associated Coagulopathy Treatment of Hepatic Disease–Associated Ascites References and Suggested Reading Chapter 129: Copper-Associated Chronic Hepatitis Copper Metabolism Inherited Copper-Associated Chronic Hepatitis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 130: Ursodeoxycholic Acid Therapy Hepatoprotective Actions of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Therapeutic Use of Ursodeoxycholic Acid References and Suggested Reading Chapter 131: Drug-Associated Liver Disease Mechanisms and Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment and Monitoring Suggested Reading Chapter 132: Feline Hepatic Lipidosis Pathophysiology History and Clinical Signs Diagnostics Treatment Monitoring References and Suggested Reading Chapter 133: Feline Inflammatory Liver Disease The Cholangitis Complex Neutrophilic Cholangitis Lymphocytic Cholangitis Cholangitis Associated with Liver Flukes Lymphocytic Portal Hepatitis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 134: Portosystemic Shunts Anatomy Etiology Signalment, History, and Clinical Signs Diagnosis Differential Diagnoses Medical Management of PSS Surgery Postoperative Care References and Suggested Reading Chapter 135: Canine Biliary Mucocele Pathogenesis Diagnostics Treatment Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 136: Esophageal Feeding Tubes Indications Contraindications Technique Advantages Complications Conclusion References and Suggested Reading Section VII: Respiratory Diseases Chapter 137: Oxygen Therapy Basic Principles of Oxygen Delivery and Use Factors that Influence Cellular Oxygen Delivery Indications for Providing Supplemental Oxygen Methods Used to Supply Supplemental Oxygen Determining Supplemental Oxygen Effectiveness Care of Dysoxic Patients not Responding to Supplemental Oxygen Hyperbaric Oxygen: Application in Wounds and Other Dysoxic Conditions References and Suggested Reading Chapter 138: Ventilator Therapy Definition of Respiratory Failure Indications for Mechanical Ventilation Causes of Hypoxemia Causes of Hypercapnia Ventilator Settings Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury Ventilating the Non–Lung-Injured Patient Ventilating the Lung-Injured Patient Cardiovascular Implications of Positive-Pressure Ventilation Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony Maintaining Sedation/Analgesia during Mechanical Ventilation Care and Comfort of the Mechanically Ventilated Patient Weaning from the Ventilator Suggested Reading Chapter 139: Rhinitis in the Dog Diagnosis Treatment of Common Causes of Rhinitis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 140: Rhinitis in the Cat Clinical Findings Diagnosis Therapy Additional Therapy Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 141: Brachycephalic Upper Airway Syndrome in Dogs Stenotic Nares Elongated Soft Palate Everted Laryngeal Saccules Laryngeal Collapse Suggested Reading Chapter 142: Nasopharyngeal Disorders Clinical Signs of Nasopharyngeal Disease Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Disease Surgical Access to the Nasopharynx Specific Nasopharyngeal Diseases and their Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 143: Laryngeal Diseases Laryngeal Paralysis Laryngeal Collapse Laryngeal Masses References and Suggested Reading Chapter 144: Medical Management of Tracheal Collapse Etiology Incidence Clinical Signs Diagnosis Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 145: Medical Management of Tracheal Collapse Patient Selection and Evaluation Rings or Stent? Main-Stem Bronchial Collapse Expectations/Risks: Discussion with Owner Stent Properties Stent Placement Technique General Anesthesia and Patient Preparation Stent Placement Postoperative Care and Follow-Up References and Suggested Reading Chapter 146: Chronic Bronchitis in Dogs Clinical Findings Diagnosis Therapy Additional Therapy Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 147: Bordetella bronchiseptica: Beyond Kennel Cough The Bordetellae References and Suggested Reading Chapter 148: Chronic Bronchitis and Asthma in Cats Diagnosis Pathophysiology Clinical Findings in Feline Bronchitis and Asthma Diagnostic Tests Treatment of Bronchitis and Asthma in Cats References and Suggested Reading Chapter 149: Bacterial Pneumonia Infection of the Lower Airways and Lung Risk Factors Types of Bacteria Diagnosis Treatment Treatment Failure References and Suggested Reading Chapter 150: Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Diagnosis Initial Approach and Management Monitoring the Effectiveness of Therapy Suggested Reading Chapter 151: Respiratory Parasites Nasal Parasites Bronchopulmonary Parasites References and Suggested Reading Chapter 152: Interstitial Lung Diseases Diseases of the Lung Interstitium Diagnosis and Diagnostics Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 153: Pleural Effusion Initial Management of Pleural Effusion Pyothorax Chylothorax Medical Management of Chylothorax Surgical Treatment of Chylothorax Neoplastic Effusion Lung Lobe Torsion Medical Management Surgical Treatment Idiopathic Pleural Effusion References and Suggested Reading Chapter 154: Pneumothorax Traumatic Pneumothorax Spontaneous Pneumothorax References and Suggested Reading Chapter 155: Pulmonary Thromboembolism Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Therapy Prevention References and Suggested Reading Chapter 156: Pulmonary Hypertension Definition Classification and Etiology Clinical Evaluation Therapeutic Management Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Section VIII: Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 157: Nutritional Management of Heart Disease General Nutritional Issues for Animals With Heart Disease Nutritional Modifications Based on Severity of Disease Special Situations References and Suggested Reading Chapter 158: Syncope Is it Syncope? Neurocardiogenic (Vasodepressor) Syncope Etiology of Syncope Diagnosing the Cause of Syncope Treatment Suggested Reading Chapter 159: Systemic Hypertension Overview of Systemic Hypertension in the Population Diagnosis of Systemic Hypertension Therapy of Systemic Hypertension References and Suggested Reading Chapter 160: Permanent Cardiac Pacing in Dogs Conventional Artificial Pacing Advances in Artificial Pacing Assessing Artificial Pacing Needs in Individual Patients References and Suggested Reading Chapter 161: Assessment and Treatment of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias Definitions Assessment of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias Therapy for Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias References and Suggested Reading Chapter 162: Ventricular Arrhythmias in Dogs When Ventricular Arrhythmias Should be Treated Diseases and Circumstances that Demand Treatment Determinants of Route, Medication, and Treatment Dosage Monitoring Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias References and Suggested Reading Chapter 163: Feline Cardiac Arrhythmias Etiology Cardiac Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Management References and Suggested Reading Chapter 164: Cardioversion Indications and Contraindications for Direct Current Cardioversion Cardioversion Procedure Efficacy of Biphasic External Cardioversion in Dogs with Atrial Fibrillation Duration of Sinus Rhythm after Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation Potential Clinical Benefit of Restoring Sinus Rhythm Biphasic External Cardioversion in Dogs with Atrial Flutter Biphasic External Cardioversion in Dogs with Ventricular Tachycardia Safety of External Biphasic Cardioversion References and Suggested Reading Chapter 165: Patent Ductus Arteriosus Diagnosis Therapy Future Developments References and Suggested Reading Chapter 166: Ventricular Septal Defect Pathology and Pathophysiology Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 167: Pulmonic Stenosis Diagnosis Treatment Suggested Reading Chapter 168: Subaortic Stenosis Etiology Pathology Pathophysiology Diagnostic Approach Echocardiograpy Identifying Mild Disease Treatment References and Suggested Readings Chapter 169: Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia Signalment Diagnosis Therapy Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 170: Mitral Valve Dysplasia Pathophysiology Diagnosis Therapy Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 171: Management of Heart failure in Dogs Clinical Pathophysiology of Heart Failure Causes and Classifications of Heart Failure Establishing the Cardiac Diagnosis in Heart Failure Functional Classification of Heart Disease and Failure Framework for Managing Heart Failure in Dogs Drugs Used in the Therapy of Canine Heart Failure Specific Treatment Plans for Canine Heart Failure Complicating Problems in Canine Heart Failure Prognosis in Canine Heart Failure References and Suggested Reading Chapter 172: Chronic valvular Disease in Dogs Etiology, Pathology, and Pathophysiology Evaluation of the Asymptomatic Dog with a Heart Murmur Evaluation of the Dog with Signs of Cardiac Dysfunction Treatment of Chronic Valvular Heart Disease Clinical Complications and Challenges References and Suggested Reading Chapter 173: Infective Endocarditis Predisposing Factors Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 174 :Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs Etiology Clinical Diagnosis Prognosis Therapeutic Considerations References and Suggested Reading Chapter 175 :Cardiomyopathy in Boxer Dogs Diagnosis Screening Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 176: Cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinchers Etiology and Genetics Screening and Early Diagnosis Syncope Sudden Death Treatment Guidelines References and Suggested Reading Chapter 177: Myocarditis Pathophysiology Pathology Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis Management Principles Feline Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy Myocarditis in the Dog References and Suggested Reading Chapter 178 : Management of Feline Myocardial Disease Classification of Myocardial Disease Approach to The Asymptomatic Cat with a Murmur Management of Asymptomatic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Drug Therapy Considerations in Asymptomatic Cats Hypertrophic CardioMyopathy with Dynamic Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Symptomatic Cats with Congestive Heart Failure: Clinical Approach Management of the Symptomatic Cat with Congestive Heart Failure Acute Congestive Heart Failure Low-Output Heart Failure Home Management of Congestive Heart Failure Management of Recurrent or Refractory Congestive Heart Failure Prognosis Arterial (Aortic) Thromboembolism Management of Acute Thromboembolism Prevention of Thromboembolism References and Suggested Reading Chapter 179: Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in cats Overview of Myocardial Disease Incidence Etiology and Pathogenesis Pathophysiology Signalment Clinical Presentation Physical Examination Radiography Electrocardiography Echocardiography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gross Pathology Histopathology Differential Diagnosis Therapy Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 180: Arterial Thromboembolism in cats Diagnosis Prognosis Therapy Prevention References and Suggested Reading Chapter 181: Pericardial Effusion Pathophysiology Presentation Etiology Diagnostic Evaluation of Pericardial Effusion Management of Pericardial Effusion References and Suggested Reading Chapter 182:Feline Heartworm Disease Prevalence in the United States Diagnosis Prevention Therapy Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 183: Canine Heartworm Disease Diagnosis and Staging of Canine Heartworm Disease Adulticide Therapy for Canine Heartworm Disease Heartworm Prevention in Dogs References and Suggested Reading Section IX: Urinary Diseases Chapter 184: Managing the Patient With Polyuria and Polydipsia Normal Physiology Causes of Polyuria and Polydipsia Diagnostic Approach to polyuria and Polydipsia References and Suggested Reading Chapter 185: Interpreting and Managing Crystalluria Crystal Formation Significance of Crystalluria Managing Crystalluria References and Suggested Reading Chapter 186: Diagnostic Approach to Acute Azotemia General Information Diagnostic Plan for Acute Renal Azotemia References and Suggested Reading Chapter 187: Proteinuria: Implications for Management Detection of Proteinuria Detection of Albuminuria Localization of Proteinuria Monitoring Renal Proteinuria Quantitation of Proteinuria Treatment of Renal Proteinuria Supportive Care References and Suggested Reading Chapter 188: Glomerular Disease Nonspecific Management of Glomerular Disease Procurement and Evaluation of the Renal Biopsy Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Membranous Glomerulonephritis or Membranous Nephropathy Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis Amyloidosis Glomerulosclerosis Minimal Change Disease Hereditary Nephritis Follow-up Evaluation References and Suggested Reading Chapter 189: Measuring Glomerular Filtration Rate: Practical Use of Clearance Tests Flaws in Traditional Tests for Renal Function More Sensitive Methods of Assessing Glomerular Filtration Rate References and Suggested Reading Chapter 190: Evidence-Based Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Overview of Evidence-Based Medicine Linkage Between Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease and Treatment Recommendations Conservative Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: Therapeutic Options References and Suggested Reading Chapter 191: Acute Renal Failure Specific Therapy Supportive Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 192: Chronic Kidney Disease: Staging and Management Diagnosis of Kidney Disease Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease Substages of Chronic Kidney Disease Combining Chronic Kidney Disease Stages and Substages Recommendations for Treating Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs and Cats Summary Acknowledgment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 193: Calcitriol Overview of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism Pathophysiology of Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Recommendations for use of Calcitriol in Chronic Kidney Disease References and Suggested Reading Chapter 194: Hemodialysis Principles of Dialysis Dialysis Equipment Anticoagulation Indications for Dialysis Initiating Dialysis Treatment Protocols Complications Outcome References and Suggested Reading Chapter 195: Renal Transplantation Preparation for Renal Transplantation The Transplant Procedure Posttransplantation Issues References and Suggested Reading Chapter 196: Gastrostomy Tube Feeding in Kidney Disease Nutritional Assessment in Chronic Kidney Disease Rationale for Gastrostomy Tube Feeding Gastrostomy Tube Placement Complications of Gastrostomy Tube Feeding Replacement of Gastrostomy Tubes Monitoring and Outcome References and Suggested Reading Chapter 197: Systemic Hypertension in Renal Disease Definition and Significance of Hypertension Pressure Measurement Techniques Treatment of Hypertension Therapeutic Goals and Monitoring References and Suggested Reading Chapter 198: Treatment of Anemia in Renal Failure Etiology of Anemia Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 199: Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection Definitions Pathogenesis of Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Findings Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 200: Multidrug-Resistant Urinary Tract Infection Case Example Diagnostic Approach Therapeutic Approach to Recurrent Infections Summary References and Suggested Reading Chapter 201: Cancer and the Kidney Renomegaly Renal Neoplasia References and Suggested Reading Chapter 202: Management of Feline Ureteroliths Ureterolithiasis Signalment Clinical Signs Clinicopathologic Findings Diagnostic Imaging Medical Management Surgical Management Recurrence References and Suggested Reading Chapter 203: Incomplete Urolith Removal: Prevention, Detection, and Correction Preventing Pseudorecurrence Detecting Pseudorecurrence Correcting Pseudorecurrence References and Suggested Reading Chapter 204: Laser Lithotripsy for Uroliths Equipment Needed for Laser Lithotripsy Laser Lithotripsy Technique Indications for Laser Lithotripsy Advantages of Laser Lithotripsy Contraindications to Laser Lithotripsy Potential Complications of Transurethral Laser Lithotripsy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 205: Management of Feline nonobstructive Idiopathic Cystitis Biologic Behavior Treatment of Idiopathic Cystitis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 206: Urethral Obstruction in Cats Clinical Signs and Diagnosis of Urethral Obstruction Fluid Balance, Tissue Perfusion, and Initial Database Sedation for Urethral Catheterization Instructions for Urethral Catheterization Continued Inpatient Care Long-Term Management References and Suggested Reading Chapter 207: Urinary Incontinence and Micturition Disorders: Pharmacologic Management Pharmacologic Management of Urinary Retention Pharmacologic Management of Urinary Incontinence References and Suggested Reading Chapter 208: Urinary Incontinence: Treatment With Injectable Bulking Agents Etiology Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 209: Interventional Radiology in Urinary Diseases Advantages Equipment Techniques References and Suggested Reading Section X: Reproductive Diseases Chapter 210: Breeding Management of the Bitch Reproductive Physiology The Optimal Time for Breeding Conclusion Suggested Reading Chapter 211: Use of Vaginal Cytology and Vaginal Cultures for Breeding Management and Diagnosis of Reproductive Tract Disease Vaginal Cytology Vaginal Culture Suggested Reading Chapter 212: Endoscopic Transcervical Insemination Anatomy Equipment Technique Practical Considerations References and Suggested Reading Chapter 213: Pregnancy Loss in the Bitch Diagnostics Infectious Causes of Pregnancy Loss Noninfectious Causes of Pregnancy Loss References and Suggested Reading Chapter 214: False Pregnancy in the Bitch Clinical Signs Diagnosis of the Aforementioned Clinical Signs Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 215: Dystocia Management Normal Gestation in the Bitch Normal Labor and Delivery Detecting Abnormalities in Canine Labor The Prepartum Visit Clinical Labor Monitoring Therapeutic Intervention in Dystocia References and Suggested Reading Chapter 216: Canine Postpartum Disorders Hemorrhage Subinvolution of Placental Sites Uterine Prolapse Septic Metritis Agalactia Septic Mastitis Puerperal Tetany References and Suggested Reading Chapter 217: Nutrition in the Bitch During Pregnancy and Lactation Determining Nutrient Requirements Choosing the Appropriate Food Feeding Management References and Suggested Reading Chapter 218: Pyometra Pathogenesis Clinical Findings Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 219: Vaginitis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 220: Surgical Repair of Vaginal Anomalies in the Bitch Surgical Approaches to the Canine Vagina Congenital Abnormalities Acquired Abnormalities Suggested Reading Chapter 221: Early-Age Neutering in the Dog and Cat Scientific Studies Anesthetic and Surgical Techniques and Considerations References and Suggested Reading Chapter 222: Estrus Suppression in the Bitch Steroid Contraceptive Mechanism of Action Side Effects of Contraceptive Steroids Progestin Products and Applications Androgen Products Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone–Agonist Implants The Future of Small Animal Contraception References and Suggested Reading Chapter 223: Canine Pregnancy Termination Drugs Used During Estrus Drugs Used During Confirmed Pregnancy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 224: Inherited Disorders of the Reproductive Tract in Dogs and Cats Normal Sexual Development Diagnosis of Disorders of Sexual Development References and Suggested Reading Chapter 225: Ovarian Remnant Syndrome in Cats References and Suggested Reading Chapter 226: Pregnancy Loss in the Queen Pregnancy Loss Diagnosis and Treatment of Disorders Associated With Pregnancy Loss Therapy and Management References and Suggested Reading Chapter 227: Medical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy and Prostatitis in Dogs Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy Prostatitis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 228: Aspermia/Oligozoospermia Caused by Retrograde Ejaculation in the Dog Antegrade Ejaculation References and Suggested Reading Chapter 229: Intermittent Erection of the Penis in Castrated Male Dogs References and Suggested Reading Chapter 230: Methods and Availability of Tests for Hereditary Disorders of Dogs Scientific Basis of the Tests Biochemical Tests Deoxyribonucleic Acid–Based Tests Future Test Development, Other Services, and Updated Test Lists References and Suggested Reading Section XI: Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Chapter 231: Treatment of Status Epilepticus Initial Approach and Diagnosis Treatment Monitoring and Supportive Care References and Suggested Reading Chapter 232: New Maintenance Anticonvulsant Therapies for Dogs and Cats Gabapentin Felbamate Levetiracetam Zonisamide References and Suggested Reading Chapter 233: Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Inflammation (Encephalitis and Meningitis) Treatment of Central Nervous System Inflammation Clinical Signs Clinical Pathology Other Special Examinations Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 234: Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease Cerebrovascular Accident (or Stroke) Clinical Presentation Treatment and Prognosis of Stroke Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 235: Treatment of Intracranial Tumors Definitive Therapies Supportive Therapies References and Suggested Reading Chapter 236: Diagnosis and Treatment of Atlantoaxial Subluxation General Considerations: Anatomy and Physiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 237: Treatment of Canine Cervical Spondylo myelopathy: A Critical Review Etiology and Pathophysiology Medical Treatment and Prognosis Surgical Treatment and Prognosis Observations and Conclusions References and Suggested Reading Chapter 238: Treatment of Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis Terminology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Treatment Observations and Conclusion References and Suggested Reading Chapter 239: Vestibular Disease of Dogs and Cats Anatomy Clinical Signs of Vestibular Disease Neuroanatomic Localization Peripheral Vestibular Diseases Central Vestibular Diseases Diagnostic Testing Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 240: Treatment of Canine Chiari-Like Malformation and Syringomyelia Pathogenesis References and Further Reading Chapter 241: Treatment of Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis Supportive Care Monitoring the Course of Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 242: Treatment of Myopathies and Neuropathies Treatment of Inflammatory Myopathies Treatment of NonInflammatory Myopathies Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathies Adjunctive Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 243: Treatment of Supraspinatus Tendon Disorders in Dogs Supraspinatous Tendon Anatomy Supraspinatus Tendon Mineralization Supraspinatus Tendinosis References Chapter 244: Medical Treatment of Coxofemoral Joint Disease Optimizing skeletal development References and Suggested Reading Chapter 245: Treatment of Animals With Spinal and Musculoskeletal Pain Clinical Aspects of Pain Influencing Treatment Treatment of Clinical Pain References Chapter 246: Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation of Neurologic Patients Joint Function and Passive Range of Motion Initial Strength, Balance, and Proprioception Exercises for the Neurologic Patient Advanced Strength, Balance, and Proprioception Exercises for the Neurologic Patient Assistive Devices Managing the Recumbent Patient Rehabilitation Considerations in Patients with Specific Conditions References and Suggested Reading Chapter 247: Hypokalemic Myopathy in Cats Clinical Signs Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Section XII: Ophthalmic Diseases Chapter 248: Pearls of the Ophthalmic Examination The Direct Ophthalmoscope The Indirect Ophthalmoscope Monocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopes Other Diagnostic Techniques in Veterinary Ophthalmology Chapter 249: Ocular Pharmacology Ocular Surface Corneal Stroma and Anterior Uvea Lens Vitreous Choroid and Retina Eyelids and Orbit References and Suggested Reading Chapter 250: Ocular Immunotherapy Corticosteroids Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs T Cell Inhibitors References and Suggested Reading Chapter 251: Ocular Neoplasia Orbital Neoplasia Adnexal Neoplasia Surface Ocular Neoplasia Intraocular Neoplasia Suggested Reading Chapter 252: Corneal Colors As a Diagnostic Aid Red and Linear Blue and “Fluffy” Gray and Wispy White and “Sparkly” or “Creamy” Black and Geographic (“Map-Shaped”) Tan and “Greasy” Yellow-Green Diagnostic Testing for Corneal Disease Chapter 253: Differential Diagnosis of Blindness Confirmation of Blindness Diagnostic Testing Opacity of the Ocular Media Retinal Disease Optic Nerve Disease Intracranial Causes of Blindness References and Suggested Reading Chapter 254: Differential Diagnosis of Anisocoria Anatomy of the Pupillary Light Reflex The Ophthalmic Examination Nonneurologic Causes of Anisocoria Neurologic Causes of Anisocoria References and Suggested Reading Chapter 255: Differential Diagnosis of the Red Eye Localizing the Source of the Redness References and Suggested Reading Chapter 256: Diseases of the Eyelids and Periocular Skin Infectious Blepharitis Allergic Blepharitis Metabolic/Nutritional Blepharitis Immune-Mediated Blepharitis Iatrogenic Blepharitis Pigmentary Changes Involving the Eyelid Neoplastic Blepharitis Miscellaneous Eyelid Diseases Chapter 257: Feline Chlamydiosis Pathogenesis Clinical Signs Epidemiology Zoonotic Potential Diagnosis Treatment Vaccination and Immunity References Chapter 258: Antiviral Therapy for Feline Herpesvirus Idoxuridine Vidarabine Trifluridine Acyclovir Valacyclovir Ganciclovir Penciclovir Famciclovir Cidofovir Summary Suggested Reading Chapter 259: Episcleritis and Scleritis in Dogs Anatomy Bibliography Chapter 260: Qualitative Tear Film Disturbances of Dogs and Cats Anatomy and Physiology Pathophysiology Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 261: Nonhealing Corneal Erosions in Dogs Diagnosis Treatment Suggested Reading Chapter 262: Anterior Uveitis in Dogs and Cats Anatomy and Physiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis Causes General Principles of Treatment for Uveitis Prognosis Suggested Reading Chapter 263: Feline Glaucoma Anatomy and Physiology Glaucoma Classification Epidemiology What is Normal Feline Intraocular pressure? Clinical Signs of Feline Glaucoma Screening Cats for Glaucoma Medical Therapy for Glaucoma in Cats Drugs That May Increase Intraocular Pressure in Cats Surgical Therapy for Feline Glaucoma Therapy for Specific Forms of Glaucoma in Cats Feline Aqueous Humor Misdirection Syndrome Suggsted Reading Chapter 264: Retinal Detachment Pathogenesis Etiology Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis Suggested Reading Section XIII: Infectious Diseases Chapter 265: Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Infections Epidemic Versus Endemic Infections Pathogenesis of Endemic Infections Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Infections References and Suggested Reading Chapter 266: Rational Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy Concentration-Dependent Antimicrobials Time-Dependent Antimicrobials Guidelines for Specific Tissues References and Suggested Reading Chapter 267: Rational Use of Glucocorticoids in Infectious Disease Mechanism of Action Glucocorticoids in Humans with Infectious Disease Glucocorticoids in Small Animals with Infectious Disease Considerations for Glucocorticoid Use Guidelines for Use of Glucocorticoids with Infections Suggested Reading Chapter 268: Canine Brucellosis Etiology and Microbiology Epizootiology Clinical Signs Diagnosis Therapy Prevention References and Suggested Reading Chapter 269: Leptospirosis Epidemiology Disease Syndromes Outer Membrane Proteins Diagnosis Therapy Prevention References and Suggested Reading Chapter 270: Bartonellosis Feline Bartonellosis and Cat Scratch Disease Canine Bartonellosis Diagnosis of Canine and Feline Bartonellosis Treatment of Bartonella Infections Human Health Implications Legal Implications References and Suggested Reading Chapter 271: Canine and Feline Hemotropic Mycoplasmosis Existence of Multiple Species Prevalence of Infection Pathogenicity Clinical Presentation Clinical Pathology Carrier Status Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 272: Canine Anaplasma Infection The organisms Disease Transmission Clinical Disease Diagnosis Therapy/Prevention References and Suggested Reading Chapter 273: American Leishmaniasis Epidemiology Clinical Aspects Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention References and Suggested Reading Chapter 274: Toxoplasmosis Agent and Epidemiology Clinical Features of Feline Infection Clinical Features Of Canine Infection Clinical Diagnosis Therapy Zoonotic Aspects and Prevention References and Suggested Reading Chapter 275: Pneumocystosis Epidemiology Pathogenesis Clinical Findings Diagnosis Therapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 276: Feline Cytauxzoonosis Epidemiology Pathogenesis Clinical Manifestations Laboratory and Pathologic Findings Diagnosis Therapy and Prevention Suggested Reading Chapter 277: Systemic Fungal Infections Epidemiology Clinical Disease Diagnosis Treatment References and Suggested Reading Chapter 278: Pythiosis and Lagenidiosis Pythiosis Lagenidiosis References and Suggested Reading Chapter 279: Canine Vaccination Guidelines Highlights of the 2006 AAHA Canine Vaccine Guidelines Guidelines for Shelter-Housed Dogs Suggested Reading Chapter 280: Feline Vaccination Guidelines Highlights of the 2006 AAFP Feline Vaccine Guidelines Vaccination of Shelter-Housed Cats References and Suggested Reading Chapter 281: Feline Leukemia Virus and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Management of Retrovirus-Infected Multicat Households Management of Individual Retrovirus-Infected Cats Immune Modulator Therapy Antiviral Chemotherapy References and Suggested Reading Chapter 282: Feline Calicivirus Infection Epidemiology Clinical Signs Diagnosis Treatment Recommendations for Control References and Suggested Reading Chapter 283: Babesiosis Epizootiology Transmission and Risk Factors Clinical Disease Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention Suggested Reading Chapter 284: Canine Influenza Etiology Epidemiology and Disease Transmission Clinical Signs and Differential Diagnosis Diagnosis Therapy Disease Control Prevention Public Health Considerations References and Suggested Reading Chapter 285: Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Therapy and Prevention Pathogenesis Therapy Prevention of Feline Infectious Peritonitis and Feline Coronavirus Infection References and Suggested Reading Chapter 286: Control of Viral Diseases in Catteries Control of Viral Transmission by Hygiene Feline Calicivirus Feline Herpesvirus Feline Leukemia Virus Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Feline Coronavirus/Feline Infectious Peritonitis Feline Parvovirus, Feline Panleukopenia, Feline Paneleukopenia, Feline Infectious Enteritis, Canine Parvovirus References and Suggested Reading Websites Appendices Appendix I: Table of Common Drugs: Approximate Dosages Appendix II: Treatment of Parasites Appendix III: AAFCO Dog and Cat Food Index
