Kinetic Alfvén Waves in Laboratory, Space, and Astrophysical Plasmas (Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space)

Foreword
Preface
Contents
1 Basic Physical Properties of KAWs
	1.1 From AWs to KAWs
	1.2 Dispersion and Propagation of KAWs
	1.3 Polarization and Wave-Particle Interaction of KAWs
	1.4 Excitation of KAWs in Homogeneous Plasmas
	1.5 Excitation of KAWs in Inhomogeneous Plasmas
	1.6 Generation of KAWs by Nonlinear Processes
	References
2 Laboratory Experiments of KAWs
	2.1 Early Experiments of Plasma Heating by KAWs
	2.2 Measurements of KAW Dispersion Relations
	2.3 Propagation and Dissipation of KAWs
	2.4 Excitation and Evolution of KAWs by Plasma Striations
	2.5 Generation of KAWs by Other Plasma Phenomena
	2.6 Laboratory Experiments Versus Space Observations
	References
3 KAWs in Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling
	3.1 Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Interaction
	3.2 Aurora and Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling
	3.3 Observation and Identification of SKAWs
	3.4 Theoretical Models of SKAWs in Auroral Plasmas
	3.5 Auroral Electron Acceleration by SKAWs
	References
4 KAWs in Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling
	4.1 Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interacting Boundary Layers
	4.2 Observations of KAW Turbulence in Magnetosphere
	4.3 Diffusion Equation of Particles Due to KAW Turbulence
	4.4 Particle Transport by KAWs at Magnetopause
	4.5 Formation of Ion Beams by KAWs in Magnetotail
	References
5 KAW Turbulence in Solar Wind
	5.1 Solar Wind: Natural Laboratory for Plasma Turbulence
	5.2 Anisotropic Cascade of AW Turbulence Towards Small Scales
		5.2.1 Iroshnikov-Kraichnan Theory of AW Turbulence
		5.2.2 Goldreich-Sridhar Theory of AW Turbulence
		5.2.3 Boldyrev Theory of AW Turbulence
		5.2.4 Observations of Spectral Anisotropy of AW Turbulence
	5.3 Gyrokinetic Description of KAWs
		5.3.1 Gyrokinetic Approximations
		5.3.2 Gyrokinetic Equations
		5.3.3 Gyrokinetic Dispersion Relation of KAWs
	5.4 Theory and Simulation of KAWs Turbulence
		5.4.1 Basic Properties of KAW Turbulence
		5.4.2 Power Spectra of KAW Turbulence
		5.4.3 AstroGK Simulations of Ion-Scale KAW Turbulence
		5.4.4 AstroGK Simulations of Electron-Scale KAW Turbulence
		5.4.5 Kinetic PIC Simulations of KAW Turbulence
		5.4.6 Fluid-Like Simulations of KAW Turbulence
		5.4.7 Effects of Dispersion on KAW Turbulent Spectra
	5.5 Observational Identifications of KAW Turbulence
		5.5.1 Initial Identifications of KAW Dispersion and Polarization
		5.5.2 Refined Identifications of KAW Dispersion and Spectra
		5.5.3 Identifications of KAW Magnetic Compressibility
		5.5.4 Identifications of KAW Magnetic Helicity
	References
6 KAWs in Solar Atmosphere Heating
	6.1 Modern View of Solar Coronal Heating Problem
	6.2 Generation and Observation of KAWs in Solar Atmosphere
		6.2.1 Generation of KAWs by Solar AW Turbulence
		6.2.2 Generation of KAWs by Solar Field-Aligned Currents
		6.2.3 Generation of KAWs by Solar Field-Aligned Striations
		6.2.4 Possible Solar Observation Evidence of KAWs
	6.3 Upper Chromospheric Heating by Joule Dissipation of KAWs
		6.3.1 Sunspot Upper-Chromospheric Heating Problem
		6.3.2 Joule Dissipation of KAWs by Collision Resistance
		6.3.3 Upper-Chromospheric Heating by KAW Joule Dissipation
	6.4 Inner Coronal Heating by Landau Damping of KAWs
		6.4.1 Heating Problems of Coronal Loops and Plumes
		6.4.2 Landau Damping of KAWs
		6.4.3 Coronal Loop Heating by KAW Landau Damping
		6.4.4 Empirical Model of Coronal Hole and Plumes
		6.4.5 Coronal Plume Heating by KAW Landau Damping
	6.5 Extended Solar Coronal Heating by Nonlinear KAWs
		6.5.1 Anomalous Energization Phenomena of Coronal Ions
		6.5.2 Interaction of Minor Heavy Ions with SKAWs
		6.5.3 Energization of Minor Heavy Ions by SKAWs
	6.6 Interplanetary Solar Wind Heating by Turbulent KAWs
	References
7 KAWs in Extrasolar Astrophysical Plasmas
	7.1 Plasma Turbulence from Cosmological to Kinetic Scales
	7.2 KAW Heating of Stellar and Accretion Disk Coronae
	7.3 KAW Heating of Galactic Halos and Intracluster Medium
	7.4 KAWs and Their Roles in Extended Radio Sources
	References