Kids and Media in America

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
CONTENTS......Page 9
TABLES......Page 14
FIGURES......Page 21
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 25
CHAPTER ONE THE CHANGING MEDIA LANDSCAPE......Page 29
THE CHANGING MEDIA LANDSCAPE......Page 31
CHILDREN AND MEDIA: A HISTORY OF CONCERN......Page 33
PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON CHILDREN\'S MEDIA USE......Page 36
CHAPTER TWO THE MEASUREMENT OF MEDIA BEHAVIOR......Page 41
MEASURING YOUNG PEOPLE\'S MEDIA BEHAVIOUR......Page 44
THE SAMPLES......Page 45
OLDER CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: THE IN-SCHOOL SAMPLE......Page 46
QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTRATION......Page 47
MEDIA EXPOSURE MEASURES......Page 48
MEDIA ATTITUDES......Page 50
DEMOGRAPHIC AND BACKGROUD ITEMS......Page 51
MEDIA-USE DIARIES......Page 52
STATISTICAL ANALYSES......Page 53
AGE AS A BASELINE VARIABLE......Page 54
CHAPTER THREE THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT......Page 57
OVERALL IN-HOME ACCESS......Page 58
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND IN-HOME ACCESS......Page 61
RACE/ETHNICITY AND IN-HOME ACCESS......Page 63
MULTIPLE-MEDIA HOMES......Page 66
AGE AND BEDROOM MEDIA......Page 70
GENDER AND BEDROOM MEDIA......Page 71
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND BEDROOM MEDIA......Page 72
RACE/ETHNICITY AND BEDROOM MEDIA......Page 74
HOUSEHOLD TELEVISION ORIENTATION......Page 76
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND HOUSEHOLD TV ORIENTATION......Page 79
RACE/ETHNICITY AND HOUSEHOLD TV ORIENTATION......Page 82
SUMMING UP THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT......Page 83
CHAPTER FOUR SCREEN MEDIA: TELEVISON, VIDEOS, AND MOVIES......Page 85
AGE AND SCREEN EXPOSURE......Page 86
GENDER AND SCREEN EXPOSURE......Page 90
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND SCREEN EXPOSURE......Page 91
RACE/ETHNICITY AND SCREEN EXPOSURE......Page 93
HOUSEHOLD TV ORIENTATION AND SCREEN EXPOSURE......Page 95
CONTENT PREFERENCES......Page 96
TV CONTENT......Page 97
VIDEO CONTENT......Page 100
THE CONTEXT OF EXPOSURE......Page 102
ATTITUDES TOWARD TELEVISION......Page 108
SUMMING UP SCREEN MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 110
CHAPTER FIVE AUDIO MEDIA: RADIO, TAPES, AND CDs......Page 112
AMOUNT OF AUDIO EXPOSURE......Page 113
PREDICTORS OF AUDIO EXPOSURE......Page 116
MULTIPLE MUSIC GENRES......Page 118
PREDICTORS OF CONTENT PREFERENCES......Page 120
FRAGMENTATION OF MUSIC PREFERENCES......Page 122
AUDIO MEDIA: A CODA......Page 123
CHAPTER SIX PRINT MEDIA: BOOKS, MAGAZINES, AND NEWSPAPERS......Page 125
AMOUNT OF PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 126
GENDER AND PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 129
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 130
RACE/ETHNICITY AND PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 133
HOUSEHOLD TV ORIENTATION AND PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 134
MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS AND PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 136
CONTENT PREFERENCES: WHAT YOUNG PEOPLE READ......Page 137
SUMMING UP PRINT BEHAVIOR......Page 138
CHAPTER SEVEN INTERACTIVE MEDIA......Page 141
A FURTHER WORD ABOUT ACCESS......Page 142
WHO USES COMPUTERS?......Page 145
AMOUNT OF COMPUTER USE......Page 149
VIDEO GAMES......Page 155
INTERACTIVE GAMES......Page 157
WEBSITES......Page 160
SUMMING UP INTERACTIVE MEDIA USE......Page 161
CHAPTER EIGHT PATTERNS OF OVERALL MEDIA CONSUMPTION......Page 164
EXPOSURE VERSUS USE......Page 165
AGE AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 167
GENDER AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 170
RACE/ETHNICITY AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 171
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 172
FAMILY COMPOSITION AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 176
RESIDENCE LOCALE AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 177
THE MEDIA BUDGET......Page 178
AGE AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 181
GENDER AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 183
RACE/ETHNICITY AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 185
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 186
FAMILY COMPOSITION AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 191
RESIDENCE LOCALE AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 192
PERSONAL CONTENTEDNESS AND MEDIA USE......Page 193
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND MEDIA USE......Page 199
HEAVY VERSUS LIGHT MEDIA USERS......Page 202
A TYPOLOGY OF YOUNG PEOPLE’S MEDIA BEHAVIOR......Page 208
MEDIA LITE (18% OF 8- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS)......Page 210
INTERACTOR (16% OF 8- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS)......Page 213
VIDKID (15% OF 8- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS)......Page 214
INDIFFERENT (18% OF 8- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS)......Page 215
ENTHUSIAST (19% OF 8- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS)......Page 216
CHAPTER TEN SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 218
THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT......Page 219
MEDIA EXPOSURE AND MEDIA USE......Page 220
SUBGROUP DIFFERENCES IN MEDIA CONSUMPTION......Page 222
HEAVY VERSUS LIGHT MEDIA USE......Page 223
NEW MEDIA VERSUS OLD......Page 224
GENDER DIFFERENCES......Page 225
MUSIC TASTES......Page 226
ABSENCE OF ADULTS......Page 227
ATTITUDES TOWARD MEDIA......Page 228
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT......Page 229
THE NEED TO PAY ATTENTION......Page 230
CREATING THE IN-SCHOOL SAMPLE......Page 232
THE IN-HOME SAMPLE......Page 234
CONTENT GENRES FOR EACH MEDIUM......Page 236
APPENDIX 3.1: HOUSEHOLDS CONTAINING ONE OR MORE OF EACH MEDIUM......Page 239
APPENDIX 3.2: HOUSEHOLDS CONTAINING THREE OR MORE OF EACH MEDIUM......Page 246
APPENDIX 3.3: YOUTHS WITH EACH MEDIUM IN THEIR BEDROOMS......Page 253
APPENDIX 3.4: HOUSEHOLD TV ORIENTATION......Page 259
APPENDIX 4.1: AMOUNT OF SCREEN MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 265
APPENDIX 4.2: HOUSEHOLD TV ENVIRONMENT......Page 277
APPENDIX 4.3: SCREEN GENRES......Page 280
APPENDIX 4.4: SCREEN VIEWING CONTEXT......Page 287
APPENDIX 4.5: ATTITUDES TOWARD TELEVISION......Page 291
APPENDIX 5.1: AMOUNT OF AUDIO EXPOSURE......Page 298
APPENDIX 5.3: AUDIO GENRES......Page 305
APPENDIX 6.1: AMOUNT OF PRINT MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 310
APPENDIX 6.2: PRINT GENRES......Page 323
APPENDIX 7.1: AMOUNT OF INTERACTIVE MEDIA USE......Page 330
APPENDIX 7.2: INTERACTIVE MEDIA GENRES......Page 343
APPENDIX 8.1: AMOUNT OF TOTAL EXPOSURE AND PROPORTION OF TIME DEVOTED TO EACH MEDIUM......Page 352
APPENDIX 9.1: CONTENTEDNESS INDEX CORRELATIONS......Page 365
APPENDIX 9.2: AMOUNT OF TOTAL MEDIA EXPOSURE BY CONTENTEDNESS......Page 366
APPENDIX 9.3: AMOUNT OF TOTAL MEDIA EXPOSURE BY ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT......Page 367
APPENDIX 9.4: HEAVY AND LIGHT MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 375
APPENDIX  9.5: CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIA USER TYPES......Page 378
REFERENCES......Page 385
AUTHOR INDEX......Page 397
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 401