Kidney and Blood Pressure Regulation

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
An Overview of Blood Pressure Regulation Associated with the Kidney......Page 10
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR)......Page 14
Renovascular Hypertension......Page 18
Neurogenic Hypertension......Page 19
Studies in Heart Failure......Page 20
References......Page 21
Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure and Renal Sodium Excretion......Page 25
Guyton’s Renal Function Curve......Page 26
Possible Mechanism(s) for the Impaired Renal Function of Sodium Excretion in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensives......Page 28
Involvement of the Increased Renal Sympathetic Activity in Salt-Sensitive Patients......Page 29
Potassium Supplementation in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension......Page 33
Renal Damage in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension......Page 34
Insulin Resistance and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension......Page 36
References......Page 38
Network of the Sympathetic Nervous System and Baroreflex......Page 41
Roles of Renal Sympathetic Nerve in Kidney Function......Page 43
Role of the Renal Sympathetic Nerve in the Maintenance of Sodium Balance......Page 45
Renal Structural Changes by Enhanced RSNA......Page 47
Ang II Receptor Blocker Reduces RSNA......Page 48
High Linearity and Low Nonlinearity of Neural Regulation in Hypertension......Page 50
Central Neuronal Mechanisms by Which Ang II Activates the Peripheral SNS......Page 51
References......Page 52
Blood Pressure Regulation and Renal Microcirculation......Page 55
In vitro and in vivo Observations of the Renal Microcirculation......Page 56
Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels in Renal Microcirculation......Page 58
Cortical Autoregulation......Page 59
Medullary Autoregulation......Page 60
Myogenic Response......Page 62
Tubuloglomerular Feedback......Page 64
References......Page 67
Role of Renal Eicosanoids in the Control of Intraglomerular and Systemic Blood Pressure during Development of Hypertension......Page 74
PGC and Clinical Pictures......Page 75
Mechanisms that Control the Glomerular Hemodynamics......Page 77
Salt-Resistant Hypertension......Page 78
Salt-Sensitive Hypertension......Page 80
Conclusion......Page 82
References......Page 83
ACE and ACE2......Page 86
Renal Actions of Angiotensin-(1–7)......Page 89
Signaling Mechanisms and Receptors......Page 93
References......Page 95
Role of Aldosterone Blockade in the Management of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease......Page 99
Nongenomic Effects of Aldosterone......Page 100
Role of Aldosterone in Mediating Progressive Renal Disease......Page 101
Heart Failure: RALES and EPHESUS Clinical Trials......Page 103
Hypertension......Page 104
Aldosterone Blockade Mitigates Renal Disease: Clinical Studies......Page 108
Are SABs Preferable to Non-SABs?......Page 109
References......Page 110
Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS)......Page 114
ARBs......Page 116
Renal Benefits of ACE Inhibitors and ARBs......Page 117
Dosing......Page 118
Safety......Page 119
Recommendations......Page 121
References......Page 122
Angiotensinogen......Page 126
Angiotensin II Receptors......Page 127
Effects of Angiotensin II on Juxtaglomerular Apparatus......Page 128
Renal Hemodynamic Regulation by Intrarenal Angiotensin II......Page 130
Renal Interstitial Function of Angiotensin II......Page 131
Angiotensinogen......Page 133
References......Page 135
Kidney and Blood Pressure Regulation......Page 140
Epidemiology of Diabetes mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy in the USA......Page 141
Diabetic Nephropathy: Factors Affecting Progression and Pharmacological Intervention......Page 143
Proteinuria as a Surrogate for Later Renal Events, and Management of Early Diabetic Kidney Disease......Page 147
Proteinuria, RAAS Blockade, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetics......Page 149
Dual Blockade (ACEinhs and ARBs) of the RAAS in Kidney Disease......Page 151
References......Page 152
Characteristics of Patients with Hypertension in Japan......Page 154
Antihypertensive Treatment for Patients with Renal Dysfunction in Japan......Page 155
Antihypertensive Treatment for Dialysis Patients in Japan......Page 157
Antihypertensive Treatment for Elderly Patients in Japan......Page 158
Organ Protection by Blood Pressure Control......Page 160
Morning Blood Pressure Control......Page 161
Combination of Antihypertensive Agents......Page 162
References......Page 164
Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blockers in Chronic Kidney Disease......Page 168
Non-Diabetic Nephropathy......Page 170
Diabetic Nephropathy......Page 171
Are There Any Significant Differences Among ARBs? (Personal View)......Page 172
References......Page 174
Author Index......Page 176
A......Page 177
E......Page 178
N......Page 179
S......Page 180
V......Page 181