Judiciaries within Europe: A Comparative Review

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
Abbreviations......Page 13
1 Introduction......Page 17
Perspectives on judicial activity......Page 18
Personal......Page 19
External......Page 20
The nature of law: law as institutional fact......Page 22
Operating as a legal actor......Page 23
How law relates to the wider world......Page 25
Objections......Page 26
The core method......Page 28
Professionalism......Page 29
Recruitment......Page 31
Appointment processes......Page 33
Who is appointed?......Page 34
Judicial corps......Page 36
Management and governance......Page 37
Values: independence......Page 42
Freedom from interference......Page 43
Judicial tasks: routine......Page 45
Creativity......Page 48
Extrajudicial tasks......Page 49
Judges and the legal professions......Page 50
Judges and legal academics......Page 52
Judges and the wider community......Page 53
Judges and politics......Page 54
Social status......Page 55
Conclusion......Page 56
Organisational structures......Page 60
Civil and criminal courts......Page 61
Appeals......Page 62
Administrative courts......Page 63
The Conseil constitutionnel......Page 65
Ordinary judges......Page 66
Administrative judges......Page 67
Recruitment and selection......Page 68
Training and career......Page 70
Administrative judges......Page 74
Recruitment and selection......Page 75
Training and career......Page 77
Ordinary judges......Page 78
Values: conceptions of judicial independence......Page 80
Freedom from political interference......Page 81
Freedom to do justice......Page 84
Judicial creativity......Page 85
Judicial style and reasoning......Page 89
Ordinary judges......Page 92
Administrative judges......Page 93
Judges and advocates......Page 95
Judges and academics......Page 98
Commercial judges......Page 105
Recruitment and selection......Page 106
Corporate life......Page 107
Recruitment......Page 108
Other lay judges......Page 109
Constitutional judges......Page 110
Constitutional adjudication......Page 113
The public image of judges......Page 116
Ordinary judges......Page 118
Administrative judges......Page 120
A French judicial culture?......Page 121
3 The German judiciary......Page 124
One professional judiciary or many?......Page 125
Court structures......Page 126
Management of the judiciary and of the courts......Page 128
Initial education and recruitment......Page 129
Diversity in the judiciary......Page 134
Promotion and appraisal......Page 136
Continuing education and appraisal......Page 139
Discipline......Page 140
Conclusion......Page 141
Judicial corporate life......Page 142
Legal positivism and the Weimar and Nazi periods......Page 143
East German law......Page 145
Judicial independence......Page 148
Functions of judges in the legal process......Page 150
Judicial style......Page 152
Judicial creativity and the Grundgesetz......Page 153
Judicial lawmaking as a source of law......Page 156
Conceptions of the judicial role......Page 159
Judges and Rechtsanwälte......Page 164
Judges and professors......Page 165
Community judges: Schöffen......Page 167
Expert and representative judges......Page 170
Training and discipline......Page 171
Functioning of lay judges......Page 172
Law and politics:constitutional adjudication......Page 174
Court membership......Page 175
Jurisdiction and procedure......Page 176
Federal relations......Page 178
Political parties......Page 179
Fundamental rights......Page 181
The scope of judicial action......Page 183
The public image of judges......Page 184
Conclusion: what shapes German judicial culture?......Page 185
4 The Spanish judiciary......Page 190
Court structures......Page 192
Poder Judicial......Page 194
Composition......Page 195
Governance......Page 196
Promotions......Page 198
Inspection and complaints......Page 200
Judicial discipline......Page 202
Judges as managers......Page 203
Judicial career of ordinary judges......Page 204
Selection......Page 205
Training and continuing education......Page 208
Career......Page 209
Judicial corporate life......Page 211
Coming to terms with dictatorship......Page 213
Judicial independence......Page 215
Precedent......Page 216
Extrajudicial roles......Page 219
Judges and abogados......Page 220
Judges and professors......Page 221
Juez de paz......Page 223
Jurado......Page 227
Judges and politics: constitutional adjudication......Page 230
Separation of powers......Page 232
Protecting fundamental freedoms: the amparo......Page 237
Composition of the court......Page 240
The judicial role in society......Page 241
Public reputation......Page 242
Judges and media......Page 244
Political corruption......Page 245
Conclusion: what shapes Spanish judicial culture?......Page 247
5 The Swedish judiciary......Page 250
Geographical factors as a context......Page 251
The workload and staf .ng of courts......Page 252
The growth of administrative justice......Page 253
Dispute resolution......Page 255
Domstolsverket......Page 256
Judges as managers......Page 258
Selection......Page 260
The position of women......Page 262
Promotion......Page 264
Training and continuing education......Page 265
Socialisation......Page 267
Judicial corporate life......Page 268
History of the judiciary......Page 269
Scandinavian realism......Page 274
Social democracy......Page 275
Consensus-building......Page 277
Contemporary challenges......Page 278
Judicial independence......Page 279
Judicial creativity......Page 281
Lagrådet......Page 286
Judges and administrators......Page 289
Judges as committee secretaries......Page 291
Other administrative roles......Page 292
Justitieombudsman......Page 293
Åklagarna......Page 295
Advokaterna......Page 296
Academic lawyers......Page 297
History......Page 298
Function......Page 299
Membership and training......Page 302
Operation......Page 303
Judges and politics: constitutional adjudication......Page 305
Public opinion......Page 308
Judges and the media......Page 309
Conclusion: what shapes Swedish judicial culture?......Page 310
Introduction:can continental Europe offer any useful lessons?......Page 314
The judicial career......Page 315
The House of Lords/Supreme Court......Page 318
The High Court and Court of Appeal......Page 320
The Circuit Bench......Page 324
Reforms of 2005......Page 326
Part-time judges......Page 327
Recruitment and selection......Page 328
Diversity......Page 330
Judicial training......Page 335
Judicial representation......Page 336
Judicial independence......Page 338
Judges and academics......Page 342
Lay and professional judges......Page 345
Judicial lawmaking......Page 350
Judicial review......Page 353
Sentencing discretion......Page 356
Judges as public figures......Page 357
The public standing of the judiciary......Page 358
Conclusion......Page 361
7 Factors shaping the character of
the judiciary......Page 366
History......Page 367
Task......Page 372
Organisational structure......Page 375
Judicial corps......Page 376
Education, training and socialisation......Page 379
Hierarchy and leadership......Page 381
Social diversity......Page 384
Structure of contacts and influence......Page 385
Collective action......Page 387
Lawmaking creativity......Page 388
Independence......Page 390
Public office......Page 393
Conjunctural events......Page 394
External expectations......Page 396
Conclusion......Page 398
Index......Page 400