Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus: An Investigation into Economic and Social Conditions during the New Testament Period

Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus: An Investigation into Economic and Social Conditions during the New Testament Period / Joachim Jeremias......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 6
Translators' note......Page 12
Editions used......Page 13
Abbreviations......Page 14
PART ONE: ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN THE CITY OF JERUSALEM......Page 18
I. INDUSTRIES......Page 20
(a) Goods for domestic use......Page 21
(b) Food trades......Page 23
(c) Luxury goods......Page 25
(α) Under Herod the Great 37 BC-4 BC......Page 27
(β) Under Agrippa I AD 41-44......Page 28
(γ) Under Agrippa II King of Chalcis AD 50-53......Page 29
(δ) The Royal Family of Adiabene......Page 30
(α) Ordinary building......Page 31
(β) Skilled craftsmanship in building......Page 32
(γ) Building maintenance......Page 33
(e) Other trades......Page 34
(a) The layout of the city......Page 35
(b) The distribution of industries in the city......Page 36
(a) The buildings......Page 38
(b) The cultus......Page 42
(c) Organization of Temple workers......Page 43
2. The political and religious significance of the city......Page 44
1. In general......Page 48
2. Foreign trade......Page 52
3. Local trade......Page 55
(a) Grain......Page 56
(b) Fruit and vegetables......Page 58
(c) Livestock......Page 63
(i) Stone......Page 66
(ii) Wood......Page 67
1. The city's geographical position......Page 68
2. Political and religious importance of the city......Page 71
(a) The Journey to Jerusalem......Page 75
(b) Accommodation in Jerusalem......Page 77
2. Visitors from a distance......Page 79
(b) Rome......Page 80
(d) Cyprus......Page 81
(v) Cilicia......Page 82
(f) Mesopotamia......Page 83
(g) Parthia......Page 84
(i) Arabia (Nabatean Empire)......Page 85
(j) Egypt......Page 86
3. Visitors from within Palestine......Page 88
2. Political and religious importance of the city......Page 90
Excursus: The number of pilgrims at Passover......Page 94
Additional Note on calculating the number of festival pilgrims......Page 101
PART TWO: ECONOMIC STATUS......Page 102
A. The court......Page 104
1. Extravagance......Page 109
2. Representatives of the wealthy class......Page 112
V. THE MIDDLE CLASS......Page 117
VI. THE POOR......Page 126
A. Slaves and day labourers......Page 127
B. The subsidized sections of the population......Page 128
1. The cost of living in normal times......Page 137
2. The cost of living in times of emergency......Page 138
B. The political situation......Page 140
1. Taxation......Page 141
1. Acts of charity......Page 143
2. Pilgrim traffic as a source of income......Page 151
Excursus I. The historicity of Matthew 27.7......Page 155
Excursus II. Disasters in Jerusalem......Page 157
PART THREE: SOCIAL STATUS......Page 162
A. The high priest......Page 164
B. The chief priests and chief Levites......Page 177
C. The priestly aristocracy......Page 198
Excursus: The chronology of Maccabees......Page 199
D. The 'ordinary' priests......Page 215
E. The Levites......Page 224
F. The hereditary character of the priesthood......Page 230
IX. THE LAY NOBILITY......Page 239
X. THE SCRIBES......Page 250
XI. THE PHARISEES......Page 263
PART FOUR: THE MAINTENANCE OF RACIAL PURITY......Page 286
XII. THE STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL COMMUNITY......Page 288
A. Legitimacy of ancestry......Page 292
B. Historical value of lay genealogies......Page 301
C. Civil rights of full Israelites......Page 314
A. Despised trades......Page 320
B. Jewish slaves......Page 329
1. Illegitimate descendants of priests......Page 334
2. Proselytes......Page 337
3. Freed Gentile slaves......Page 351
1. Bastards......Page 354
2. Temple slaves, fatherless, foundlings, eunuchs......Page 359
XVI. GENTILE SLAVES......Page 362
XVII. THE SAMARITANS......Page 369
XVIII. THE SOCIAL POSITION OF WOMEN......Page 376
List of High Priests......Page 394
Jerusalem Scribes......Page 396
Index of Names and Subjects......Page 398
Old Testament......Page 402
New Testament......Page 405
Qumran Writings......Page 409
The Mishnah......Page 410
The Tosephta......Page 413
The Babylonian Talmud......Page 414
The Jerusalem Talmud......Page 416
Midrash Rabbah......Page 417
Josephus......Page 418
Philo......Page 421