JavaScript: The Definitive Guide: Master the World's Most-Used Programming Language

Copyright
Table of Contents
Preface
	Section 1. Conventions Used in This Book
	Section 2. Example Code
	Section 3. O’Reilly Online Learning
	Section 4. How to Contact Us
	Section 5. Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Introduction to JavaScript
	1.1 Exploring JavaScript
	1.2 Hello World
	1.3 A Tour of JavaScript
	1.4 Example: Character Frequency Histograms
	1.5 Summary
Chapter 2. Lexical Structure
	2.1 The Text of a JavaScript Program
	2.2 Comments
	2.3 Literals
	2.4 Identifiers and Reserved Words
		2.4.1 Reserved Words
	2.5 Unicode
		2.5.1 Unicode Escape Sequences
		2.5.2 Unicode Normalization
	2.6 Optional Semicolons
	2.7 Summary
Chapter 3. Types, Values, and Variables
	3.1 Overview and Definitions
	3.2 Numbers
		3.2.1 Integer Literals
		3.2.2 Floating-Point Literals
		3.2.3 Arithmetic in JavaScript
		3.2.4 Binary Floating-Point and Rounding Errors
		3.2.5 Arbitrary Precision Integers with BigInt
		3.2.6 Dates and Times
	3.3 Text
		3.3.1 String Literals
		3.3.2 Escape Sequences in String Literals
		3.3.3 Working with Strings
		3.3.4 Template Literals
		3.3.5 Pattern Matching
	3.4 Boolean Values
	3.5 null and undefined
	3.6 Symbols
	3.7 The Global Object
	3.8 Immutable Primitive Values and Mutable Object References
	3.9 Type Conversions
		3.9.1 Conversions and Equality
		3.9.2 Explicit Conversions
		3.9.3 Object to Primitive Conversions
	3.10 Variable Declaration and Assignment
		3.10.1 Declarations with let and const
		3.10.2 Variable Declarations with var
		3.10.3 Destructuring Assignment
	3.11 Summary
Chapter 4. Expressions and Operators
	4.1 Primary Expressions
	4.2 Object and Array Initializers
	4.3 Function Definition Expressions
	4.4 Property Access Expressions
		4.4.1 Conditional Property Access
	4.5 Invocation Expressions
		4.5.1 Conditional Invocation
	4.6 Object Creation Expressions
	4.7 Operator Overview
		4.7.1 Number of Operands
		4.7.2 Operand and Result Type
		4.7.3 Operator Side Effects
		4.7.4 Operator Precedence
		4.7.5 Operator Associativity
		4.7.6 Order of Evaluation
	4.8 Arithmetic Expressions
		4.8.1 The + Operator
		4.8.2 Unary Arithmetic Operators
		4.8.3 Bitwise Operators
	4.9 Relational Expressions
		4.9.1 Equality and Inequality Operators
		4.9.2 Comparison Operators
		4.9.3 The in Operator
		4.9.4 The instanceof Operator
	4.10 Logical Expressions
		4.10.1 Logical AND (&&)
		4.10.2 Logical OR (||)
		4.10.3 Logical NOT (!)
	4.11 Assignment Expressions
		4.11.1 Assignment with Operation
	4.12 Evaluation Expressions
		4.12.1 eval()
		4.12.2 Global eval()
		4.12.3 Strict eval()
	4.13 Miscellaneous Operators
		4.13.1 The Conditional Operator (?:)
		4.13.2 First-Defined (??)
		4.13.3 The typeof Operator
		4.13.4 The delete Operator
		4.13.5 The await Operator
		4.13.6 The void Operator
		4.13.7 The comma Operator (,)
	4.14 Summary
Chapter 5. Statements
	5.1 Expression Statements
	5.2 Compound and Empty Statements
	5.3 Conditionals
		5.3.1 if
		5.3.2 else if
		5.3.3 switch
	5.4 Loops
		5.4.1 while
		5.4.2 do/while
		5.4.3 for
		5.4.4 for/of
		5.4.5 for/in
	5.5 Jumps
		5.5.1 Labeled Statements
		5.5.2 break
		5.5.3 continue
		5.5.4 return
		5.5.5 yield
		5.5.6 throw
		5.5.7 try/catch/finally
	5.6 Miscellaneous Statements
		5.6.1 with
		5.6.2 debugger
		5.6.3 “use strict”
	5.7 Declarations
		5.7.1 const, let, and var
		5.7.2 function
		5.7.3 class
		5.7.4 import and export
	5.8 Summary of JavaScript Statements
Chapter 6. Objects
	6.1 Introduction to Objects
	6.2 Creating Objects
		6.2.1 Object Literals
		6.2.2 Creating Objects with new
		6.2.3 Prototypes
		6.2.4 Object.create()
	6.3 Querying and Setting Properties
		6.3.1 Objects As Associative Arrays
		6.3.2 Inheritance
		6.3.3 Property Access Errors
	6.4 Deleting Properties
	6.5 Testing Properties
	6.6 Enumerating Properties
		6.6.1 Property Enumeration Order
	6.7 Extending Objects
	6.8 Serializing Objects
	6.9 Object Methods
		6.9.1 The toString() Method
		6.9.2 The toLocaleString() Method
		6.9.3 The valueOf() Method
		6.9.4 The toJSON() Method
	6.10 Extended Object Literal Syntax
		6.10.1 Shorthand Properties
		6.10.2 Computed Property Names
		6.10.3 Symbols as Property Names
		6.10.4 Spread Operator
		6.10.5 Shorthand Methods
		6.10.6 Property Getters and Setters
	6.11 Summary
Chapter 7. Arrays
	7.1 Creating Arrays
		7.1.1 Array Literals
		7.1.2 The Spread Operator
		7.1.3 The Array() Constructor
		7.1.4 Array.of()
		7.1.5 Array.from()
	7.2 Reading and Writing Array Elements
	7.3 Sparse Arrays
	7.4 Array Length
	7.5 Adding and Deleting Array Elements
	7.6 Iterating Arrays
	7.7 Multidimensional Arrays
	7.8 Array Methods
		7.8.1 Array Iterator Methods
		7.8.2 Flattening arrays with flat() and flatMap()
		7.8.3 Adding arrays with concat()
		7.8.4 Stacks and Queues with push(), pop(), shift(), and unshift()
		7.8.5 Subarrays with slice(), splice(), fill(), and copyWithin()
		7.8.6 Array Searching and Sorting Methods
		7.8.7 Array to String Conversions
		7.8.8 Static Array Functions
	7.9 Array-Like Objects
	7.10 Strings as Arrays
	7.11 Summary
Chapter 8. Functions
	8.1 Defining Functions
		8.1.1 Function Declarations
		8.1.2 Function Expressions
		8.1.3 Arrow Functions
		8.1.4 Nested Functions
	8.2 Invoking Functions
		8.2.1 Function Invocation
		8.2.2 Method Invocation
		8.2.3 Constructor Invocation
		8.2.4 Indirect Invocation
		8.2.5 Implicit Function Invocation
	8.3 Function Arguments and Parameters
		8.3.1 Optional Parameters and Defaults
		8.3.2 Rest Parameters and Variable-Length Argument Lists
		8.3.3 The Arguments Object
		8.3.4 The Spread Operator for Function Calls
		8.3.5 Destructuring Function Arguments into Parameters
		8.3.6 Argument Types
	8.4 Functions as Values
		8.4.1 Defining Your Own Function Properties
	8.5 Functions as Namespaces
	8.6 Closures
	8.7 Function Properties, Methods, and Constructor
		8.7.1 The length Property
		8.7.2 The name Property
		8.7.3 The prototype Property
		8.7.4 The call() and apply() Methods
		8.7.5 The bind() Method
		8.7.6 The toString() Method
		8.7.7 The Function() Constructor
	8.8 Functional Programming
		8.8.1 Processing Arrays with Functions
		8.8.2 Higher-Order Functions
		8.8.3 Partial Application of Functions
		8.8.4 Memoization
	8.9 Summary
Chapter 9. Classes
	9.1 Classes and Prototypes
	9.2 Classes and Constructors
		9.2.1 Constructors, Class Identity, and instanceof
		9.2.2 The constructor Property
	9.3 Classes with the class Keyword
		9.3.1 Static Methods
		9.3.2 Getters, Setters, and other Method Forms
		9.3.3 Public, Private, and Static Fields
		9.3.4 Example: A Complex Number Class
	9.4 Adding Methods to Existing Classes
	9.5 Subclasses
		9.5.1 Subclasses and Prototypes
		9.5.2 Subclasses with extends and super
		9.5.3 Delegation Instead of Inheritance
		9.5.4 Class Hierarchies and Abstract Classes
	9.6 Summary
Chapter 10. Modules
	10.1 Modules with Classes, Objects, and Closures
		10.1.1 Automating Closure-Based Modularity
	10.2 Modules in Node
		10.2.1 Node Exports
		10.2.2 Node Imports
		10.2.3 Node-Style Modules on the Web
	10.3 Modules in ES6
		10.3.1 ES6 Exports
		10.3.2 ES6 Imports
		10.3.3 Imports and Exports with Renaming
		10.3.4 Re-Exports
		10.3.5 JavaScript Modules on the Web
		10.3.6 Dynamic Imports with import()
		10.3.7 import.meta.url
	10.4 Summary
Chapter 11. The JavaScript Standard Library
	11.1 Sets and Maps
		11.1.1 The Set Class
		11.1.2 The Map Class
		11.1.3 WeakMap and WeakSet
	11.2 Typed Arrays and Binary Data
		11.2.1 Typed Array Types
		11.2.2 Creating Typed Arrays
		11.2.3 Using Typed Arrays
		11.2.4 Typed Array Methods and Properties
		11.2.5 DataView and Endianness
	11.3 Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions
		11.3.1 Defining Regular Expressions
		11.3.2 String Methods for Pattern Matching
		11.3.3 The RegExp Class
	11.4 Dates and Times
		11.4.1 Timestamps
		11.4.2 Date Arithmetic
		11.4.3 Formatting and Parsing Date Strings
	11.5 Error Classes
	11.6 JSON Serialization and Parsing
		11.6.1 JSON Customizations
	11.7 The Internationalization API
		11.7.1 Formatting Numbers
		11.7.2 Formatting Dates and Times
		11.7.3 Comparing Strings
	11.8 The Console API
		11.8.1 Formatted Output with Console
	11.9 URL APIs
		11.9.1 Legacy URL Functions
	11.10 Timers
	11.11 Summary
Chapter 12. Iterators and Generators
	12.1 How Iterators Work
	12.2 Implementing Iterable Objects
		12.2.1 “Closing” an Iterator: The Return Method
	12.3 Generators
		12.3.1 Generator Examples
		12.3.2 yield* and Recursive Generators
	12.4 Advanced Generator Features
		12.4.1 The Return Value of a Generator Function
		12.4.2 The Value of a yield Expression
		12.4.3 The return() and throw() Methods of a Generator
		12.4.4 A Final Note About Generators
	12.5 Summary
Chapter 13. Asynchronous JavaScript
	13.1 Asynchronous Programming with Callbacks
		13.1.1 Timers
		13.1.2 Events
		13.1.3 Network Events
		13.1.4 Callbacks and Events in Node
	13.2 Promises
		13.2.1 Using Promises
		13.2.2 Chaining Promises
		13.2.3 Resolving Promises
		13.2.4 More on Promises and Errors
		13.2.5 Promises in Parallel
		13.2.6 Making Promises
		13.2.7 Promises in Sequence
	13.3 async and await
		13.3.1 await Expressions
		13.3.2 async Functions
		13.3.3 Awaiting Multiple Promises
		13.3.4 Implementation Details
	13.4 Asynchronous Iteration
		13.4.1 The for/await Loop
		13.4.2 Asynchronous Iterators
		13.4.3 Asynchronous Generators
		13.4.4 Implementing Asynchronous Iterators
	13.5 Summary
Chapter 14. Metaprogramming
	14.1 Property Attributes
	14.2 Object Extensibility
	14.3 The prototype Attribute
	14.4 Well-Known Symbols
		14.4.1 Symbol.iterator and Symbol.asyncIterator
		14.4.2 Symbol.hasInstance
		14.4.3 Symbol.toStringTag
		14.4.4 Symbol.species
		14.4.5 Symbol.isConcatSpreadable
		14.4.6 Pattern-Matching Symbols
		14.4.7 Symbol.toPrimitive
		14.4.8 Symbol.unscopables
	14.5 Template Tags
	14.6 The Reflect API
	14.7 Proxy Objects
		14.7.1 Proxy Invariants
	14.8 Summary
Chapter 15. JavaScript in Web Browsers
	15.1 Web Programming Basics
		15.1.1 JavaScript in HTML