Java how to program. Early objects

Cover......Page 2
Java™ How to Program Early Objects......Page 3
How To Program Series......Page 4
Java™ How to Program Early Objects......Page 9
Trademarks......Page 10
Contents......Page 13
Foreword......Page 46
Preface......Page 51
Before You Begin......Page 110
1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and Java......Page 125
1.1 Introduction......Page 128
1.2 Hardware and Software......Page 132
1.3 Data Hierarchy......Page 137
1.4 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages......Page 143
1.5 Introduction to Object Technology......Page 147
1.6 Operating Systems......Page 155
1.7 Programming Languages......Page 161
1.8 Java......Page 165
1.9 A Typical Java Development Environment......Page 167
1.10 Test-Driving a Java Application......Page 176
1.11 Internet and World Wide Web......Page 185
1.12 Software Technologies......Page 191
1.13 Getting Your Questions Answered......Page 195
Self-Review Exercises......Page 196
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3235
Exercises......Page 198
Making a Difference......Page 200
2 Introduction to Java Applications; Input/Output and Operators......Page 202
2.1 Introduction......Page 204
2.2 Your First Program in Java: Printing a Line of Text......Page 205
2.3 Modifying Your First Java Program......Page 222
2.4 Displaying Text with printf......Page 227
2.5 Another Application: Adding Integers......Page 230
2.6 Memory Concepts......Page 242
2.7 Arithmetic......Page 245
2.8 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators......Page 253
2.9 Wrap-Up......Page 262
Summary......Page 263
Self-Review Exercises......Page 280
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3237
Exercises......Page 283
Making a Difference......Page 291
3 Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and Strings......Page 293
3.1 Introduction1......Page 296
3.2 Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods......Page 298
3.3 Account Class: Initializing Objects with Constructors......Page 324
3.4 Account Class with a Balance; Floating-Point Numbers......Page 332
3.5 Primitive Types vs. Reference Types......Page 344
3.6 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: A Simple GUI......Page 347
3.7 Wrap-Up......Page 366
Summary......Page 368
Self-Review Exercises......Page 381
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3240
Exercises......Page 384
Making a Difference......Page 387
4 Control Statements: Part 1; Assignment, ++ and -- Operators......Page 389
4.1 Introduction......Page 392
4.2 Algorithms......Page 393
4.3 Pseudocode......Page 394
4.4 Control Structures......Page 396
4.5 if Single-Selection Statement......Page 403
4.7 Student Class: Nested if…else Statements......Page 415
4.8 while Iteration Statement......Page 420
4.9 Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Iteration......Page 424
4.10 Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Iteration......Page 435
4.11 Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements......Page 452
4.12 Compound Assignment Operators......Page 461
4.13 Increment and Decrement Operators......Page 463
4.14 Primitive Types......Page 470
4.15 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Event Handling; Drawing Lines......Page 472
4.16 Wrap-Up......Page 499
Summary......Page 500
Self-Review Exercises......Page 521
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3242
Exercises......Page 525
Making a Difference......Page 536
5 Control Statements: Part 2; Logical Operators......Page 538
5.1 Introduction......Page 541
5.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Iteration......Page 542
5.3 for Iteration Statement......Page 545
5.4 Examples Using the for Statement......Page 556
5.5 do……while Iteration Statement......Page 568
5.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statement......Page 571
5.7 Class AutoPolicy Case Study: Strings in switch Statements......Page 584
5.8 break and continue Statements......Page 590
5.9 Logical Operators......Page 595
5.10 Structured-Programming Summary......Page 609
5.11 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing Rectangles and Ovals......Page 619
5.12 Wrap-Up......Page 627
Summary......Page 628
Self-Review Exercises......Page 646
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3246
Exercises......Page 649
Making a Difference......Page 656
6 Methods: A Deeper Look......Page 657
6.1 Introduction......Page 659
6.2 Program Units in Java......Page 661
6.3 static Methods, static Fields and Class Math......Page 666
6.4 Methods with Multiple Parameters......Page 672
6.5 Notes on Declaring and Using Methods......Page 681
6.6 Method-Call Stack and Activation Records......Page 685
6.7 Argument Promotion and Casting......Page 688
6.8 Java API Packages......Page 692
6.9 Case Study: Secure Random-Number Generation......Page 696
6.10 Case Study: A Game of Chance; Introducing enum Types......Page 709
6.11 Scope of Declarations......Page 719
6.12 Method Overloading......Page 724
6.13 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Colors and Filled Shapes......Page 729
6.14 Wrap-Up......Page 737
Summary......Page 739
Self-Review Exercises......Page 753
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3249
Exercises......Page 756
Making a Difference......Page 765
7 Arrays and ArrayLists......Page 768
7.1 Introduction......Page 771
7.2 Arrays......Page 773
7.3 Declaring and Creating Arrays......Page 777
7.4 Examples Using Arrays......Page 781
7.5 Exception Handling: Processing the Incorrect Response......Page 800
7.6 Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation......Page 804
7.7 Enhanced for Statement......Page 814
7.8 Passing Arrays to Methods......Page 818
7.9 Pass-By-Value vs. Pass-By-Reference......Page 823
7.10 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades......Page 826
7.11 Multidimensional Arrays......Page 836
7.12 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional Array......Page 845
7.13 Variable-Length Argument Lists......Page 856
7.14 Using Command-Line Arguments......Page 859
7.15 Class Arrays......Page 864
7.16 Introduction to Collections and Class ArrayList......Page 870
7.17 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing Arcs......Page 877
7.18 Wrap-Up......Page 884
Summary......Page 886
Self-Review Exercises......Page 902
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3254
Exercises......Page 905
Special Section: Building Your Own Computer......Page 923
Making a Difference......Page 935
8 Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look......Page 936
8.1 Introduction......Page 938
8.2 Time Class Case Study......Page 939
8.3 Controlling Access to Members......Page 950
8.4 Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference......Page 952
8.5 Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors......Page 957
8.6 Default and No-Argument Constructors......Page 969
8.7 Notes on Set and Get Methods......Page 971
8.8 Composition......Page 975
8.9 enum Types......Page 981
8.10 Garbage Collection......Page 987
8.11 static Class Members......Page 989
8.12 static Import......Page 998
8.13 final Instance Variables......Page 1001
8.14 Package Access......Page 1004
8.15 Using BigDecimal for Precise Monetary Calculations......Page 1007
8.16 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Using Objects with Graphics......Page 1013
8.17 Wrap-Up......Page 1020
Summary......Page 1022
Self-Review Exercises......Page 1038
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3257
Exercises......Page 1040
Making a Difference......Page 1046
9 Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance......Page 1048
9.1 Introduction......Page 1050
9.2 Superclasses and Subclasses......Page 1053
9.3 protected Members......Page 1058
9.4 Relationship Between Superclasses and Subclasses......Page 1060
9.5 Constructors in Subclasses......Page 1105
9.6 Class Object......Page 1107
9.7 Designing with Composition vs. Inheritance......Page 1109
9.8 Wrap-Up......Page 1114
Summary......Page 1116
Self-Review Exercises......Page 1123
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3259
Exercises......Page 1125
10 Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism and Interfaces......Page 1131
10.1 Introduction......Page 1134
10.2 Polymorphism Examples......Page 1138
10.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior......Page 1141
10.4 Abstract Classes and Methods......Page 1147
10.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism......Page 1154
10.6 Allowed Assignments Between Superclass and Subclass Variables......Page 1184
10.7 final Methods and Classes......Page 1185
10.8 A Deeper Explanation of Issues with Calling Methods from Constructors......Page 1188
10.9 Creating and Using Interfaces......Page 1190
10.10 Java SE 8 Interface Enhancements......Page 1212
10.11 Java SE 9 private Interface Methods......Page 1216
10.12 private Constructors......Page 1217
10.13 Program to an Interface, Not an Implementation3......Page 1219
10.14 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing with Polymorphism......Page 1226
10.15 Wrap-Up......Page 1231
Summary......Page 1233
Self-Review Exercises......Page 1247
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3260
Exercises......Page 1249
Making a Difference......Page 1253
11 Exception Handling: A Deeper Look......Page 1254
11.1 Introduction......Page 1256
11.2 Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling......Page 1259
11.3 Example: Handling ArithmeticExceptions and InputMismatchExceptions......Page 1265
11.4 When to Use Exception Handling......Page 1278
11.5 Java Exception Hierarchy......Page 1280
11.6 finally Block......Page 1289
11.7 Stack Unwinding and Obtaining Information from an Exception......Page 1300
11.8 Chained Exceptions......Page 1307
11.9 Declaring New Exception Types......Page 1311
11.10 Preconditions and Postconditions......Page 1314
11.11 Assertions......Page 1317
11.12 try-with-Resources: Automatic Resource Deallocation......Page 1321
11.13 Wrap-Up......Page 1324
Summary......Page 1326
Self-Review Exercises......Page 1340
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3261
Exercises......Page 1341
12 JavaFX Graphical User Interfaces: Part 1......Page 1343
12.1 Introduction......Page 1345
12.2 JavaFX Scene Builder......Page 1348
12.3 JavaFX App Window Structure......Page 1350
12.4 Welcome App—Displaying Text and an Image Welcome App—Displaying Text and an Image......Page 1353
12.5 Tip Calculator App—Introduction to Event Handling Tip Calculator App—Introduction to Event Handling......Page 1365
12.6 Features Covered in the Other JavaFX Chapters......Page 1407
12.7 Wrap-Up......Page 1408
Summary......Page 1410
Self-Review Exercises......Page 1423
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3263
Exercises......Page 1425
Making a Difference......Page 1427
13 JavaFX GUI: Part 2......Page 1429
13.1 Introduction......Page 1432
13.2 Laying Out Nodes in a Scene Graph......Page 1433
13.3 Painter App: RadioButtons, Mouse Events and Shapes......Page 1436
13.4 Color Chooser App: Property Bindings and Property Listeners......Page 1461
13.5 Cover Viewer App: Data-Driven GUIs with JavaFX Collections......Page 1477
13.6 Cover Viewer App: Customizing ListView Cells......Page 1490
13.7 Additional JavaFX Capabilities......Page 1499
13.8 JavaFX 9: Java SE 9 JavaFX Updates......Page 1505
13.9 Wrap-Up......Page 1509
Summary......Page 1511
Self-Review Exercises......Page 1531
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3265
Exercises......Page 1534
14 Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions......Page 1536
14.1 Introduction......Page 1539
14.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings......Page 1540
14.3 Class String......Page 1542
14.4 Class StringBuilder......Page 1570
14.5 Class Character......Page 1585
14.6 Tokenizing Strings......Page 1594
14.7 Regular Expressions, Class Pattern and Class Matcher......Page 1597
14.8 Wrap-Up......Page 1616
Summary......Page 1617
Self-Review Exercises......Page 1627
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3267
Exercises......Page 1628
Special Section: String-Manipulation Exercises......Page 1631
Special Section: Challenging String-Manipulation Projects......Page 1637
Making a Difference......Page 1639
15 Files, Input/Output Streams, NIO and XML Serialization......Page 1642
15.1 Introduction......Page 1645
15.2 Files and Streams......Page 1647
15.3 Using NIO Classes and Interfaces to Get File and Directory Information......Page 1651
15.4 Sequential Text Files......Page 1660
15.5 XML Serialization......Page 1679
15.6 FileChooser and DirectoryChooser Dialogs......Page 1693
15.7 (Optional) Additional java.io Classes......Page 1706
15.8 Wrap-Up......Page 1714
Summary......Page 1715
Self-Review Exercises......Page 1728
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3268
Exercises......Page 1730
Making a Difference......Page 1735
16 Generic Collections......Page 1737
16.1 Introduction......Page 1739
16.2 Collections Overview......Page 1741
16.3 Type-Wrapper Classes......Page 1744
16.4 Autoboxing and Auto-Unboxing......Page 1745
16.5 Interface Collection and Class Collections......Page 1747
16.6 Lists......Page 1750
16.7 Collections Methods......Page 1767
16.8 Class PriorityQueue and Interface Queue......Page 1789
16.9 Sets......Page 1792
16.10 Maps......Page 1797
16.11 Synchronized Collections......Page 1806
16.12 Unmodifiable Collections......Page 1808
16.13 Abstract Implementations......Page 1810
16.14 Java SE 9: Convenience Factory Methods for Immutable Collections1......Page 1811
16.15 Wrap-Up......Page 1820
Summary......Page 1822
Self-Review Exercises......Page 1838
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3270
Exercises......Page 1840
17 Lambdas and Streams......Page 1843
17.1 Introduction1......Page 1847
17.2 Streams and Reduction......Page 1851
17.3 Mapping and Lambdas......Page 1859
17.4 Filtering......Page 1869
17.5 How Elements Move Through Stream Pipelines......Page 1873
17.6 Method References......Page 1876
17.7 IntStream Operations......Page 1882
17.8 Functional Interfaces......Page 1894
17.9 Lambdas: A Deeper Look......Page 1898
17.10 Stream<Integer> Manipulations......Page 1901
17.11 Stream<String> Manipulations......Page 1909
17.12 Stream<Employee> Manipulations......Page 1915
17.13 Creating a Stream<String> from a File......Page 1939
17.14 Streams of Random Values......Page 1947
17.15 Infinite Streams......Page 1952
17.16 Lambda Event Handlers......Page 1956
17.17 Additional Notes on Java SE 8 Interfaces......Page 1958
17.18 Wrap-Up......Page 1960
Summary......Page 1962
Self-Review Exercises......Page 2007
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3272
Exercises......Page 2010
18 Recursion......Page 2018
18.1 Introduction......Page 2020
18.2 Recursion Concepts......Page 2023
18.3 Example Using Recursion: Factorials......Page 2026
18.4 Reimplementing Class FactorialCalculator Using BigInteger......Page 2032
18.5 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series......Page 2035
18.6 Recursion and the Method-Call Stack......Page 2042
18.7 Recursion vs. Iteration......Page 2046
18.8 Towers of Hanoi......Page 2050
18.9 Fractals......Page 2055
18.10 Recursive Backtracking......Page 2076
18.11 Wrap-Up......Page 2078
Summary......Page 2079
Self-Review Exercises......Page 2089
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3274
Exercises......Page 2091
19 Searching, Sorting and Big O......Page 2099
19.1 Introduction......Page 2101
19.2 Linear Search......Page 2104
19.3 Big O Notation......Page 2110
19.4 Binary Search......Page 2115
19.5 Sorting Algorithms......Page 2123
19.6 Selection Sort......Page 2124
19.7 Insertion Sort......Page 2131
19.8 Merge Sort......Page 2138
19.9 Big O Summary for This Chapter’s Searching and Sorting Algorithms Big O Summary for This Chapter’s Searching and Sorting Algorithms......Page 2148
19.10 Massive Parallelism and Parallel Algorithms......Page 2150
19.11 Wrap-Up......Page 2151
Summary......Page 2152
Self-Review Exercises......Page 2160
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3275
Exercises......Page 2161
Making a Difference......Page 2165
20 Generic Classes and Methods: A Deeper Look......Page 2166
20.1 Introduction......Page 2168
20.2 Motivation for Generic Methods......Page 2169
20.3 Generic Methods: Implementation and Compile-Time Translation......Page 2174
20.4 Additional Compile-Time Translation Issues: Methods That Use a Type Parameter as the Return Type......Page 2182
20.5 Overloading Generic Methods......Page 2190
20.6 Generic Classes......Page 2191
20.7 Wildcards in Methods That Accept Type Parameters......Page 2205
20.8 Wrap-Up......Page 2214
Summary......Page 2215
Self-Review Exercises......Page 2224
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3276
Exercises......Page 2226
21 Custom Generic Data Structures......Page 2228
21.1 Introduction......Page 2230
21.2 Self-Referential Classes......Page 2233
21.3 Dynamic Memory Allocation......Page 2235
21.4 Linked Lists......Page 2237
21.5 Stacks......Page 2267
21.6 Queues......Page 2274
21.7 Trees......Page 2280
21.8 Wrap-Up......Page 2293
Summary......Page 2294
Self-Review Exercises......Page 2304
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3277
Exercises......Page 2307
Special Section: Building Your Own Compiler......Page 2319
22 JavaFX Graphics and Multimedia......Page 2348
22.1 Introduction......Page 2351
22.2 Controlling Fonts with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)......Page 2353
22.3 Displaying Two-Dimensional Shapes......Page 2371
22.4 Polylines, Polygons and Paths......Page 2383
22.5 Transforms......Page 2394
22.6 Playing Video with Media, MediaPlayer and MediaViewer......Page 2398
22.7 Transition Animations......Page 2413
22.8 Timeline Animations......Page 2425
22.9 Frame-by-Frame Animation with AnimationTimer......Page 2431
22.10 Drawing on a Canvas......Page 2436
22.11 Three-Dimensional Shapes......Page 2446
22.12 Wrap-Up......Page 2454
Summary......Page 2456
Self-Review Exercises......Page 2483
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3279
Exercises......Page 2486
23 Concurrency......Page 2499
23.1 Introduction......Page 2502
23.2 Thread States and Life Cycle......Page 2507
23.3 Creating and Executing Threads with the Executor Framework......Page 2515
23.4 Thread Synchronization......Page 2525
23.5 Producer/Consumer Relationship without Synchronization......Page 2544
23.6 Producer/Consumer Relationship: ArrayBlockingQueue......Page 2562
23.7 (Advanced) Producer/Consumer Relationship with synchronized, wait, notify and notifyAll......Page 2569
23.8 (Advanced) Producer/Consumer Relationship: Bounded Buffers......Page 2585
23.9 (Advanced) Producer/Consumer Relationship: The Lock and Condition Interfaces......Page 2601
23.10 Concurrent Collections......Page 2617
23.11 Multithreading in JavaFX......Page 2620
23.12 sort/parallelSort Timings with the Java SE 8 Date/Time API......Page 2646
23.13 Java SE 8: Sequential vs. Parallel Streams......Page 2652
23.14 (Advanced) Interfaces Callable and Future......Page 2657
23.15 (Advanced) Fork/Join Framework......Page 2667
23.16 Wrap-Up......Page 2669
Summary......Page 2672
Self-Review Exercises......Page 2696
Exercises......Page 2699
Exercises......Page 2701
24 Accessing Databases with JDBC......Page 2705
24.1 Introduction......Page 2708
24.2 Relational Databases......Page 2712
24.3 A books Database......Page 2715
24.4 SQL......Page 2724
24.5 Setting Up a Java DB Database 1......Page 2746
24.6 Connecting to and Querying a Database......Page 2752
24.7 Querying the books Database......Page 2763
24.8 RowSet Interface......Page 2789
24.9 PreparedStatements......Page 2795
24.10 Stored Procedures......Page 2819
24.11 Transaction Processing......Page 2821
24.12 Wrap-Up......Page 2823
Summary......Page 2824
Self-Review Exercises......Page 2845
Answers to Self-Review Exercise......Page 3281
Exercises......Page 2846
25 Introduction to JShell: Java 9’s REPL for Interactive Java Introduction to JShell: Java 9’s REPL for Interactive Java......Page 2850
25.1 Introduction......Page 2854
25.2 Installing JDK 9......Page 2860
25.3 Introduction to JShell......Page 2861
25.4 Command-Line Input in JShell......Page 2886
25.5 Declaring and Using Classes......Page 2890
25.6 Discovery with JShell Auto-Completion......Page 2900
25.7 Exploring a Class’s Members and Viewing Documentation Exploring a Class’s Members and Viewing Documentation......Page 2905
25.8 Declaring Methods......Page 2918
25.9 Exceptions......Page 2924
25.10 Importing Classes and Adding Packages to the CLASSPATH......Page 2926
25.11 Using an External Editor......Page 2932
25.12 Summary of JShell Commands......Page 2937
25.13 Keyboard Shortcuts for Snippet Editing......Page 2949
25.14 How JShell Reinterprets Java for Interactive Use......Page 2951
25.15 IDE JShell Support......Page 2952
25.16 Wrap-Up......Page 2953
Self-Review Exercises......Page 2955
Answers to Self-Review Exercises......Page 3282
Chapters on the Web......Page 2963
A Operator Precedence Chart......Page 2964
B ASCII Character Set......Page 2966
C Keywords and Reserved Words......Page 2968
D Primitive Types......Page 2970
Notes......Page 2972
E Using the Debugger......Page 2973
E.1 Introduction......Page 2975
E.2 Breakpoints and the run, stop, cont and print Commands......Page 2976
E.3 The print and set Commands......Page 2984
E.4 Controlling Execution Using the step, step up and next Commands......Page 2988
E.5 The watch Command......Page 2993
E.6 The clear Command......Page 2998
E.7 Wrap-Up......Page 3003
Appendices on the Web......Page 3004
Index......Page 3005
Symbols......Page 3006
Numerics......Page 3010
A......Page 3011
B......Page 3022
C......Page 3029
D......Page 3058
E......Page 3066
F......Page 3074
G......Page 3085
H......Page 3092
I......Page 3095
J......Page 3109
K......Page 3125
L......Page 3128
M......Page 3136
N......Page 3144
O......Page 3148
P......Page 3155
Q......Page 3170
R......Page 3171
S......Page 3182
T......Page 3207
U......Page 3218
V......Page 3221
W......Page 3224
X......Page 3228
Y......Page 3229
Z......Page 3230
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS FROM RECENT EDITIONS REVIEWERS......Page 3231