Jatin Shah's Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology

Cover
Jatin Shah\'s Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
Acknowledgments
Dedication
1 Introduction
	Etiology
	Global Epidemiology
	Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer Biology: Overview
	Genetic Predisposition to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
	Molecular Subtypes of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
	Genetic Alterations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
	Biology of Human Papilloma Virus–Associated Head and Neck Cancers
	Precision Medicine and Immunotherapy
	Evaluation
	Staging of Head and Neck Cancer
	Radiographic Imaging
	Biopsy and Tissue Diagnosis
	Frozen-Section Analysis
	Tissue Processing and Pathology
	Selection of Therapy
	Surgery
	Radiation Therapy
	Chemotherapy
	Posttreatment Management
		Rehabilitation and Lifestyle Modification
		Posttreatment Surveillance
	Outcomes
2 Basic Principles of Head and Neck Surgery
	Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation
		Patient Education and Informed Consent
		Initiation of Preventive Measures
		Medical Optimization
		Preoperative Considerations for Postoperative Management
	Intraoperative Management
		Hair Removal
		Operating Room Setup
		Setup for General Open Head and Neck Operations
		Setup for Endoscopic Surgery
		Setup for Robotic Surgery
		Setup for Two-Team Craniofacial Surgical Procedures
		Setup for Simultaneous Operations for Resection and Reconstruction With Two or More Surgical Teams
		Intravenous Access
		Intraoperative Monitoring
		Antibiotics
		Anesthesia
		Endotracheal Intubation
		Nerve Monitoring
		Blood Pressure Maintenance
		Muscle Relaxation
		Position and Draping
		Eye Care
	Basic Surgical Technique
		Surgical Incision
		Surgical Procedure
		Energy Devices
		Wound Closure
		Salvage Surgery
		Surgical Drains
	Postoperative Management
		Infection Control
		Management of the Surgical Site and Drains
		Pain Control
		Airway Management
		Nutrition
		Rehabilitation
3 Scalp and Skin
	Evaluation
		Basal Cell Carcinomas
		Squamous Cell Carcinomas
		Melanoma
		Adnexal Tumors
		Merkel Cell Carcinoma
		Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
		Angiosarcoma
	Selection of Treatment
	Nonsurgical Management
		Topical Therapy
		Radiation Therapy
	Surgical Management
		Surgical Anatomy
		Principles of Surgical Treatment
	Procedures
		Excision and Primary Closure Along Facial Skin Lines
		Excision Tumor of the Scalp and Reconstruction With Split-Thickness Skin Graft
		Advancement Rotation Flap
		Free Flap Reconstruction of the Scalp Defect
		Excision Lesions on the Nose and Reconstruction of Surgical Defects
			Full-Thickness Skin Graft
			Lateral Aspect of the Nose
			Tip of the Nose
		Excision of Lesions and Reconstruction of Defects on the Nose With Local Flaps
			Glabellar “Z” Plasty
			Glabellar Flap
			Sliding Rotation Degloving Nasal Flap
			Nasolabial Flap
				Inferiorly Based Nasolabial Flap.
				Superiorly Based Nasolabial Flap.
				Superiorly Based Nasolabial Flap for Reconstruction of the Ala.
				Nasolabial Flap Reconstruction for Through-and-Through Defect of the Alar Region.
		Rhinectomy and Reconstruction
		Rhinectomy and Nasal Prosthesis
		Rhomboid Flap
			Rhomboid Flap Reconstruction of a Lateral Nasal Defect
			Rhomboid Flap Repair for a Defect of the Cheek
			Mustardé Advancement Rotation Cheek Flap
			Bilobed Flap
			Cervical Flap
		Cervical Flap Reconstruction of Preauricular Skin and a Soft Tissue Defect
		Free Flaps in Facial Reconstruction
			Excision and Repair of a Large Defect of Facial Skin With a Radial Forearm Free Flap
			Repair of a Through-and-Through Defect of the Nose With an Osteocutaneous Radial Forearm Free Flap
		Extensive Resections for Advanced Skin Cancers of the Face
			Excision of Tumors of the Ear
				Surgical Anatomy.
			Excision and Full-Thickness Skin Graft for Cutaneous Malignancies of the Skin of the External Ear
			Wedge Excision of the External Ear
4 Eyelids and Orbit
	Evaluation
	Benign Neoplasms
	Malignant Neoplasms
		Cutaneous Malignancies
		Glandular Malignancies
		Intraocular Tumors
		Orbital Tumors
		Other Tumors Invading the Orbit
	Treatment
		Radiation Therapy
		Surgical Treatment
			Surgical Anatomy
		Surgery for Eyelid Tumors
			Excision of a Carcinoma of the Skin of the Upper Eyelid.
			Full-Thickness Resection and Reconstruction of the Upper Eyelid.
			Excision of a Carcinoma of the Skin of the Lower Eyelid.
			Excision of Skin Cancer at the Medial Aspect of the Lower Eyelid.
			Excision of Skin Cancer Involving the Medial Canthus.
			“V” Excision of the Lower Eyelid.
			Full-Thickness Resection and Reconstruction of the Lateral Canthus and the Lower Eyelid.
			Radical Resection of the Lower Eyelid and Reconstruction With a Mustardé Flap.
			Surgery for Orbital Tumors
				Surgical Approaches.
				Excision of a Hemangioma of the Orbit.
				Resection of a Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Sac and Reconstruction With a Glabellar Flap.
				Radical Resection for a Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Lacrimal System and Reconstruction With a Free Flap.
				Orbital Exenteration.
				Orbital Exenteration With Medial Maxillectomy.
				Cranioorbital-Zygomatic Resection With Exenteration.
			Rehabilitation of Paralyzed Eyelids
				Gold Weight Implant.
				Lateral Tarsorrhaphy.
				Lateral Canthoplasty.
			Nasolacrimal Duct Stent for Obstruction
	Postoperative Care and Complications
5 Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
	Evaluation
		Radiographic Evaluation
		Biopsy
	Benign Neoplasms
	Malignant Neoplasms
	Selection of Treatment
	Nonsurgical Treatment
	Surgical Treatment
		Anatomy
		Preoperative Preparation
		Anesthesia and Position
		Surgical Approaches
			Lateral Rhinotomy
			Open Medial Maxillectomy
				Postoperative Care.
			Endoscopic Medial Maxillectomy
				Postoperative Care.
			Endonasal Endoscopic Resection of Angiofibroma
			Nasal Exenteration and Partial Rhinectomy for Carcinoma of the Nasal Septum
			Nasal Exenteration and Total Rhinectomy
			Peroral Partial Maxillectomy (Infrastructure Maxillectomy)
			Subtotal Maxillectomy
			Postoperative Care
			Total Maxillectomy
				Postoperative Care.
			Total Maxillectomy With Orbital Exenteration
			Total Maxillectomy With Orbital Exenteration and Reconstruction With Free Tissue Transfer
	Results of Treatment
6 Skull Base
	Evaluation
		Radiographic Workup
	Treatment
	Surgical Treatment
		Indications and Contraindications for Open Craniofacial Resection
		Preoperative Preparation
		Surgical Approaches
		Surgical Procedures
			Surgical Techniques for Tumors Involving the Skull Base of the Anterior Cranial Fossa
				Craniofacial Resection for an Esthesioneuroblastoma.
				Technical Variations in Craniofacial Resection for Tumors Involving the Anterior Skull Base.
					Incisions.
					Craniotomy.
					Craniofacial Resection with Craniectomy.
					Dura.
						Total Ethmoidectomy Through an Intracranial or Endonasal Approach Alone.
		Endonasal, Endoscopic Resection of Tumor of the Anterior Skull Base
			Facial Disassembly
			Skull Base Defect Reconstruction
				Reconstruction With Composite Free Flaps.
			Craniofacial Resection for Locally Advanced Skin Cancer
		Resection of Tumors Involving the Skull Base of the Middle Cranial Fossa
			The Infratemporal Fossa
				Maxillary Swing for Tumors of the Infratemporal Fossa.
				Maxillary Swing for a Chondrosarcoma of the Infratemporal Fossa.
				Mandibulotomy Approach to the Infratemporal Fossa.
			Technical Variations in Surgery of the Skull Base at the Middle Cranial Fossa
				Resection of a Chondroblastic Tumor of the Temporomandibular Joint Involving the Middle Cranial Fossa.
		Temporal Bone Resection
		Resection of a Glomus Jugulare Tumor
		Resection of a Neurogenic Tumor Involving the Base of the Posterior Cranial Fossa
	Postoperative Care
		Neuromonitoring
		Antibiotics
		Nasolacrimal Drainage
		Wound Care
		Airway
		Other Postoperative Care
	Outcomes
7 Lips
	Evaluation
		Imaging
	Treatment
		Factors Affecting Choice of Treatment
	Radiation Therapy
	Surgical Treatment
		Surgical Anatomy
		Surgical Approaches
		Procedures
			Lower Lip
				V Excision of the Lower Lip.
				Lip Shave.
				Lip Shave Operation With V Excision for Carcinoma of the Lower Lip.
				Lower Lip Resection and Reconstruction With an Abbe-Estlander Flap.
				Lower Lip Resection at the Commissure and Reconstruction With an Abbe-Estlander Flap.
				Karapandzic Flap Repair.
				Bernard Reconstruction of the Lower Lip.
				Composite Resection of the Lower Lip, Chin, and Anterior Arch of the Mandible With Free Flap Reconstruction.
				Composite Resection of the Lower Lip With Segmental Mandibulectomy and Free Flap Reconstruction.
			Upper Lip
				Nasolabial Flap Repair for the Upper Lip.
				Resection and Reconstruction of the Upper Lip With Unilateral Burrows Triangle Repair.
				Bilateral Burrows Triangle Repair of the Upper Lip.
			Oral Commissure
				Secondary Reconstruction of the Oral Commissure.
			Paralysis of the Lip
				Reconstruction of the Paralyzed Lip.
				Static Reconstruction.
				Dynamic Reconstruction.
	Outcomes
8 Oral Cavity
	Evaluation
		Imaging
		Pathology
	Treatment
	Surgical Treatment
		Preoperative Preparation
		Anesthesia and Position
		Surgical Anatomy
	Surgical Approaches
		Transoral Robotic Surgery
		Peroral Laser Excision of Leukoplakia
		Partial Glossectomy
		Near Total Peroral Glossectomy
			Excision of a Tumor of the Floor of the Mouth and Reconstruction With a Full-Thickness Skin Graft
			Paramedian Mandibulotomy for Resection of Cancer of the Tongue
		Median Labiomandibular Glossotomy (Trotter’s Operation)
		Mandible Resection in the Management of Oral Cancer
		Peroral Marginal Mandibulectomy and Primary Closure
		Marginal Mandibulectomy and Skin Graft Reconstruction
		Marginal Mandibulectomy and Primary Vestibuloplasty With a Skin Graft
		Marginal Mandibulectomy in an Edentulous Patient
		Marginal Mandibulectomy of the Retromolar Area in a Dentate Patient
		Segmental Mandibulectomy
			Segmental Mandibulectomy With Neck Dissection (Commando Operation)
		Segmental Mandibulectomy and Reconstruction With a Fibula Free Flap
		Dental Implants in the Reconstructed Mandible
		Peroral Partial Maxillectomy
		Partial Maxillectomy Through an Upper Cheek Flap Approach
		Immediate Reconstruction of the Maxillectomy Defect
	Postoperative Care
	Outcomes
9 Pharynx and Esophagus
	Staging
	Evaluation
		Radiographic Evaluation
		Pathologic Evaluation
			Nasopharynx
			Oropharynx
			Hypopharynx
	Treatment
		Factors Affecting Choice of Treatment
	Surgical Treatment
		Surgical Anatomy
			Nasopharynx
			Oropharynx
			Hypopharynx
	Surgical Approaches
		Nasopharynx
		Oropharynx
		Hypopharynx
	Open Surgical Procedures for the Nasopharynx
		Transpalatal Excision of a Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
			Postoperative Care
		Transpalatal Resection of a Nasopharyngeal Tumor
		Excision of a Large Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Through a Medial Maxillectomy Approach
		Maxillary Swing for Excision of a Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
	Surgical Procedures for the Oropharynx
		Excision of a Benign Mixed Tumor of the Minor Salivary Glands of the Soft Palate
		Resection for Carcinoma of the Tonsil
			Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) Tonsillectomy
			Composite Resection for Recurrent Tonsil Carcinoma
		Resection of the Base of the Tongue via Mandibulotomy
			Mandibulotomy for Resection of the Base of the Tongue With a Supraglottic Partial Laryngectomy
	Surgical Procedures for the Hypopharynx
		Transhyoid Partial Pharyngectomy
		Partial Pharyngectomy and Reconstruction With a Radial Forearm Free Flap
		Partial Laryngopharyngectomy
			Pharyngolaryngectomy and Reconstruction With Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap
			Total Pharyngolaryngectomy and Reconstruction With a Jejunal Free Flap
			Pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and Reconstruction With Gastric Transposition
		Resection of Zenker’s Diverticulum
	Results of Treatment for Cancer of the Pharynx
10 Larynx and Trachea
	Evaluation
		Imaging
	Treatment
		Factors Affecting Choice of Treatment
	Surgical Treatment
		Surgical Anatomy
		Preoperative Preparation
		Direct Laryngoscopy and Suspension Microlaryngoscopy
		Endolaryngeal Microsurgery—Excision of a Vocal Cord Polyp
		Endolaryngeal Microsurgery—Excision of Keratosis of the Vocal Cord With the Hydrodissection Technique
		Transoral Endoscopic Laser Surgery for Larynx Cancer
		Open Conservation Surgery for Glottic Cancer
			Vertical (Anterolateral) Partial Laryngectomy (Hemilaryngectomy) for Recurrent Carcinoma of the Vocal Cord
			Vertical Partial Laryngectomy (Anterior) for an Anterior Commissure Lesion
			Supracricoid Subtotal Laryngectomy With Cricohyoidoepiglottopexy
		Open Conservation Surgery for Supraglottic Cancer
			Supraglottic (Horizontal) Partial Laryngectomy
		Wide-Field Total Laryngectomy
		Salvage Total Laryngectomy
		Surgery for Subglottic Stenosis
		Tracheal Tumors
			Tracheal Resection for Tumors
			Resection of Parastomal Recurrence
			Resection of Extensive Parastomal Recurrence With a Total Pharyngoesophagectomy
		Rehabilitation of a Paralyzed Vocal Cord
			Injection for Vocal Cord Medialization
			Laryngoplasty for Vocal Cord Medialization
		Voice Rehabilitation After Total Laryngectomy
			Secondary Tracheoesophageal Puncture
	Postoperative Care
	Outcomes
11 Cervical Lymph Nodes
	Lymphatics of the Head and Neck
		Level I
		Level II
		Level III
		Level IV
		Level V
		Level VI
		Level VII
	Patterns of Neck Metastasis
	Risk for Regional Metastasis
	Clinical Staging of Cervical Lymph Nodes (cN Staging)
	Pathologic Staging of Cervical Lymph Nodes (pN Staging)
	Other Nodal Factors Affecting Prognosis
	Evaluation
		Clinically Evident Metastasis With a Known Primary Tumor
		Clinically Evident Metastasis With an Occult Primary Tumor
		Clinically Negative Neck With a Known Primary Tumor
		Management of the Post–Chemoradiation Therapy Neck
	Radiographic Evaluation
	Pathologic Evaluation
	Treatment
	Surgical Treatment
		Classification of Neck Dissections
			Comprehensive Neck Dissection
			Selective Neck Dissection
		Preoperative Preparation
	Procedures
		Sentinel Node Mapping
	Selective Neck Dissections
		Supraomohyoid Neck Dissection
		Extended Supraomohyoid Neck Dissection
		Jugular Node Dissection
		Central Compartment Node Dissection
		Posterolateral Neck Dissection
	Comprehensive Neck Dissections
		Modified Neck Dissection Type I
			MND-I Through a Single Transverse Incision
		Modified Neck Dissection Type II
		Modified Neck Dissection Type III
		Classical Radical Neck Dissection
		Extended Radical Neck Dissections
			Extended Radical Neck Dissection With Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection
	Results of Treatment
12 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
	Benign Thyroid Nodules
	Neoplasms of Follicular Cell Origin
	Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
	Evaluation: Work Up and Staging
		Neoplasms of Follicular Cell Origin
		Medullary Thyroid Cancer
			Staging
	Radiographic Evaluation
	Pathology
	Treatment
	Surgical Treatment
		Neoplasms of Follicular Cell Origin
		Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
	Surgical Anatomy
	Procedures
		Minimally Invasive, Endoscopic/Video-Assisted, and Remote Access/Robotic Techniques of Thyroidectomy
			Minimally Invasive Thyroidectomy
			Minimally Invasive Endoscopic or Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy
			Remote Access Robotic Thyroidectomy
		Excision of the Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
		Thyroid Lobectomy
		Resection of a Large Goiter With Tracheal Compression
		Resection of a Retrosternal Goiter
		Resection of a Massive Retrosternal Goiter
		Regional Lymph Node Dissection
		Central Compartment Node Dissection
		Total Thyroidectomy With Comprehensive Modified Neck Dissection Type III
		Mediastinal Node Dissection
		Surgery for Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
		Invasion of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
		Invasion of the Larynx
		Invasion of Cricotracheal Region
		Invasion of the Trachea
		Invasion of the Pharynx and Esophagus
		Invasion of the Carotid Artery
	2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines and Shifting Paradigms
		Postoperative Surveillance and Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer of the Thyroid
	Outcomes
		Medullary Carcinoma
		The Parathyroid Glands
	Evaluation
		Radiographic Imaging (Localization)
	Treatment
	Surgical Anatomy
		Minimally Invasive or Focused Parathyroidectomy
		Surgical Excision of a Parathyroid Adenoma: Four-Gland Exploration
		Reexploration for Persistent Hyperparathyroidism
		Parathyroidectomy for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome
		Resection of a Parathyroid Carcinoma
	Postoperative Care and Complications
13 Salivary Glands
	Evaluation
		Radiographic Evaluation
	Pathology
		Pleomorphic Adenoma (Mixed Tumor)
		Warthin’s Tumor (Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum)
		Oncocytoma
		Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
		Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
		Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma
		Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma
		Acinic Cell Carcinoma
		Secretory Carcinoma
		Salivary Duct Carcinoma
		Myoepithelial Carcinoma
	Treatment
		Factors Affecting Choice of Treatment
	Surgical Treatment
		Surgical Anatomy
		Preoperative Preparation
		Excision of the Submandibular Salivary Gland for Infection, Calculus, or Tumor
		Excision of a Lipoma of the Parotid Gland
		Superficial Parotidectomy for a Benign Mixed Tumor
		Excision of a Superficial Lobe Parotid Tumor With Extension to the Deep Lobe
		Excision of a Mixed Tumor Deep to the Facial Nerve
		Excision of a Deep Lobe Parotid Tumor
		Excision of a Deep Lobe Parotid Tumor in the Parapharyngeal Space
		Excision of Hemangioma of the Deep Lobe of the Parotid
		Excision of an Accessory Parotid Tumor
		Excision of Accessory Parotid Tumor Without Superficial Parotidectomy
		Excision of a Warthin’s Tumor of the Parotid Gland
		Surgery for Chronic Cystic Parotitis
		Excision of a Recurrent Mixed Tumor (Pleomorphic Adenoma) of the Parotid Gland
		Total Parotidectomy for Multifocal Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma Involving Both Superficial and Deep Lobes of the Parotid Gland
		Radical Parotidectomy With Resection of the Facial Nerve and Nerve Graft
		Radical Resection for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland
		Radical Parotidectomy With Neck Dissection for a High-Grade Carcinoma
		Retrograde Dissection of the Facial Nerve
		Radical Resection for a Recurrent Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland With Sleeve Resection of the Auditory Canal and a Radical Mastoidectomy
		Radical Parotidectomy With Temporal Bone Resection and Amputation of the External Ear
		Rehabilitation of the Paralyzed Face
	Results of Treatment
		Factors Predictive of Outcome
		Nomograms Predictive of Outcome
14 Neurogenic Tumors and Paragangliomas
	Neurogenic Tumors
		Paragangliomas
	Clinical Features and Diagnosis
	Radiographic Evaluation
	Treatment
	Nonsurgical Treatment
		Observation
		Radiotherapy
		Medical Management
	Surgical Treatment
		Schwannomas and Neurofibromas
		Paragangliomas
		Preoperative Preparation
		Excision of a Carotid Body Tumor (Shamblin Type II)
		Excision of a Carotid Body Tumor (Shamblin Type III)
		Excision of a Malignant Carotid Body Tumor
		Excision of a Paraganglioma of the Vagus Nerve (Glomus Intravagale)
		Excision of a Paraganglioma of the Superior Mediastinum
		Excision of a Schwannoma of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve
		Excision of a Schwannoma of the Facial Nerve
		Excision of a Facial Nerve Schwannoma With Nerve Repair
		Excision of Schwannomas of Lower Cranial Nerves
		Schwannoma of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve
		Excision of a Schwannoma of the Vagus Nerve
		Excision of Schwannoma of the Vagus Nerve in the Cervicothoracic Region
		Excision of a Schwannoma of the Hypoglossal Nerve
		Excision of a Schwannoma of the Sympathetic Chain
		Multiple Neurofibromas of the Cranial Nerves
		Excision of a Dumbbell Neurofibroma of the Cervical Region
	Postoperative Care
15 Soft Tissue Tumors
	Evaluation
	Radiographic Evaluation
	Biopsy
	Staging
	Factors Affecting Choice of Treatment
	Role of Radiotherapy
	Preoperative Preparation
	Tumors of Adipose Tissue
		Lipoma of the Neck
		Low-Grade Liposarcoma (or Atypical Lipomatous Tumor) of the Hypopharynx
	Tumors of Fibrous Tissue
		Fibromas and Benign Fibrous Tissue Tumors
		Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
		Excision of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of Scalp and Reconstruction With a Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Free Flap and Skin Graft
		Fibroosseous Lesion of the Neck (Gardner’s Syndrome)
		Solitary Fibrous Tumor (Hemangiopericytoma) of the Occipital Region
		Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma)
		Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Nasolabial Region
		Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Zygomatic Region
		Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Pterygomaxillary Region
	Fibrosarcomas of the Cervical Region
		Low-Grade Fibrosarcoma
		Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
		High-Grade Fibrosarcoma
	Tumors of Vascular Origin
		Capillary and Cavernous Hemangiomas
		Capillary and Cavernous Hemangiomas in Adults
		Hemangioma of the Submental Region
		Intermuscular Hemangioma
		Intramuscular Hemangioma of the Masseter Muscle
		Hemangioma of the Parotid Gland
		Massive Recurrent Hemangioma of the Chin
		Angiosarcomas of the Skin
	Tumors of Lymphatic Origin
		Cystic Hygroma in a Child
		Lymphangioma in an Adult
	Tumors of Smooth Muscle
		Leiomyoma of the Cervical Esophagus
	Tumors of Striated Muscle
		Benign Rhabdomyoma
		Rhabdomyosarcoma
	Tumors of Nerve Cell Origin
		Neurofibromas
		Schwannoma of the Cervical Plexus
		Schwannoma of the Brachial Plexus
	Miscellaneous Soft-Tissue Tumors
		Synovial Sarcoma of the Pharyngeal Wall
		Cervical Chordoma
	Outcomes
16 Bone Tumors and Odontogenic Lesions
	Evaluation
		Clinical Evaluation
		Imaging
		Pathology
		Odontogenic Tumors
	Treatment
		Principles and Goals of Treatment
		Preoperative Preparation
		Tumors of the Calvarium
		Hemangioma of the Frontal Bone
		Sarcoma of the Frontal Bone
		Metastatic Tumor to the Calvarium
		Tumors of the Facial Skeleton and Paranasal Sinuses
		Osteoma of the Facial Skeleton
		Ossifying Fibroma of the Ethmoid
		Hemangioma of the Nasal Bone
		Osteogenic Sarcoma of the Ethmoid
		Low-Grade Chondrosarcoma of the Nasal Cavity
		High-Grade Chondrosarcoma of the Orbit
		Benign Tumors of the Maxilla
		Giant Cell Granuloma
		Low-Grade Chondrosarcoma of the Premaxilla
		Myxoma of the Maxilla
		Osteogenic Sarcoma of the Maxilla
		Tumors of the Mandible
		Ossifying Fibroma of the Mandible
		Low-Grade Osteogenic Sarcoma of the Mandible
		High-Grade Osteogenic Sarcoma of the Mandible
		Chondrosarcoma of the Mandible
		Ameloblastoma of the Mandible
		Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors
		Odontogenic Cyst of the Upper Alveolus
		Odontogenic Keratocyst of the Mandible
		Dentigerous Cyst
		Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma
		Cementifying Fibroma
		Surgical Access to Cervical Vertebral Bodies
		Surgical Approach to the Craniocervical Junction and Upper Cervical Vertebrae
		Surgical Approach to Midcervical Vertebrae
		Surgical Approach to Lower Cervical and Upper Thoracic Vertebrae
		Miscellaneous Bone Tumors
			Extraosseous Osteogenic Sarcoma
	Results of Treatment
17 Reconstructive Surgery
	Anatomic Considerations
		Scalp, Skin, and Soft Tissues of the Face and Neck
		Paranasal Sinuses, Orbit, and Skull Base
		Oral Cavity
		Pharynx
	Reconstruction With Skin Grafts
	Reconstruction With Cutaneous Flaps
		Regional Cutaneous Flaps
			Cervical Flap
				Reconstruction of a Preauricular Skin Defect.
				Posterior Cervical Flap (Mutter Flap).
			Deltopectoral Flap
	Reconstruction With Myocutaneous Flaps
		Resurfacing of a Large Skin and Soft-Tissue Defect of the Neck.
		Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap in Radiated Tissues.
		Trapezius Myocutaneous Flap
	Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer
		Radial Forearm Free Flap Reconstruction of Skin and Soft Tissues of the Face
		Reconstruction of Skin and Soft Tissues With a Rectus Abdominis Free Flap
		Scalp Reconstruction With a Rectus Abdominis Free Flap or Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap
		Other Applications of the Rectus Abdominis Free Flap
		Scalp Reconstruction With a Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap
		Reconstruction Using an Anterolateral Thigh Flap
	Reconstruction of the Mandible
		Reconstruction With Radial Forearm Osteocutaneous Free Flap
		Reconstruction With Scapula Free Flap
		Reconstruction With an Iliac Crest Free Flap
		Reconstruction With the Fibula Free Flap
		Osseointegrated Implants in a Reconstructed Mandible
		Reconstruction of the Maxilla With CAD-CAM Design for Fibula Free Flap
18 Oncologic Dentistry, Maxillofacial Prosthetics, and Implants
	Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Radiation and/or Chemotherapy
	Management of Long-Term Adverse Effects of Radiation Therapy
	Maxillofacial Prosthetics
		Maxillary Defects and Obturators
		Soft Palate Defects and Speech Bulb Prostheses
		Palatal Augmentation Prostheses for Defects of the Tongue
	Mandibular Defects
	Rehabilitation of Facial Defects
	Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing for Modeling and Prosthesis Fabrication
19 Radiation Therapy
	Radiobiology
		Teletherapy (External Beam Radiation Therapy)
		Fractionation
		Dose, Ports, and Beam-Modifying Devices
		Brachytherapy
	Pretreatment Requisites
		Patient Evaluation and Prevention of Complications
		Simulation
	Treatment Intent
		Curative
		Palliative
	Treatment Selection
		Preoperative Radiation Therapy
		Definitive Radiation Therapy
			Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
			Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas
		Postoperative Radiation Therapy
		Reirradiation
	Care of the Patient During Radiation Therapy
	Sequelae, Complications of Radiation Therapy, and Posttreatment Follow-Up
		Acute Sequelae
		Late Sequelae
	Glossary of Radiation Terminology
		Terminology/Definition
20 Systemic Therapy
	Active Cytotoxic Agents in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
	Induction Chemotherapy
	Primary Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiation
	Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
	Systematic Therapy For Recurrent and/or Metastatic Disease: Chemotherapy, Targeted Agents, and Immunotherapy
	Acute Toxicity and Long-Term Sequelae
	Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
	Future Directions
	Systemic Therapy for Recurrent/Metastatic, Radioiodine-Refractory Follicular Cell–Derived Thyroid Cancer