Isotopes and Chemical Principles

Title Page......Page 1
Half Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
ACS Symposium Series......Page 5
FOREWORD......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 7
IN MEMORIUM......Page 11
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
Introduction......Page 14
Stern-Lindemann Formulation of Vapor Pressure Isotope Effect......Page 15
Urey-Rittenberg Formulation of Isotope Exchange Equilibria......Page 18
Reduced Partition Function Ratio of Bigeleisen and Mayer......Page 22
Isotope Chemistry and Molecular Forces......Page 29
Literature Cited......Page 40
Atomic Spectra......Page 42
Diatomic Molecule Spectra......Page 43
The Spectra of Small Polyatomic Molecules......Page 45
Hydrogen Bonding Studies.......Page 50
Ionic Solvation.......Page 52
Literature Cited.......Page 53
Introduction......Page 57
Tunneling in Chemical Reactions......Page 58
Tunneling and Kinetic Isotope Effects......Page 62
Conclusion: What About Chemical Principles?......Page 74
Literature Cited......Page 75
Introduction......Page 77
Theory......Page 78
Calculations......Page 82
Conclusions......Page 88
Literature Cited......Page 89
5 Isotope Separation Processes......Page 90
Electromagnetic Separators......Page 91
Thermal Diffusion......Page 92
Uranium Enrichment by Gaseous Diffusion......Page 96
Deuterium Enrichment by Exchange and Distillation......Page 101
Photochemical Isotope Separation Processes......Page 107
Literature Cited......Page 112
A. Introduction......Page 114
B. A Physical Picture......Page 116
C. Functional Forms......Page 117
D. Specific Examples of VPIE Studies......Page 122
E. Recent Work In Our Laboratory: Aqueous Solvent Effects......Page 132
Literature Cited.......Page 141
I. Introduction......Page 144
II.a. Experimental Results for Lithium-Isotope-Exchange Reactions.......Page 145
II.b. Experimental Results for Hydrogen-Isotope-Exchange Reactions.......Page 151
II.c. Gas-Phase Reactions. Gas-phase, hydrogen-isotope-exchangereactions, for example......Page 155
II.d. Calcium-Isotope-Exchange Reactions.......Page 157
III.a. Isotope-Exchange Reactions as a Probe for the Study of Ion Solvation.......Page 159
III.b. Evaluation of Partition-Function Ratios for Isotopic Solids.......Page 161
III.c. Evaluation of Partition-Function Ratios for Isotopic Solute Species. The Symmetric Solvent Case.......Page 167
Ill.d. Evaluation of Partition-Function Ratios for Isotopic Solute Species. The Asymmetric Solvent Case.......Page 170
Literature Cited......Page 173
Introduction......Page 176
Primary Isotope Effects......Page 177
Secondary Isotope Effects......Page 185
Literature Cited......Page 196
I. Introduction......Page 197
II. Deuterium......Page 198
III. Biological Effects of Carbon-13......Page 206
IV. Nitrogen-15......Page 210
V. Biological Effects of Multiple Isotope Substitution......Page 211
Literature Cited......Page 216
C......Page 219
E......Page 220
I......Page 221
M......Page 222
R......Page 223
T......Page 224
Z......Page 225