Island Arcs, Deep Sea Trenches and Back-Arc Basins

Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Preface......Page 5
Maurice Ewing......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Basic Unsolved Problems......Page 10
Features of Trench-are-back ARC Systems As Present Day Manifestations of Pacific-type Orogeny......Page 11
Thermal Regime of T-a-ba Systems......Page 15
Possible Effects of Subduction Rate......Page 16
Possible Origin of Marginal Seas and The Evolution of the Western Paciffic......Page 18
References......Page 21
Pre-cenozoic Tectonics......Page 24
Java Trench Subduction System......Page 26
Banda Arc......Page 30
Complex Arcs of the Northern Indonesian Region......Page 35
Overview......Page 37
References......Page 39
Orogenic Basins......Page 41
Forearc Basins and Subduction Complexes......Page 42
Foreland Basins and Remnant Oceans......Page 44
Retroarc Basins and Fold-Thrust Belts......Page 46
References......Page 47
Introduction......Page 49
Seismic Reflectors in the Vicinity of the Muertos Trench......Page 51
Discussion......Page 56
References......Page 63
Forces......Page 65
Observations......Page 67
References......Page 69
Introduction......Page 71
Talkeetna Arc and Uyak-mchugh Complex: Late Triassic to Late Jurassic......Page 72
Gravina-nutzotin Arc And Baranof-yakutat Complex: Early to Mid Cretaceous......Page 76
Iliamna-mckinley Arc And Shumagin-valdez Complex: Late Cretaceous to Paleocene......Page 77
Summary and Discussion......Page 79
References......Page 81
Results......Page 83
Principal Conclusions......Page 95
Appendix Description of Data Acquisition and Processing System......Page 96
References......Page 100
Introduction......Page 102
Major Segmentation of Subduction Zones: Composite Cross-sections......Page 103
Comparison of Sections: Downwards Bending of the Descending Lithosphere......Page 110
Three-dimensional View: Relationship of Arc Segmentation to Structures in the Converging Plates......Page 113
References......Page 115
Modified Subduction......Page 118
Scarps, Ridges and Deep-Sea Terraces as Indicators of Seismic-tsunamic Source Regions......Page 122
Summary and Conclusions......Page 123
References......Page 124
Introduction......Page 126
Transition Zone Chemistry......Page 127
Inversion Scheme for Computing in Situ Velocities......Page 129
Data......Page 130
Bias......Page 131
Engdahl's Results......Page 133
Fine Structure of Deep Seismic Zones......Page 134
Concluding Remarks......Page 136
References......Page 137
Introduction.......Page 140
The Sea of Japan......Page 142
The Sea of Okhotsk......Page 144
The Bering Sea......Page 145
Philippine Sea......Page 147
South China, Sulu and Celebes Seas......Page 151
Southwestern Pacific......Page 153
Summary......Page 154
Heat Flow Versus Depth......Page 156
The Source of High Heat Below Back-arc Basins......Page 159
References......Page 160
Introduction......Page 165
Summary of Characteristics of Great Earthquakes Along the Circum Pacific Belt......Page 166
Seismic and Aseismic Slip......Page 167
Model of Plate Coupling and Decoupling......Page 170
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 173
References......Page 174
Outward Growth of the Accretionary Prism......Page 177
Vertical Displacements on the Upper Trench Slope......Page 179
Forward Edge of the Upper Trench Slope......Page 180
Conclusions......Page 184
References......Page 186
Laboratory Models and Theory......Page 188
Cascadia Basin Example......Page 190
Possible Effects of Anisotropy......Page 193
The Nongravitational Origin of Trench-Slope Structure......Page 195
References......Page 198
Introduction......Page 200
Trench and Abyssal Plain Sequences--Incidental Relation to Deformed Inner Slope Sedimentary Masses......Page 202
Oceanic Pelagic Deposits--abundant on Oceanic Crust But Uncommon in Pacific Fold Belts......Page 203
Pelagic Deposits in Pacific Fold Belts--age Equivalent With Associated Terrigenous Units......Page 204
Pacific Abyssal Plains--form Only in Special Areas and Commonly Include Abundant Pelagic Beds......Page 205
Pacific Fold Belts--Many not Underlain by Sub-Duction Complexes......Page 206
Overview and Concluding Remarks......Page 207
References......Page 208
Geologic Setting......Page 212
Seismic Reflection Data......Page 214
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 218
References......Page 221
Introduction......Page 223
Plate-motion Constraints......Page 224
Model of Ridge Subduction......Page 225
Tests of the Model......Page 228
References......Page 229
Isotopic and Trace Element Evidence of Sediment And Sea Water Contamination of Aleutian Magma Sources......Page 231
A Melting-mixing Model for the Genesis of Aleutian Basalts......Page 235
Summary and Conclusions......Page 238
References......Page 242
Data......Page 245
Discussion......Page 252
Conclusions......Page 258
References......Page 259
Amchitka Data......Page 261
Amchitka Seismicity......Page 262
Other Amchitka Studies......Page 265
Adak Seismicity......Page 267
Discussion......Page 270
References......Page 272
Local Tectonic Setting......Page 274
Gravity And Bathymetry Data......Page 275
Seismic Profiler Data......Page 276
Structure of the Margin......Page 278
References......Page 284
Introduction......Page 286
Criteria for Recognition of Subduction Processes
......Page 287
Geologic Setting of the Coastal Region and Margin......Page 289
Morphology and Structure of the Peru-Chile Margin......Page 290
Discussion......Page 297
References......Page 300
Regional Geological Setting......Page 303
Metallogeny of the Kyongsang Basin and Adjoining Areas
......Page 304
Metallogenic Comparison with Southwest Japan
......Page 306
Reconstructions of South Korea and Japan
......Page 307
References......Page 309
Petrochemical Characteristics......Page 311
Role of Water in Development of Orogenic Volcanic Series
......Page 312
Petrogenesis - General Considerations......Page 314
Partial Melting of the Mantle Under Hydrous Conditions
......Page 315
Partial Melting of Subducted Oceanic Crust
......Page 319
Petrogenetic Synthesis......Page 320
References......Page 322
Crustal Compositions......Page 325
Archean Sedimentary Rock REE Patterns
......Page 326
Archean Igneous Rocks......Page 327
Summary and Discussion......Page 331
References......Page 334
Data from Indonesia
......Page 336
Data from the Northwest Pacific
......Page 340
References......Page 346
Comments on Cenozoic Explosive Volcanism Related to East and Southeast Asian ARCS......Page 347
References......Page 351
Reply......Page 352
References......Page 353
Introduction......Page 354
Geology of Marginal Basins
......Page 355
Petrologic Data......Page 356
Chemical Comparisons with Ocean Ridge Basalt
......Page 361
Chemical Comparisons with Ophiolites
......Page 362
References......Page 363
Introduction......Page 365
The South Sandwich Arc and the S. Sandwich Spreading Centre
......Page 366
The South Shetlands Island Arc and Bransfield Strait Marginal Basin
......Page 370
Mesozoic Marginal Basin Floor Ophiolites from S. Chile......Page 373
References......Page 374
Some Geological and Geophysical Characteristics of Marginal Basins
......Page 376
Formation and Evolution of Marginal Basins
......Page 380
Laboratory Measurements......Page 381
Numerical Simulation of Induced Convection
......Page 382
Induced Convection Beneath Continental Plateaus......Page 384
Conclusions......Page 387
Appendix......Page 388
References......Page 389
Basin Formation......Page 391
Destruction of the Basin
......Page 394
Discussion......Page 399
References......Page 400
Introduction......Page 402
Stratigraphy and Sediment Provenance
......Page 404
Composition of the Basalts
......Page 406
Structure and Deformation
......Page 407
Reconstruction and Present Day Analogues
......Page 409
Discussion and Conclusions
......Page 410
References......Page 412
Magnetic Anomaly Data......Page 414
Tectonic Fabric......Page 417
Discussion......Page 419
References......Page 421
Magnetic Anomaly Data......Page 423
Proposed Tectonic History......Page 426
Conclusions......Page 429
References......Page 430
Introduction......Page 431
Gravity Data......Page 432
Magnetic Data......Page 433
Heat Flow......Page 435
Discussion......Page 436
Summary and Concluding Remarks
......Page 442
References......Page 443
Academy of Sciences Rise
......Page 445
K-ar Ages of the Dredged Rocks
......Page 446
Physical Properties of Dredged Rocks
......Page 449
Discussion......Page 454
References......Page 456
Development of Sedimentary Basins on the Lower Trench Slope
......Page 457
Abstract......Page 458
Note Added in Proof
......Page 459
Thin Elastic Plate Analysis of Outer Rises
......Page 460
Cenozoic Tectonics of East Asia
......Page 461