Islamic Mysticism: A Short History

Acknowledgements......Page 9
A Note on Transliteration......Page 11
List of Abbreviations......Page 13
Introduction......Page 15
The Name......Page 19
Assumptions and Goals......Page 22
The Archetypal Sufi: Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī......Page 24
The Accumulation of Ascetic and Mystical Lore......Page 27
ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Zayd......Page 30
Variety of Devotional Styles: Ibrāhīm Ibn Adham, Ibn al-Mubārak and Fuḍayl Ibn ʿIyāḍ......Page 32
The Love Mysticism of Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya......Page 40
The Formation of Mystical Language and Speculation: Shaqīq al-Balkhī......Page 46
Abū Sulaymān al-Dārānī and His Circle......Page 50
Dhū ’l-Nūn al-Miṣrī......Page 53
The Rise of Mystical Psychology: al-Muḥāsibī......Page 57
The Formation of the Baghdadi Tradition......Page 62
A Mysticism of Sobriety: al-Junayd al-Baghdādī......Page 66
The Tongue of Sufi Science: Abū Saʿīd al-Kharrāz......Page 70
The Blossom of Erotic Mysticism......Page 74
Chapter IV. The “Intoxicated” Mysticism of al-Bisṭāmī and al-Ḥallāj......Page 82
Chapter V. Ascetic and Mystical Movements in Baṣra and Khurāsān......Page 97
Ibn Karrām and the Karrāmiyya......Page 102
The Path of Blame......Page 108
Why Sufism? Some Observations Regarding Sufism’s Ascendancy During Islam’s Golden Age......Page 113
Chapter VI. The Systematization of the Sufi Tradition......Page 130
Abū Naṣr al-Sarrāj and His “Kitāb al-Luma‛”......Page 132
Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī......Page 135
Sufism on the Eastern Fringe......Page 137
The Systematization of Khurāsānī Tradition: al-Sulamī......Page 139
Abū Nuʿaym’s “Decoration of the Saints”......Page 142
Al-Qushayrī’s Sufi Manual......Page 144
Sufism Speaks Persian: al-Hujwīrī’s Kashf al-maḥjūb......Page 146
Sufism With a Ḥanbalī Flavor: al-Anṣārī al-Harawī......Page 149
The Maturity of Sufi Science: al-Ghazālī......Page 154
Chapter VII. Sufism As Literature and Metaphysics: The Grand Masters of Mystical Poetry and Philosophy......Page 164
ʿAṭṭār......Page 166
Rūmī......Page 170
Jāmī......Page 175
Sufism As Unitive Metaphysics: Ibn [al-]ʿArabī......Page 177
Chapter VIII. Unity and Diversity in Sufism The Rise of the Ṭarīqas......Page 183
ʿAbd al-Qādir and the Qādiriyya......Page 193
Al-Suhrawardī and the Suhrawardiyya......Page 206
Al-Shādhilī and the Beginnings of the Shādhiliyya......Page 221
Bahāʾ al-Dīn Naqshband and the Naqshbandiyya......Page 232
Najm al-Dīn Kubrā and the Kubrawiyya......Page 248
Sufism in a Shīʿī Context: The Niʿmatullāhiyya......Page 253
Sufism and Sufi Brotherhoods in the Maghrib......Page 259
Sufism in sub-Saharan Africa......Page 265
A Turkish Face of Sufism: The Khalwatiyya and OtherTurkic Orders......Page 278
Sufi Institutions in Moghul India......Page 294
Sufism in Indonesia......Page 300
Sufism in the Caucasus......Page 303
Shāmil and “Muridism”: Methodological Problems......Page 308
The Path: Ṭarīq(a)......Page 315
The “States” and “Stations” of the Mystical Path......Page 317
The Goal of the Mystical Path: fanāʾ/baqāʾ......Page 323
Sufi Epistemology: Kashf......Page 325
Methods of Inducing Mystical States: khalwa, dhikr, and samāʿ......Page 328
General Conclusion......Page 340
Bibliography......Page 342
General Index......Page 348
Index of Book Titles......Page 365
Index of Terms......Page 368