Islamic Identity and Development after the Ottomans: The Arab Middle East

Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Tables
Preface
1 Winners and Losers in Nation-Building in the Post-Ottoman Middle East
	Young Turks, Social Darwinism, and Oil Politics
	The Turkish Petroleum Company
	Turks, Arabs, and Jews
	Nation-Building: Leadership and Resources
	The Kibbutz Movement
	Technical Knowledge in Nation-Building
	Ideology: Zionism, Turkism, Arabism
	The Dreyfus Case
	Christian Nationalism, the Eastern Question, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Empire
	The Greek Independence
	The Christian Heritage of Europe
	A Hypothesis
	Neo-Ottomanism
	Failed States in the Arab Core
	References
2 Dar’ul Islam After the Ottomans: The Modern Middle East
	The Damascus Debacle
	Antonius On the Sykes-Picot Agreement
	The Ottoman Legacy
	The Ottoman Decline
	Pan-Islam and Neo-Ottomanism
	The Caliphate in the Ottoman Endgame
	Tribalism and Tribal Warfare
	The Endless War in Yemen
	Arab Unity and the Arab League
	Post-Pandemic World
	Human Loss, Quality of Life in the Arab Core
	Social Capital
	The US Invasion, Rise of Islamic Terrorism, and False Caliphates
	Note
	References
3 Recent Scholarship On the End of Ottomans and the Making of the Modern Middle East
	The Berlin–Baghdad Railway (BBR)
	The War Over Oil
	Salvation Through War?
	Deceit and Imperial Folly
	The Ottoman Endgame
	Poisoned Wells
	Oil Kings
	Neo-Imperialism at Its Worst
	The New Arab Wars
	A (Levantine) Paradise Lost
	Nostalgia for an Empire Lost
	References
4 The Roots of Islamic Underdevelopment: From Mercantilism to Imperialism
	The Modern Era, 1453
	The Ottoman System at Its Zenith
	An Ottoman Traveler: Evliya Çelebi
	The Ottoman Trading System
	Selim’s Conquest of Cairo
	The Social Quality of Life Under the Ottomans
	The Damascus-Bursa Trade
	The Ottoman Custom Zones, Taxes, and Slave Trade
	Towns, Guilds, and Trade Regulation: The Imaret System
	Balkans and Arab Provinces Compared
	The Trade Regulation in Ottoman Cairo
	The Arab Core in International Trade
	The Western Shift of International Trade
	Capitulations: The Road to Economic Ruin
	The Creation of the Atlantic Mercantilist Economy
	The Origins of Mercantilism: Ideas First, Institutions After
	The Plantation System, Slavery as Pillars of Colonialism
	Globalization and MNCs
	References
5 The Elusive Quest for the Islamic Social Contract: The Contest Between Nationalism and Imperialism
	A Synopsis of Arab Culture
	The Rise and Fall of Mohammed Mosaddeq
	Saudi Arabia: Wahhabism, Deceit, Oil, and Imperialism
	Iraq: Military Dictatorship and Squandered Oil Wealth
	The Brutal Al-Assad Regime
	The Qaddafi Dictatorship
	The Egyptian Case of Nation-Building
	Notes
	References
6 The Making of the Modern Middle East: Western Invasion, the Sykes-Picot Legacy, Failed States, and Terrorism
	What Is Socio-Economic Development?
	Labor Market and Youth Unemployment
	Energy Transformation: Can Saudi Arabia Do It?
	Oil as a Curse
	The Mosul Question (Musul Meselesi)
	Sykes-Picot Agreement: A Story of Deceit
	Creating an Artificial Country, A Consolation Prize
	Algeria: The Bloody Case of French Imperialism
	The Sykes-Picot Legacy
	Who Is a Terrorist? What Exactly Is Terrorism?
	References
7 The New Silk Route: Long-Term Revival of the Muslim World?
	The Spectacular Rise of China
	China Expands in All Directions, SRE
	Water Management Challenges
	The Muslim Cultural Heritage
	The Aral Sea Disaster … and Rehabilitation
	Financial Institutions
	A Peaceful Future: TAPI Mega Project
	Iran-China Relations
	Sustainable Development
	A Long-Term Revival: Silk Road Economy
	The Siberian Hinterland
	Turkey-Azerbaijan Energy Cooperation On a New Dimension of the SRE
	Azerbaijan as a New Energy Actor
	Geopolitics of the Greater Caspian Basin Gas Reserves
	Iran-Turkey Energy Relations On the SRE
	Turkish-Russian Pipelines
	Ceyhan, the New Energy Hub
	Turkey Finds Gas in the Black Sea
	Changing Geopolitics in the Caucuses
	Toward a New World Order
	References
8 Europe, Turkey, and Islam: From Crusades to Interfaith Cooperation
	Centuries of Crusades
	The Cartoons Versus Liberty
	Muslims in Europe Today
	Treatment of Muslims in Europe: The French Case
	The Case of Poland
	European Imperialism
	How the Inca/Aztec Gold Made Europe Rich
	The Dutch Colonialism
	The Muslim Refugee Crisis
	The Crusading Mentality Today
	Turkey as a Cultural Bridge: The Idealist Scenario
	Cyprus Joins the EU and Turkey’s Accession Is Put in Deep Freeze
	The EU and the Greek-Turkish Maritime Dispute
	Regional Issues in Greek-Turkish-EU Relations
	European Factor in Arab-Israeli Relations
	War Or Peace?
	Energy Cooperation On the SRE
	Conclusion
	References
9 The Muslim Refugee Crisis and Moral Failure
	The Vital Issue of Land in Palestine
	The British Mandate and the Bloody Way to Partition
	A New Breed of “Lords of Poverty”
	Palestine: A Nation of Refugees
	The “Great Game” in the Middle East
	Reparations
	The Global Refugee Challenge: The Palestinian Model Is Globalized
	The Charity Business
	The Brutal Saddam Regime, American Invasion, and the Rise of Terrorism
	The Syrian Refugee Crisis
	International Moral Failure, The Next 50 Years
	References
10 Why the Arab World Never Produced a Democratic Leader?
	Conflicts, Civil Wars, a Natural State: Al-Ghazzali’s Ideal State
	Al-Ghazzali’s Ideal State
	The Current Arab Leadership Dilemma
	Saddam Hussein, a Brutal Arab Dictator
	Nasserism and Modern Arab Ideology
	Arabia and the House of Saud
	The Rise of Al Qaeda, ISIL Terrorism
	The Profile of an Islamic Terrorist: Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi
	The Question of Incompatibility
	A Tunisian Exception: Habib Bourguiba?
	Note
	References
11 Democracy, Arabs, and Islamic Revival
	Is Democracy Dying?
	Moral Decay in Liberal Democracies, the Crisis of Capitalism
	The Evolution of Arab Nationalism
	Voices in the Dark
	Arab Spring: A Failed Young Turk Revolution, a Century Later?
	Ba’athism and the Question of Legitimacy
	Is Arab Democracy an Impossible Dream?
	Civil Society
	Is It Possible to Have Democracy in the Arab World?
	Self-Reliance, Social Capital, and Institution-Building for a New SRE
	Freedom Under Embargoes: The Case of North Cyprus
	References
12 A Summing Up
	No Caliphate
	Western Guilt and Responsibility
	A Cleaner, Sustainable World
	The Prospects of SRE
	Toward a Humane and Just World
	Conclusion
	References
13 Postscript On Ukraine War
INDEX