Islam: An Historic Introduction

Contents......Page 6
List of illustrations......Page 9
Preface......Page 10
Note on the transliteration......Page 11
1 INTRODUCTION: THE CONCEPT AND UNITY OF ISLAMIC HISTORY......Page 12
2 EUROPE AND ISLAM: THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC STUDIES IN THE WEST......Page 16
1. Early studies of Islam in the context of religious war......Page 17
2. From confrontation to co-existence......Page 19
3. The beginnings of Islamic studies......Page 20
4. The rise of Oriental philology......Page 22
5. ‘Historicism’ and the opening up of the sources......Page 24
6. Islam as a field of scholarship......Page 27
7. Research in Islam in East and West: encounter and conflict......Page 28
3 ISLAM: RELIGION AND LEGAL SYSTEM......Page 32
1. The Revelation......Page 33
a) Islamic history and the history of Islam......Page 42
b) From civil wars to schism......Page 44
c) Between theology and tradition: the development of dogma......Page 54
d) Asceticism, mysticism and the religious orders......Page 62
a) The foundation of Islamic law......Page 66
b) Government, legislation and the administration of justice......Page 70
c) The classical schools of law......Page 73
d) The state in the light of legal theory......Page 78
1. Arabia: landscape and history at the beginning of Islam......Page 83
2. Bedouins and sedentary peoples......Page 85
3. Agricultural economy, taxation and land tenure......Page 89
4. Urban society and economy......Page 94
5 A REGIONAL VIEW OF ISLAMIC HISTORY......Page 107
2. Syria and Palestine......Page 108
3. Iraq......Page 110
a) Spain......Page 112
b) North Africa......Page 113
5. Egypt......Page 114
6. Iran......Page 115
7. Anatolia......Page 118
8. The further lands of Islam......Page 119
6 PERIODS OF ISLAMIC HISTORY......Page 121
2. Muhammad: the mission of the Arab Prophet and the first Islamic state (c. 610–32)......Page 122
a) The period of the ‘Orthodox’ caliphs (al-Rāshidun, 632–61): the emergence of the Arab state......Page 123
b) The caliphate of the Umayyads (661–750)......Page 125
a) The first century of the 'Abbāsids (749–847)......Page 126
b) The decline of the caliphate (9th–10th centuries)......Page 127
c) The rise of local autonomous states and the successor states of the caliphal empire (c. 850–c. 1055)......Page 128
a) The Seljuqs (Iran and Iraq, 11th–12th centuries; in Anatolia until the 13th century)......Page 130
b) Syria and Egypt under the Atabegs and Ayyubids; the Islamic confrontation with the Crusaders; the final phase of the 'Abbāsid caliphate (12th–mid-13.........Page 131
c) Almoravids and Almohads in North Africa and Spain (1056–1269)......Page 132
a) The Mongol invasion and the Mongol period in the Islamic east (13th–15th centuries)......Page 133
b) The Mamluks in Egypt and Syria (1250–1517) The emergence of the Ottoman empire......Page 135
a) The Ottoman empire......Page 136
c) Iran from the Safavid period......Page 138
8. The emergence of national states. Westernisation and reform (from the beginning of the 19th century)......Page 139
a) Arabic: the language of Islam......Page 142
b) The other languages of Islam......Page 146
c) The Arabic script......Page 149
a) Islamic personal names......Page 153
b) The titles of rulers and honorific titles......Page 157
3. The Islamic calendar......Page 161
8 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE......Page 166
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 224
A......Page 305
E......Page 306
I......Page 307
M......Page 308
P......Page 309
S......Page 310
W......Page 311
Z......Page 312