Is Democracy Exportable?

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Introduction......Page 15
DEMOCRACY AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY......Page 18
THE NEW CONTROVERSY......Page 22
A VARIETY OF PERSPECTIVES......Page 24
A MORAL IMPERATIVE?......Page 27
1 The Morality of Exporting Democracy: A Historical-Philosophical Perspective......Page 29
THE TRADITIONAL SOURCES OF DOUBT CONCERNING THE JUSTICE OF EXPORTING DEMOCRACY......Page 30
THE “JUST DISCOURSE” AND THE “LAW OF NATIONS”......Page 34
A NEW KIND OF DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC......Page 35
THE MODERN DOUBTS, AND THE CHALLENGE FROM THE RADICAL LEFT......Page 40
THE KANTIAN COSMOPOLITAN RESPONSE......Page 42
CONCLUSION......Page 45
STRUCTURAL PRECONDITIONS......Page 49
2 Re-Integrating the Study of Civil Society and the State......Page 51
The German Case......Page 53
The Italian Case......Page 57
ISLAMISM......Page 60
CONCLUSIONS......Page 65
3 Encountering Culture......Page 71
CONCEPTUALIZING CULTURE......Page 72
ASSESSING CULTURAL DISPOSITION TOWARD DEMOCRACY......Page 74
Tolerance......Page 75
Spirit of Equality......Page 79
Nationalism, Prickly and Smooth......Page 83
Nationalism and the Democracy-Promoters......Page 86
Assessing the Quality of Nationalism......Page 87
A General Assessment......Page 92
Prescriptions......Page 94
THE PROBLEM OF DIVIDED BUT STRONG COMMUNAL, CULTURALLY BASED IDENTITIES......Page 99
WHEN DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS EXACERBATE COMMUNAL CONFLICTS......Page 104
MAKING DEMOCRACY: SOME DISCOURAGING HISTORICAL PRECEDENTS......Page 113
WHEN DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS EASE COMMUNAL CONFLICTS......Page 109
PEACEFUL AND LESS PEACEFUL STRATEGIES FOR INCORPORATING MINORITIES......Page 116
HOW TO PROMOTE TOLERANT DEMOCRACY......Page 120
INTRODUCTION......Page 124
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE IDEA OF CIVIL SOCIETY......Page 125
THE PROBLEM OF DIFFERENCE AND DEMOCRATIC REGIMES......Page 128
CONSTITUTIVE DIFFERENCE AND TOLERANCE......Page 133
CONCLUSION......Page 140
INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES......Page 143
6 Electoral Engineering in New Democracies: Can Preferred Electoral Outcomes Be Engineered?......Page 145
Secondary Election Rules......Page 147
International Influence......Page 148
II. THE GOALS OF ELECTORAL ENGINEERING: MINIMIZING THE RISKS WHILE MAINTAINING THE BENEFITS OF COMPETITIVE ELECTIONS......Page 149
Undemocratic Winners......Page 150
ELECTIONS AND ETHNIC CONFLICT......Page 151
Exclusion: Women and Ethnic Minorities......Page 152
Dysfunctional or Unstable Party Systems......Page 153
III. ELECTORAL ENGINEERING: PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS......Page 154
Electoral Engineering and Undesirable Winners......Page 155
Election Monitoring, Foreign Aid, and Electoral Manipulation......Page 157
Electoral Systems and Ethnic Conflict......Page 159
Electoral Systems and Descriptive Representation......Page 160
Electoral Systems and the Party System......Page 164
IV. NAVIGATING COMPETING GOALS......Page 167
CONCLUSIONS......Page 168
CONSTITUTIONAL MOMENTS......Page 169
Democracy......Page 170
Temperance......Page 171
Durability......Page 172
HYPOTHESES......Page 173
EMPIRICAL CHALLENGES......Page 174
MEASURES OF INCLUSIVENESS......Page 176
Democracy......Page 179
Descriptive Statistics......Page 180
PATTERNS IN THE DATA......Page 182
CONCLUSION......Page 189
8 Building Democratic Armies......Page 192
Conscripts or Volunteers?......Page 195
The Military as Social Laboratory......Page 196
MILITARY PREROGATIVES......Page 197
CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT......Page 199
EXPLAINING MILITARY POLITICS IN DIVERSE CONTEXTS......Page 200
CRAFTING CIVILIAN CONTROL OVER THE POST-PRAETORIAN MILITARY......Page 201
Classificatory Schemes, Borrowed Theories, Miscellaneous Insights......Page 202
COMPARING CASES OF DEMOCRATIC ARMY-BUILDING......Page 203
Post-Praetorian Polities......Page 204
AFTER COMMUNISM......Page 209
CONCLUSION......Page 216
9 Democratization, Conflict, and Trade......Page 219
DEMOCRATIZATION AND WAR......Page 220
THE DANGERS OF INCOMPLETE DEMOCRATIZATION......Page 223
DEMOCRATIZATION AND WAR IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 225
DEMOCRATIZATION AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE......Page 227
DEMOCRATIZATION AND TRADE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 229
CONCLUSION......Page 234
10 Exporting Democracy: Does It Work?......Page 236
PRIOR RESEARCH: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?......Page 240
U.S. FOREIGN DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE: HOW MUCH?......Page 246
Estimation......Page 249
Results......Page 252
CONCLUSIONS......Page 254
Conclusion: Is Democracy Exportable?......Page 256
DEMOCRACY AS AN EXPORT......Page 257
POPULAR VIEWS OF DEMOCRACY......Page 259
DEMOCRACY – INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES......Page 261
CAUSE FOR CAUTION......Page 263
DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE......Page 266
WHO?......Page 267
WHAT TO DO?......Page 269
WHAT TO AVOID......Page 272
Bibliography......Page 279
Index......Page 307