IoT System Design: Project Based Approach

Preface
Contents
About the Authors
1 IoT System Design—The Big Picture
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Sensors—Fundamental Element of IoT
	1.3 Building Blocks of IoT System
	1.4 IoT Data and Information Processing
	1.5 Challenges of Design of IoT System
	1.6 Purpose of the Book
	Suggested Reading
2 IoT System Design—A Project Based Approach
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Description
		2.2.1 Objectives
		2.2.2 Hardware Used in the Project
		2.2.3 Software/Applications Used in the Project
	2.3 Motivation
	2.4 Overview of Project Implementation
		2.4.1 Microcontroller and Sensor Interface
			2.4.1.1 Arduino IDE Installations
			2.4.1.2 Circuit Diagrams
			2.4.1.3 Sensor Reading and Code Syntax
		2.4.2 Serial Monitor Results
		2.4.3 Configuration of the Transmission Module
			2.4.3.1 Device Configuration and ID
			2.4.3.2 Setting up TTN
			2.4.3.3 Registration of the Device
			2.4.3.4 First Communication
			2.4.3.5 Payload Assignment
			2.4.3.6 Sensor Data on TTN
		2.4.4 Transmission of Data to Cloud and Visualisation
	2.5 Guidelines to Users
		2.5.1 Microcontroller and Sensor Interface
		2.5.2 Serial Monitor Results
		2.5.3 Configuration of the Transmission Module
		2.5.4 Transmission of Data to Cloud and Visualisation
	2.6 Outcome of the Project
	Suggested Reading
3 Design Considerations for IoT Node
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Sensors
	3.3 Smart Sensors
	3.4 Interfacing Electronics Circuits
	3.5 Embedded System
	3.6 Wireless Transceivers
	3.7 IoT Communication Protocol
	3.8 Power/Energy for Sensor Nodes
	3.9 IoT Security
	3.10 IoT Access Control
	3.11 IoT Data Storage
	3.12 IoT Data Analytics
	Suggested Reading
4 Programming Raspberry Pi for IoT System
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Understanding Single Board Computers (SBCs)
	4.3 Setup and Installation
		4.3.1 Learning Objectives
		4.3.2 Hardware Requirements
		4.3.3 Software/Applications Requirements
		4.3.4 Initial Setup and Installation on SBC
			4.3.4.1 SD Card Flash
			4.3.4.2 RPi Connection
			4.3.4.3 Start up the RPi
			4.3.4.4 RPi Camera Setup
	4.4 Programming in Python
		4.4.1 Fundamentals of Python Programming
			4.4.1.1 Installations
			4.4.1.2 Python Programming with Interpreter
		4.4.2 Implementing Python Programming with Camera on IDE
		4.4.3 Implementing Python Programming with GPIO on IDE
	4.5 Outcome of Student Implementation
	Suggested Reading
5 Programming Arduino for IoT System
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Understanding the Microcontroller
	5.3 Function Definitions and Configurations
		5.3.1 Objectives
		5.3.2 Hardware Used
		5.3.3 Software/Applications
		5.3.4 Basic Code Structure
		5.3.5 Examples
	5.4 Interfacing Sensors
	5.5 Library Setup and Configurations
		5.5.1 Understanding the Library and Its Installation
		5.5.2 Writing Our Own Library
		5.5.3 Header File/Source File
		5.5.4 Example Sketch and Final Library Folder
	5.6 Guidelines to Implementation of Project Activity
		5.6.1 Arduino Library for LED Blink in Morse Code
		5.6.2 Building a Unique Library to Configure PIR Sensors
	5.7 Outcome of the Student Implementation
		5.7.1 Interrupt-Based Library Design
			5.7.1.1 Limitations of the Interrupt-Based Design
			5.7.1.2 Design of Class
			5.7.1.3 The Example Sketch
	Suggested Reading
6 WiFi Based IoT System
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Description
		6.2.1 Objectives
		6.2.2 Hardware Used in the Project
		6.2.3 Software/Applications Used in the Project
	6.3 Motivation
	6.4 WiFi Functionality on Raspberry Pi
	6.5 Setup and Installations of WiFi on Raspberry Pi
	6.6 Guidelines for Project Implementation
		6.6.1 Software Installations and Setup
		6.6.2 The guizero Library
		6.6.3 Python Webserver Application Using Flask on RPi
		6.6.4 Website Design
		6.6.5 IoT System Design with RPi and WiFi
	6.7 Designing an IoT Project Using WiFi
	6.8 Outcome of Student Implementation—Raspberry Pi
	6.9 Implementation of WiFi Using Arduino
	6.10 Guidelines Given to Users
	6.11 Outcome of Student Challenges and Implementation—Arduino Nano 33
	Suggested Reading
7 Bluetooth Based IoT System
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Description
		7.2.1 Objectives
		7.2.2 Hardware Used in the Project
		7.2.3 Software Used in the Project
	7.3 Motivation
	7.4 Bluetooth Functionality on Raspberry Pi
	7.5 Setup and Installations of Bluetooth on Raspberry Pi
	7.6 Guidelines Given to Users
		7.6.1 Software Installations and Setup
		7.6.2 Bluetooth Connections
		7.6.3 Controlling the IoT System (Buttons)
		7.6.4 More Example Programs with GPIO and BlueDot
		7.6.5 Appearance, Layout and Adding Multiple Buttons in BlueDot
		7.6.6 IoT System Design: Remote Control for Depth Measurement System
	7.7 Outcome of Project Implementation—Raspberry Pi
	7.8 Implementation of Bluetooth Using Arduino
	7.9 Guidelines Given to Implement the Project
	7.10 Outcome of Project Implementation—Arduino Nano 33
	Suggested Reading
8 LoRa Communication Based IoT System
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Description
		8.2.1 Objectives
		8.2.2 Hardware
		8.2.3 Software/Applications
	8.3 LoRa Implementation Using Arduino
	8.4 Guidelines to Users
	8.5 Outcome of the Project Implementation
	Suggested Reading
9 Cloud Computing for IoT Systems
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Need of Cloud Computing
	9.3 IaaS
	9.4 PaaS
	9.5 SaaS
	9.6 Example of Cloud Service Used: ThingSpeak
	9.7 Example of Cloud Service Used: AdaFruit IO
	Suggested Reading
10 Machine Learning in IoT System
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Machine Learning Architecture
	10.3 Benefits and Challenges of Machine Learning
	10.4 Data Analytics
		10.4.1 Types of IoT Analytics
	10.5 Edge Computing/Edge Analytics
	10.6 Example of Machine Learning: Forecasting
	10.7 Example of Machine Learning: Location. Prediction
		10.7.1 Reverse Geocoding
		10.7.2 Location Prediction
			10.7.2.1 Uses for Location Prediction
	Suggested Reading
11 Simulation Based Projects on IoT Systems
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Example of Online Simulator: AWS
	11.3 Example of Online Simulator: Microsoft Azure
	11.4 Example of Online Simulator: CupCarbon
	11.5 Brief Guidelines to User
	11.6 Implementation of Simulation Based IoT Project
		11.6.1 Introduction and Classification
		11.6.2 Setup of the Hub
		11.6.3 VS Code Extension for IoT Hub
		11.6.4 Web App Visualisation
		11.6.5 Challenges
		11.6.6 Possible Future Experiments
	Suggested Reading
12 Projects on IoT Systems
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Project 1: Wireless Sensor Node for Precision Agriculture
		12.2.1 Abstract
		12.2.2 Introduction
		12.2.3 Block Diagram
		12.2.4 Sensors
		12.2.5 Libraries
		12.2.6 Timing
		12.2.7 Circuitry
		12.2.8 Transmission Protocol
		12.2.9 Dashboard
		12.2.10 Algorithm
		12.2.11 Edge Computing
		12.2.12 Data Analysis
		12.2.13 Challenges and Advantages
		12.2.14 Future Scope
		12.2.15 Conclusion
	12.3 Project 2: VISION—A Guide for the Visually Impaired
		12.3.1 Abstract
		12.3.2 Introduction
		12.3.3 Block Diagram
		12.3.4 Initial Sensor Interface and Sending Data to Cloud
		12.3.5 Software Requirements
		12.3.6 Headphone and Microphone Test
		12.3.7 SIM7000E NB-IOT HAT
	12.4 IMU
		12.4.1 Circuit Diagram
		12.4.2 System Algorithm
		12.4.3 Mobile App
		12.4.4 Applied Machine Learning
		12.4.5 Data Visualisation
		12.4.6 Challenges
		12.4.7 Conclusion
		12.4.8 Future Scope
	12.5 Satellite Tracker
		12.5.1 Abstract
		12.5.2 Introduction
		12.5.3 Block Diagram
		12.5.4 Sensor Interface
		12.5.5 Custom Library
		12.5.6 Circuit Diagram
		12.5.7 Transmission Protocol
		12.5.8 Cloud Data Visualisation
		12.5.9 Transmit Data to the Cloud
		12.5.10 Code Flowchart
		12.5.11 Edge Computing
		12.5.12 Data Analysis & Computer Vision Feedback
		12.5.13 Challenges
		12.5.14 Advantages
		12.5.15 Conclusion
	References