Inventory of Energy Subsidies in the EU’s Eastern Partnership Countries

Intro
 Table of contents
 Foreword
 Acknowledgements
 Abbreviations and acronyms
 Armenia
 Azerbaijan
 Belarus
 Georgia
 Moldova
 Ukraine
 Executive summary
 Chapter 1. Overview of energy subsidies in the EaP countries
 Why do energy subsidies matter?
 Energy subsidies in the European Union\'s Eastern Partnership countries
 Subsidy identification and estimation methodology
 Definition and classification of subsidies
 Figure 1.1. The nesting doll of subsidy definitions and scope of this study
 Table 1.1. Typology of subsidies
 National subsidy definitions in the EaP countries Table 1.2. What do EaP countries include in the national definition of subsidies?Two approaches to subsidy quantification: price-gap and inventory
 Box 1.1. Main approaches to subsidy quantification
 Government support for fossil-fuel production and consumption
 Quantified fossil-fuel subsidies in the EaP countries
 Table 1.3. Quantified fossil-fuel subsidies in the EaP countries, USD million
 Figure 1.2. General government deficit and quantified fossil-fuel subsidies as % of GDP in 2014
 Figure 1.3. Quantified fossil-fuel subsidies in the EaP countries by fuel in 2014, USD million Price-gap approach to estimating gas subsidiesTable 1.4. Price-gap estimates of subsidies to natural gas consumers in the EaP countries in 2015
 Table 1.5. Energy-efficiency and renewable energy subsidies in the EaP countries, USD million
 Government support to energy efficiency and renewable energy sources
 Political economy and energy subsidy reform in the EaP countries
 Benefits from energy subsidy reform
 Box 1.2. Turning subsidies into energy-efficiency investments in Ukraine
 Need for transparency over energy subsidies in the EaP countries Elements of preparing for energy subsidy reform and impact on energy affordabilityFigure 1.4. A holistic approach to energy subsidy reform
 Box 1.3. Energy subsidy reform and energy affordability in Moldova
 Figure 1.5. Impact of various scenarios for increasing VAT on heat consumption, expressed as a percentage of household income in Moldova
 Figure 1.6. Complementary policies for managing impacts of energy subsidy reform
 Macroeconomic situation in the EaP countries
 Table 1.6. Key economic indicators of the EaP countries in 2015 Box 1.4. Eurasian Economic Union and its implications for energy markets in Armenia and BelarusFigure 1.7. Structure of the economy, % of GDP in 2015
 Figure 1.8. GDP per capita, purchasing power parity (current international USD)
 The energy sector and its main reforms
 Box 1.5. Energy mix in the EaP countries
 Ownership
 Figure 1.9. Total primary energy supply of EaP countries in 2014, million tonnes of oil equivalent
 Figure 1.10. Energy productivity in EaP countries, GDP per unit of energy use, constant 2011 PPP USD per kg of oil equivalent
 Energy pricing policies