Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
About the Author......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 15
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 12
Supplements......Page 17
Technology Resources......Page 18
Data Sources......Page 20
Case Study: Top Films of All Time......Page 24
1.1 Statistics Basics......Page 25
1.2 Simple Random Sampling......Page 32
1.3 Other Sampling Designs*......Page 40
1.4 Experimental Designs*......Page 48
Review Problems......Page 54
Biography......Page 57
Case Study: World\'s Richest People......Page 59
2.1 Variables and Data......Page 60
2.2 Organizing Qualitative Data......Page 65
2.3 Organizing Quantitative Data......Page 75
2.4 Distribution Shapes......Page 98
2.5 Misleading Graphs*......Page 106
Chapter in Review......Page 110
Review Problems......Page 111
Case Study Discussion......Page 114
Biography......Page 115
Case Study: The Beatles\' Song Length......Page 116
3.1 Measures of Center......Page 117
3.2 Measures of Variation......Page 128
3.3 Chebyshev\'s Rule and the Empirical Rule*......Page 140
3.4 The Five-Number Summary; Boxplots......Page 148
3.5 Descriptive Measures for Populations; Use of Samples......Page 162
Review Problems......Page 173
Focusing on Data Analysis......Page 176
Biography......Page 177
Case Study: Texas Hold\'em......Page 179
4.1 Probability Basics......Page 180
4.2 Events......Page 187
4.3 Some Rules of Probability......Page 196
4.4 Contingency Tables; Joint and Marginal Probabilities*......Page 202
4.5 Conditional Probability*......Page 208
4.6 The Multiplication Rule; Independence*......Page 216
4.7 Bayes\'s Rule*......Page 224
4.8 Counting Rules*......Page 231
Review Problems......Page 241
Focusing on Data Analysis......Page 244
Biography......Page 245
Case Study: Aces Wild on the Sixth at Oak Hill......Page 246
5.1 Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions*......Page 247
5.2 The Mean and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable*......Page 254
5.3 The Binomial Distribution*......Page 261
5.4 The Poisson Distribution*......Page 274
Chapter in Review......Page 281
Review Problems......Page 282
Biography......Page 284
Case Study: Chest Sizes of Scottish Militiamen......Page 285
6.1 Introducing Normally Distributed Variables......Page 286
6.2 Areas under the Standard Normal Curve......Page 297
6.3 Working with Normally Distributed Variables......Page 303
6.4 Assessing Normality; Normal Probability Plots......Page 313
6.5 Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution*......Page 319
Chapter in Review......Page 326
Review Problems......Page 327
Biography......Page 329
Case Study: The Chesapeake and Ohio Freight Study......Page 330
7.1 Sampling Error; the Need for Sampling Distributions......Page 331
7.2 The Mean and Standard Deviation of the Sample Mean......Page 336
7.3 The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean......Page 342
Chapter in Review......Page 349
Review Problems......Page 350
Biography......Page 352
Case Study: Bank Robberies: A Statistical Analysis......Page 354
8.1 Estimating a Population Mean......Page 355
8.2 Confidence Intervals for One Population Mean When σ Is Known......Page 361
8.3 Confidence Intervals for One Population Mean When σ Is Unknown......Page 375
Review Problems......Page 386
Biography......Page 389
Case Study: Gender and Sense of Direction......Page 390
9.1 The Nature of Hypothesis Testing......Page 391
9.2 Critical-Value Approach to Hypothesis Testing......Page 399
9.3 P-Value Approach to Hypothesis Testing......Page 404
9.4 Hypothesis Tests for One Population Mean When σ Is Known......Page 410
9.5 Hypothesis Tests for One Population Mean When σ Is Unknown......Page 422
9.6 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test*......Page 430
9.8 Which Procedure Should Be Used?**......Page 445
Review Problems......Page 456
Biography......Page 460
Case Study: Dexamethasone Therapy and IQ......Page 461
10.1 The Sampling Distribution of the Difference between Two Sample Means for Independent Samples......Page 462
10.2 Inferences for Two Population Means, Using Independent Samples: Standard Deviations Assumed Equal......Page 469
10.3 Inferences for Two Population Means, Using Independent Samples: Standard Deviations Not Assumed Equal......Page 481
10.4 The Mann–Whitney Test*......Page 493
10.5 Inferences for Two Population Means, Using Paired Samples......Page 508
10.7 Which Procedure Should Be Used?**......Page 521
Chapter in Review......Page 531
Review Problems......Page 532
Case Study Discussion......Page 534
Biography......Page 566
Case Study: Speaker Woofer Driver Manufacturing......Page 536
11.1 Inferences for One Population Standard Deviation*......Page 537
11.2 Inferences for Two Population Standard Deviations, Using Independent Samples*......Page 550
Review Problems......Page 564
Case Study: Arrested Youths......Page 567
12.1 Confidence Intervals for One Population Proportion......Page 568
12.2 Hypothesis Tests for One Population Proportion......Page 580
12.3 Inferences for Two Population Proportions......Page 584
Review Problems......Page 596
Biography......Page 598
Case Study: Eye and Hair Color......Page 599
13.1 The Chi-Square Distribution......Page 600
13.2 Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test......Page 601
13.3 Contingency Tables; Association......Page 610
13.4 Chi-Square Independence Test......Page 620
13.5 Chi-Square Homogeneity Test......Page 629
Chapter in Review......Page 636
Review Problems......Page 637
Biography......Page 640
Case Study: Healthcare: Spending and Outcomes......Page 641
14.1 Linear Equations with One Independent Variable......Page 642
14.2 The Regression Equation......Page 647
14.3 The Coefficient of Determination......Page 661
14.4 Linear Correlation......Page 668
Chapter in Review......Page 676
Review Problems......Page 677
Focusing on Data Analysis......Page 678
Biography......Page 679
Case Study: Shoe Size and Height......Page 680
15.1 The Regression Model; Analysis of Residuals......Page 681
15.2 Inferences for the Slope of the Population Regression Line......Page 693
15.3 Estimation and Prediction......Page 701
15.4 Inferences in Correlation......Page 711
Review Problems......Page 717
Case Study Discussion......Page 719
Biography......Page 720
Case Study: Self-Perception and Physical Activity......Page 721
16.1 The F-Distribution......Page 722
16.2 One-Way ANOVA: The Logic......Page 724
16.3 One-Way ANOVA: The Procedure......Page 730
16.4 Multiple Comparisons*......Page 743
16.5 The Kruskal-Wallis Test*......Page 751
Review Problems......Page 761
Focusing on Data Analysis......Page 763
Biography......Page 764
Appendix A: Statistical Tables......Page 766
Appendix B: Answers to Selected Exercises......Page 793
C......Page 845
E......Page 846
I......Page 847
O......Page 848
P......Page 849
S......Page 850
T......Page 851
Z......Page 852
Photo Credits......Page 853