Introductory Readings in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy

General Introduction by Lloyd P. Gerson
Maps
Time Line
Acknowledgments and Note to the Reader
Early Greek Philosophy*

1. Milesian Monists
1a. Thales
1b. Anaximander
1c. Anaximenes
2. Three Iconoclasts
2a. Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans
Philolaus of Croton
2b. Xenophanes
2c. Heraclitus
3. Eleatic Monism
3a. Parmenides
3b. Melissus
3c. Zeno
4. Pluralists
4a. Empedocles
4b. Anaxagoras
4c. The Atomists: Leucippus and Democritus
5. The Sophists
5a. Protagoras
5b. Gorgias
5c. Dissoi Logoi (excerpts)
Sophistic Political Thought
5d. Antiphon
5e. Critias
5f. Anonymus Iamblichi
Plato

Euthyphro, tr. C.D.C. Reeve
Apology, tr. C.D.C. Reeve
Crito, tr. C.D.C. Reeve
Protagoras (excerpts), tr. Stanley Lombardo and Karen Bell
Meno, tr. C.D.C. Reeve
Phaedo, tr. G.M.A. Grube
Symposium (excerpts), tr. Alexander Nehamas and Paul Woodruff
Republic, tr. C.D.C. Reeve
Book 1 (excerpts)
Books 2 and 3 (excerpts)
Book 4 (excerpts)
Book 5 (excerpts)
Book 6 (excerpts)
Book 7 (excerpts)
Book 8 (excerpts)
Book 9 (excerpts)
Book 10 (excerpts)
Parmenides (excerpts), tr. Mary Louise Gill and Paul Ryan
Timaeus (excerpts), tr. Donald J. Zeyl
Aristotle*

Categories 1–5
De Interpretatione 1–4, 7, 9
Topics 1.1–2, 5
Posterior Analytics 1.1–4; 2.19
Physics 1.1; 2
De Anima 1.1, 4; 2.1–4; 3.3–5, 10–11
Metaphysics 1 (excerpts); 4.1–3; 7.1–3; 12.6–9
Nicomachean Ethics 1.1–5, 7, 8, 9, 13; 2.1–6; 3.1–5; 5.1–2; 6.1–2, 5, 7, 12–13; 7.1–3; 10.6–9 (tr. Terence Irwin)
Politics 1.1–2; 3.6–9; 4.11; 7.1–3, 13, 15
Hellenistic Philosophy

Epicurus, tr. Brad Inwood and Lloyd P. Gerson
Letter to Herodotus
Letter to Menoeceus
The Principal Doctrines
Greek Stoics: Zeno, Cleanthes, and Chrysippus, tr. Brad Inwood and Lloyd P. Gerson
Cleanthes’ Hymn to Zeus
Pyrrho of Elis, tr. Brad Inwood and Lloyd P. Gerson
Roman Philosophy

Cicero, tr. Brad Inwood and Lloyd P. Gerson
Academica (excerpts)
On Fate (excerpts)
On the Nature of the Gods (excerpts)
Lucretius
On the Nature of Things (excerpts), tr. Martin Ferguson Smith
Seneca
On the Happy Life (excerpts), tr. Marcus Wilson
Moral Letters to Lucilius (excerpts), tr. Brad Inwood, Lloyd P. Gerson, and Marcus Wilson
On Providence (excerpts), tr. Peter J. Anderson
Epictetus
The Handbook, tr. Nicholas P. White
Marcus Aurelius
Meditations (excerpts), tr. G.M.A. Grube
Sextus Empiricus, tr. Sanford P. Etheridge, Brad Inwood, and Lloyd P. Gerson
Outlines of Pyrrhonism and Against the Logicians (excerpts)
Neoplatonism

Plotinus, tr. Elmer O’Brien
Enneads 1.2: On Virtue
Enneads 1.6: On Beauty
Enneads 5.1: The Three Primal Hypostases
Enneads 6.9: The Good or The One
Proclus
Elements of Theology (excerpts), tr. John Dillon and Lloyd P. Gerson